Opius (Agnopius) daghoides Zaykov & Fischer, 1983.

From cavus (Latin for hollow) and the generic name Opius Wesmael, because of the long and curved setae make a kind of cave at the back of the head (Fig. 13). Gender: masculine.

Antenna with 26–37 segments and 1.1–1.2× as long as fore wing (latter unknown of C. daghestanicus); ventral half of occiput with medium-sized to large area of long conspicuous and usually curved setae (Figs 13, 17, 25, 31); occipital carina absent ventrally (from lower level of eye downwards; Fig. 31) and dorsally; face without tubercles; scapus, fore coxa and trochanter at most weakly compressed; epistomal suture without large depressions (Fig. 30); inner side of antennal sockets not protruding (Figs 16, 30); hypoclypeal depression large; labrum visible, smooth; clypeus straight ventrally (Fig. 30); mandible robust, gradually widened basally and with ventro-basal carina, its dorsal tooth robust (Figs 13, 31); malar suture deep and long (Figs 30, 31); pronotum short and subvertical anteriorly and pronope deep and rather large; notauli largely absent on mesoscutal disc (Figs 14, 26); mesoscutum with medio-posterior depression; scutellar sulcus narrow to medium-sized (Figs 14, 26); precoxal sulcus absent; mesopleuron with transverse carina below anterior subalar depression in type species (Fig. 22); postpectal carina absent medio-ventrally (Fig. 25); vein 1-SR of fore wing 0.3–0.5× as long as vein 1-M; vein 3-SR of fore wing 1.9–2.1× longer than vein 2-SR; hind tibia without basal carina; laterope large (Fig. 22); dorsope absent; tergites II and III smooth and of subequal length or tergite II somewhat shorter, tergite II with pair of oblique depressions basally; epipleuron of tergite III similarly sclerotised as its notum laterally and largely gently folded under notum; second metasomal suture largely absent (Figs 1, 22, 27); tergite IV clearly visible (Figs 22, 27); ovipositor sheath far protruding, its setose part 0.6–1.2× as long as fore wing; hypopygium medium-sized and acute apically (Figs 22, 28).

Figure 1. 

Cavopius depressorius sp. nov., holotype, ♀, S. Korea (Hudong-Li), habitus lateral.

Palaearctic: three species.

Holotype , ♀ (ZISP), “Dagestan, Hodshan-Maha, 28. vi.[19]26, g. Rubov”, “Opius daghestanicus sp. n., N. Telenga det.”, “Zoological Institute St. Petersburg, INS_HYM_ 0002787”.

Antenna of ♀ with approximately 28 segments; face laterally black or dark brown; ventral half of occiput less conspicuously setose (Fig. 9); vein 1-M of fore wing 4× as long as vein 1-SR (Fig. 2); metasomal tergite I rather narrowed posteriorly (Fig. 5); metasomal tergites IV–VI flat and evenly sclerotised; setose part of ovipositor sheath approx. 0.9× as long as fore wing.

Figures 2–10. 

Cavopius daghestanicus (Telenga), comb. nov., holotype, ♀, Russia (Dagestan) 2 wings 3 mesosoma lateral 4 mesosoma dorsal 5 metasomal tergite I latero-dorsal 6 hind femur lateral 7 head anterior 8 head dorsal 9 head lateral 10 hind tibia lateral. Photographs by K. Samartsev.

Unknown.

Moldova, Russia (N. Caucasus, Siberia).

Photographs of the damaged holotype were very kindly supplied by Konstantin Samartsev (ZISP), showing clearly the more or less curved occipital setae (Fig. 9) which were overlooked by Fischer (1983).

Holotype , ♀ (RMNH), “Bulgaria, ex coll. Zaykov, RMNH Leiden 1991”, “Rhodopi, Konush [= village near Plovdiv at foothills of Rhodope Mts, c. 190 m], 3.vi.1975, A. Zaykov”, “♀ Opius daghoides n. sp., Holotype, det. Fischer, 1982 / Holotype Fischer & Zaykov”, “Opius (Misophthora) sp. n., ♀, det. Papp J., 1981 / aff. daghestanicus Tel., 26-art. ”, “19”.

Antenna with 26 segments (♀); face laterally yellowish brown; curved setae of ventral half of occiput conspicuous (Figs 13, 22); vein 1-M of fore wing ~ 2× as long as vein 1-SR (Fig. 11); setose part of ovipositor sheath 0.6–0.7× as long as fore wing (Fig. 22)

Figures 11–23. 

Cavopius daghoides (Zaykov & Fischer), comb. nov., holotype, ♀, Bulgaria (Konush) 11 wings 12 head anterior 13 ventral half of occiput and mandible lateral 14 mesosoma dorsal 15 hind leg 16 head dorsal 17 ventral half of occiput latero-posterior 18 outer hind tarsal claw 19 apex of antenna 20 base of antenna 21 antenna 22 habitus lateral 23 metasomal tergite I dorsal. Scale bar: 1.0× (11, 12, 14–16, 21, 22); 1.5× (23); 1.6× (13, 17); 2.5× (18–20).

Unknown.

Bulgaria, Spain.

Holotype , ♀ (RMNH), “S. Korea: Kangwondo, Cuncheon Nam-myon, Hudong-Li, Mal[aise] tr[ap] in half shadow at forest edge, 25.v.–14.vi.2003, P. Tripotin, RMNH”.

Antenna with 37 segments (♀); curved setae of ventral half of occiput conspicuous (Figs 25, 31); face laterally black or dark reddish brown (Fig. 30); vein 1-M of fore wing 3× as long as vein 1-SR (Fig. 24); tergites IV–VI broadly depressed and membranous antero-medially (Figs 1, 27, 28); setose part of ovipositor sheath ~ 1.2× as long as fore wing (Fig. 1).

Figures 24–33. 

Cavopius depressorius sp. nov., holotype, ♀, S. Korea (Hudong-Li) 24 wings 25 head and mesosoma lateral 26 head and mesosoma dorsal 27 metasoma dorsal 28 metasoma lateral 29 base of antenna 30 head anterior 31 head lateral 32 hind leg lateral 33 apex of antenna.

Holotype, ♀, length of body 3.2 mm, of fore wing 3.4 mm.

Head. Antenna with 37 segments and 1.2× as long as fore wing; third segment 1.2× longer than fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 1.5×, 1.2× and 1.4× their width, respectively (Figs 29, 33); width of head 2.1× its median length in dorsal view, smooth dorsally and posteriorly; behind stemmaticum with indistinct depression; vertex flattened and sparsely setose; OOL: diameter of ocellus: POL= 3:1:2 (Fig. 26); anterior half of frons shallowly depressed and smooth, its posterior half smooth and laterally setose (Fig. 26); face largely smooth, shiny and with conspicuous, long setae (Fig. 30); clypeus distinctly convex, semi-circular, largely smooth (except punctulation because of very long setae) and its ventral margin thin and straight, width of clypeus 2.8× its maximum height and 0.5× minimum width of face; hypoclypeal depression large and deep (Fig. 30); eye in dorsal view 1.4× longer than temple and temple behind eye subparallel-sided (Fig. 26); occipital carina distinct but dorsally and ventrally (behind malar space) absent (Fig. 31); temple and malar space smooth; length of malar space 1.1× basal width of mandible and 0.4× height of eye; malar suture deep and complete; mandible rather twisted apically but upper tooth robust, basally symmetrical or nearly so, basal half with ventral carina (Figs 30, 31); length of maxillary palp 1.1× height of head; labial palp segments robust.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.2× its height (Fig. 25); laterally pronotum smooth but anteriorly and posteriorly with crenulate groove; dorsal pronope round and rather large; propleuron weakly and evenly convex, shiny and smooth (Fig. 31); mesopleuron sparsely punctate; postpectal carina absent; precoxal sulcus absent and its area smooth; pleural sulcus smooth; mesosternal sulcus narrow and finely crenulate; metapleuron smooth and long setose (Fig. 25); mesoscutum steeply raised above pronotum, shiny and smooth except anteriorly; notauli only impressed in anterior 1/3 of mesoscutum, rather deep and anteriorly crenulate (Fig. 26); medio-posterior depression of mesoscutum deep, round and medium-sized; transverse suture of mesoscutum present; scutellar sulcus deep and broad medially, with eight carinae and medially 0.3 × as long as scutellum (Fig. 26); scutellum largely smooth, punctulate, weakly convex, without subposterior depression; side of scutellum smooth (Fig. 26); propodeum largely smooth and lacking carinae, but medio-posteriorly somewhat elevated, rugose and antero-laterally punctate, latero-posteriorly with lamella (Figs 25, 26).

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 25): pterostigma elongate triangular, 4.5× as long as its maximum width and gradually merging into vein 1-R1; vein M+CU1 weakly curved and only sclerotised in distal quarter; vein r-m present; 1-R1 ending just before wing apex; r:2-SR:3-SR:r-m:SR1 = 5:21:42:11:72; vein r slightly widened, arising before middle of pterostigma and 2-SR sinuate; m-cu postfurcal and nearly straight, gradually merging into 2-CU1; cu-a postfurcal and vertical; 1-CU1 slightly widened; CU1b medium-sized (Fig. 24). Hind wing: M+CU:1-M:1r-m = 22:20:10; cu-a slightly curved; m-cu absent.

Legs. Hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 5.3×, 8.7× and 4.8× as long as wide, respectively (Fig. 32); hind femur with dense, long setae.

Metasoma. Tergite I 1.1× as long as wide apically and slightly widened apically, its surface convex medially and largely rugulose-punctate, dorsal carinae rather weakly developed and nearly up to apex of tergite (Fig. 27); tergite II and following tergites smooth; second suture absent dorsally; apex of tergites III–VI and antero-medially tergites IV–VI membranous and slightly sclerotised (more or less depressed in dead specimen; Figs 27, 28); setose part of ovipositor sheath 1.21× as long as fore wing, 8.1× tergite I and 3.6× as long as hind tibia; hypopygium acute ventro-apically and approximately as long as tergite I (Fig. 28).

Colour. Black; temple chestnut brown; mandible largely, clypeus, malar space largely, palpi and legs pale yellow; tergite II and following tergites brownish yellow, but membranous parts more or less brown; antenna (but ventro-basally yellowish) dark brown; pterostigma and veins brown; ovipositor sheath dark brown; wing membrane subhyaline (Fig. 24).

Korea.

Unknown.

Named after the broadly depressed metasomal tergites IV–VI (Figs 27, 28); “depressus” is Latin for “pressed down, low”.

Biosteres adanaensis Fischer & Beyarslan, 2005.

From “pseudos” (Greek for “fallacy”) and the generic name Biosteres Foerster, because it is similar to Biosteres, but differs considerably as indicated below. Gender: masculine.

Hypoclypeal depression usually medium-sized, and medially ventral margin of clypeus above upper level of condyles of mandibles, but depression absent in P. riphaeus and narrow in P. adanaensis (Fig. 35); mandible with a large ventral tooth and its outer side convex (Fig. 40), mandible not twisted apically and second tooth clearly visible; notauli largely absent posteriorly (Fig. 36); medio-posterior depression of mesoscutum present; scutellum punctate medio-posteriorly; precoxal sulcus either absent, as a smooth and narrow suture or depressed and distinctly crenulate; precoxal sulcus without a second sculptured sulcus below; vein m-cu of fore wing slightly converging to vein 1-M posteriorly (Fig. 34) or parallel; vein r more or less angled with vein 3-SR of fore wing; vein 3-SR of fore wing 1.2–1.6× longer than vein 2-SR; vein m-cu of fore wing antefurcal or interstitial; pterostigma elliptical (Fig. 34) or elongate triangular; hind tibia without oblique carina basally; dorsope present (Fig. 41); hypopygium of ♀ truncate.

Figures 34–44. 

Pseudosteres adanaensis (Fischer & Beyarslan), comb. nov., holotype, ♀ Turkey (Adana-Balcali) 34 wings 35 head anterior 36 mesosoma dorsal 37 hind leg 38 base of antenna 39 head dorsal 40 mandible lateral 41 metasomal tergite I dorsal 42 outer hind claw lateral 43 antenna 44 habitus lateral. Scale bar: 1.0× (34, 36, 37, 43, 44); 1.3× (35, 39); 1.5× (41); 2.5× (38, 40, 42).

Palaearctic: five species.

Most species are similar to the genus Biosteres Foerster, 1863, but differ by having a large ventro-basal tooth or lobe and in part of species also by the presence of a medium-sized hypoclypeal depression. Members of Opiostomus Fischer have also the mandibles basally widened and the dorsope developed, but the mandible is distinctly twisted medially, the second submarginal is much longer and the scutellum is smooth posteriorly (but punctate in O. leptostigma (Wesmael)).

Holotype , ♀ (NMW), “[Turkey], Adana-Balcali, 9. iv. 1985, A. Beyarslan”, “Holotype, ♀, Biosteres adanaensis sp. n., M. Fischer det. 2003”.

Antenna of ♀ with > 25 segments (♂ unknown); hypoclypeal depression narrow; clypeus slightly sinuate ventrally, largely strongly shiny and comparatively weakly widened medially (Fig. 35); vein m-cu of fore wing interstitial (Fig. 34); medio-posterior depression of mesoscutum triangular (Fig. 36); scutellum black; precoxal sulcus absent (Fig. 44); pterostigma wide elliptical (Fig. 34); vein 1-R1 of fore wing 0.6–0.7× as long as pterostigma, remaining distinctly removed from apex of wing; vein r of fore wing 0.5–0.6× as long as width of pterostigma; vein CU1b of fore wing absent; vein m-cu of fore wing interstitial (Fig. 34); vein 3-SR of fore wing 1.3× longer than vein 2-SR; pronotum, hind coxa and metasomal tergite II orange brown; setose part of ovipositor sheath 0.05–0.08× as long as fore wing and 0.5–0.7× as long as tergite I.

Unknown.

Turkey (Asian part).

Unknown.

Ukraine.

According to Fischer and Beyarslan (2005) O. arenaceus is closely related to Opius pseudarenaceus Fischer & Beyarslan from Asian Turkey which belongs to Pseudosteres gen. nov. and, therefore, O. arenaceus is provisionally transferred to this genus.

Holotype , ♂ (MTMA), “Greece, Peloponnese, Monemvasia”, “15. iv. 1978, J. Papp”, “Holotypus ♂ Opius (Xynobius) christenseni sp. n., Papp, J., 1980% / ant. 32-art., “Hym. Typ. No. 2844, Museum Budapest”.

Unknown.

England, Greece, Ukraine, Georgia, and Asian Turkey.

As indicated on the label the holotype has 32 antennal segments, but according to the original description and the redescription the holotype male should have 35 antennal segments.

Holotype , ♀ (NMW), “Turkey, Adana-Balcali, 4. vi. [19]80, [A.] Beyarslan”, “Holotype, ♀, Opius (Allotypus) pseudarenaceus sp. n., det. M. Fischer, 2003”.

Unknown.

Turkey (Asian part).

If Opius arenaceus indeed has a distinct dorsope, then P. pseudarenaceus and P. arenaceus are very similar and P. pseudarenaceus may be only a colour variety of the latter. The differences given by Fischer and Beyarslan (2005) are of very limited value: mesosoma 1.3× as long as high (1.4× in P. arenaceus), scutellar sulcus crenulate (with only three carinae), tergite I striate (rugose) and mesopleuron largely black (red).

Unknown.

Iran, Russia (Asian part: Central Ural).

Antenna comparatively short, approximately as long as fore wing; scapus, fore coxa and trochanter distinctly compressed; face with pair of facial tubercles below antennal sockets more or less developed (Figs 45, 51, 53, 58, 67); epistomal suture with pair of large oblique and long pubescent tentorial depressions below tubercles (Figs 51, 59, 63, 68); clypeus narrow laterally, triangular and flattened (Fig. 59); occipital carina widely absent medio-dorsally and ventrally remaining far removed from hypostomal carina; hypoclypeal depression nearly absent to medium-sized (Figs 53, 58, 68); malar suture partly present (Fig. 51) or absent (Figs 58, 67); mandible strongly widened basally (Figs 63, 64, 67, 69) and more or less twisted apically; crenulate depression above eye absent; pronope rather large and round (Fig. 61); prepectal and postpectal carinae absent (Fig. 53); notauli reduced to a pair of droplet-shaped isolated depressions (Fig. 61); medio-posterior depression of mesoscutum absent; scutellar sulcus narrow (Fig. 61); pterostigma narrowed subapically (Figs 46, 56); vein 3-SR of fore wing distinctly longer than vein 2-SR (Figs 46, 56); vein m-cu of hind wing weakly developed (Figs 46, 56); vein SR1 of fore wing completely sclerotised, reaching margin of wing and resulting in a closed marginal cell (Fig. 46); medio-posteriorly scutellum without elevated area; metasomal tergite I without dorsope; tergite II smooth and approximately as long as tergite III; ovipositor sheath hardly or not protruding beyond apex of metasoma (Fig. 67).

Figure 45. 

Cephaloplites gijswijti sp. nov., holotype, ♂, Greece (Nemea), habitus lateral.

Figures 46–55. 

Cephaloplites gijswijti sp. nov., holotype, ♂, Greece (Nemea) 46 wings 47 head and mesosoma lateral 48 head and mesosoma dorsal 49 metasoma dorsal 50 hind leg lateral 51 head anterior 52 head dorsal 53 head ventro-lateral 54 apex of antenna 55 base of antenna.

Parasitoids of Agromyzidae (Fischer 1964).

Palaearctic: three species.

Holotype , ♂ (RMNH), “Ellas [= Greece], Pelepon[nesos], prov. Korinthia, M.J. Gijswijt”, “Nemea, 20.iv.1989”.

Pair of tubercles of face distinctly developed, distinctly visible in dorsal view of head (Fig. 52) and in lateral view (Fig. 45); setose tentorial depression distinctly removed from apical margin of clypeus and large (Fig. 51); malar suture distinct (Fig. 51); head largely reddish or brownish yellow in lateral view (Fig. 45) and partly black in dorsal view; ventral carina of mandible at most slightly developed (Fig. 51); tergite I ~ 1.3× longer than wide apically (Fig. 49); mesoscutum, scutellum and tergite III blackish; coxae and trochanters dark brown or black.

Holotype, ♂, length of body 1.7 mm, of fore wing 2.0 mm.

Head. Antenna with 25 segments and as long as fore wing; third segment 1.3× longer than fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 3.0×, 2.1× and 1.7× their width, respectively, and apical segment with minute spine (Figs 54, 55); width of head 2× its median length in dorsal view, mainly smooth dorsally and posteriorly; behind stemmaticum without distinct depression; vertex convex and sparsely setose; OOL: diameter of ocellus: POL = 7:3:4 (Fig. 52); frons shallowly depressed medially and mainly smooth, medio-posteriorly with groove (Fig. 52; eye in dorsal view 1.1× longer than temple and temple behind eye subparallel-sided (Fig. 52); face with pair of distinctly protruding convex and smooth tubercles (Figs 45, 53), visible in dorsal view of head (Fig. 52); long setose tentorial depression comparatively large and distinctly removed from base of mandible (Fig. 51); clypeus flat, triangular, smooth, shiny and its ventral margin thin and straight, width of clypeus 3.8× its maximum height and 0.8× minimum width of face; hypoclypeal depression medium-sized and deep (Fig. 51); occipital carina distinct but dorsally absent (Fig. 52); temple and malar space smooth; length of malar space 0.6× basal width of mandible and 0.2× height of eye; malar suture distinct, narrow and complete (Fig. 51); mandible weakly twisted apically, upper tooth slender, basally asymmetrical because of wide ventral lobe and no distinct ventral carina (Fig. 51); length of maxillary palp 0.7× height of head.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.3× its height (Fig. 47); laterally pronotum smooth except some crenulae and rugulae anteriorly; dorsal pronope round (Fig. 52), rather large and oblique; propleuron flattened, shiny and smooth; mesopleuron smooth and shiny; postpectal carinae absent; precoxal sulcus absent and area flat and smooth; pleural sulcus finely crenulate; mesosternal sulcus deep and moderately crenulate; metapleuron smooth but ventrally rugose (Fig. 47); mesoscutum steeply raised above pronotum, shiny and smooth anteriorly; notauli as pair of droplet-shaped and isolated depressions of mesoscutum, rather deep and anteriorly crenulate; transverse suture of mesoscutum absent; scutellar sulcus shallow and narrow, medially 0.1× as long as scutellum (Fig. 48); scutellum smooth, weakly convex, without subposterior depression; side of scutellum smooth; propodeum largely smooth, no carinae, but medio-posteriorly somewhat elevate, punctate and with some transverse striae but no lamella.

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 46): pterostigma triangular, distally elongate, 3.6× longer than its maximum width and gradually merging into vein 1-R1; vein M+CU1 weakly curved and unsclerotised; vein r-m present; 1-R1 ending just before wing apex; r:2-SR:3-SR:r-m:SR1 = 3:16:22:7:49; veins r and 3-SR slightly widened, vein r arising before middle of pterostigma and 2-SR slightly sinuate; m-cu postfurcal and straight, angled with 2-CU1; cu-a postfurcal and vertical; 1-CU1 very short and widened; CU1b rather short (Fig. 46). Hind wing: M+CU:1-M:1r-m = 7:8:5; cu-a straight; m-cu faintly indicated.

Legs. Hind femur, tibia, and basitarsus 3.3×, 7.7×, and 3.0× as long as wide, respectively (Fig. 50); hind femur shiny and with long setae.

Metasoma. Tergite I 1.3× longer than its apical width and slightly widened apically, its surface convex medially and largely smooth (only some rugulae posteriorly), dorsal carinae weakly developed and nearly up to apex of tergite (Fig. 49); tergite II and following tergites smooth; second suture absent dorsally.

Colour. Black; temple, frons largely and face laterally reddish yellow; remainder of face, clypeus, malar space, antenna and tergite II dark brown; palpi brown; coxae and trochanters black or dark brown, remainder of legs brownish yellow; pterostigma and veins brown; wing membrane subhyaline (Fig. 46).

Unknown.

Greece.

Named after the aimable collector of the holotype, Martinus Johannes (Theo) Gijswijt (10.xi.1927–27.v.2015), who was one of the major specialists of European Chalcidoidea.

Holotype of C. mocsaryi (♀ from Hungary, Budapest, Zugliget) is lost. Holotype of O. kilisanus, ♂ (NMW), “[Turkey], Hatay-Kilis, 6. v. 1985, A. Beyarslan”.

Figures 56–67. 

Cephaloplites mocsaryi Szépligeti, ♀, Hungary (Budapest), but apex of antenna of Germany (Stuttgart) 56 wings 57 outer hind claw lateral 58 head anterior 59 face anterior 60 hind leg 61 mesosoma dorsal 62 head dorsal 63 face and mandible lateral 64 mandible lateral 65 metasomal tergite I dorsal 46 apex of antenna 67 habitus lateral. Scale bar: 1.0× (56, 58–62, 65, 67); 1.5× (63, 64); 2.5× (57, 66).

Parasitoids of Agromyzidae: Agromyza woerzi Groschke (Fischer 1964).

Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, and Turkey (Asian part).

The holotype of O. kilisanus has the mandible, malar space, temple ventrally, bases of hind and middle coxae and of trochantelli, mesosoma (except mesoscutum, scutellum, dorsal part of pronotum and mesopleuron) and metasoma (except second and most of tergite III) blackish, the temple somewhat less rounded and narrowed than figured for the female and the antenna with 26 segments. The differences are most likely clinal and considered to fall within the species limits of C. mocsaryi.

Holotype , ♂ (ZISP), “[Tajikistan], Vysje, Pos. Anzov, 2000 m, Gissarsk. Chr., 26. vi. [1]965, Tobias”, “Holotypus Cephaloplites tadzhicus Tobias & Zaidov sp. n.”. Three male paratypes (ZISP) with same label data not examined.

Unknown.

Central Asia: Tajikistan.

The venation of C. tadzhicus is similar to that of the type species (cf. Fig. 56), the protuberances of the face are small (Fig. 70; not visible in dorsal view), the ♂ antenna with 28 segments, the metasoma dark brown as the remainder of the body, coxae, trochanters and trochantelli, the apex of the hind tibia and all tarsi infuscate to rather dark brown.

Figures 68–70. 

Cephaloplites tadzhicus Tobias & Saidov, holotype, ♂, Tajikistan 68 head anterior 69 mandible lateral 70 head lateral. Scale bar: 1.0×, but detail of mandible 1.5×.