Research Article |
Corresponding author: Cheryl B. Barr ( cbarr@berkeley.edu ) Academic editor: Mariano Michat
© 2023 William D. Shepard, Cheryl B. Barr.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Shepard WD, Barr CB (2023) A revision of the Chilean water penny genus Tychepsephus Waterhouse, 1876 (Coleoptera, Psephenidae, Eubriinae), with description of a second species and two larval morphotypes, and notes on other Chilean Psephenidae. ZooKeys 1164: 23-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1164.103184
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The Chilean water penny genus Tychepsephus Waterhouse, 1876 is revised, with descriptions and photographic illustrations of life stages including two larval morphotypes, the pupa of one morphotype, and adults of two species. The pupa of Tychepsephus has not been reported previously. Tychepsephus cekalovici sp. nov. is described, and Ectopria (Chilectopria) grandis Pic, 1947, syn. nov. is proposed as a new synonym of Tychepsephus felix Waterhouse, 1876, which is redescribed. Taxonomic treatment of the adults of both species includes images of the habitus of males and females, morphological variation, and male and female genitalia. Males and females are sexually dimorphic. Information on the habitat of Tychepsephus is provided and illustrated with photographs, and the known geographic distribution of the two species is mapped. The occurrence of Tychepsephus in Argentina is reported; therefore, the genus no longer can be considered endemic to Chile. The taxonomic status and geographic distribution in South America of other species of Psephenidae, particularly members of the subfamily Eubriinae, is reviewed.
Aquatic beetles, biology, distribution, habitat, life stages, neotropical, sexual dimorphism, South America, synonym
Members of the family Psephenidae, commonly called water penny beetles, occur on all continents except Antarctica, and are absent from many islands including New Zealand, Hawaii, and Ireland (
The subfamily Eubriinae is cosmopolitan and presently consists of 15 described genera. Larval eubriines, depending on larval morphology, live in a variety of habitats ranging from sluggish seeps to moderately swift streams and small rivers. However, the majority, which are not strongly flattened and streamlined, inhabit slowly flowing water. Tychepsephus Waterhouse, 1876, until now a monotypic genus, has been known only from Chile. Larvae have been found on the substrates of very small streams to small rivers with moderate to fast current; adults have been collected from adjacent vegetation.
The taxonomy of Tychepsephus has been muddled.
There has been a question of how closely related Tychepsephus is to the Australian eubriine Sclerocyphon Blackburn, 1892. In her revision of Sclerocyphon,
The larva of Tychepsephus has also been taxonomically misinterpreted and the generic name incorrectly spelled.
The initial description of larval Tychepsephus (
In 2005, at a meeting of the Sociedad Chilena de Entomologia, Elgueta and Guerrero presented a talk entitled “Nuestro Conocimiento de Psephenidae (Coleoptera) en Chile” in which they reviewed the taxonomy, morphology, and biology of the family in general, and of the Chilean taxa in particular. The state of knowledge of Chilean species and future directions for research were discussed (
We conducted a survey of the Chilean aquatic Dryopoidea during 2002–2008, and in the process, discovered an undescribed species of Psephenidae. The primary objectives of this paper are to further clarify the taxonomy of Tychepsephus, including the proposal of a new synonymy, to describe the new species and redescribe the type species, and to provide new biological, ecological, and geographical information.
CONOCET CONICET-UNPSJB, Chubut, Argentina
MCZC Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
The following abbreviations are used in the text: morph = morphotype; AB = larval abdominal segment; Ec. = Ectopria; Eu. = Eubrianax; lin. = lines (obsolete, small English unit of length, varying from 1/10–1/40 in.); Pte. = Puente (Spanish for “bridge”); WDS = William D. Shepard.
Aquatic sampling of small rivers and streams was conducted during four trips to Chile during the austral summer (December through March) in 2002, 2002–2003, 2007, and 2008. Larvae were collected from the substrate of watercourses by disturbing the gravel and cobbles upstream from an aquatic net. Adult specimens were swept or beaten from adjacent riparian vegetation. Specimens were preserved in vials of ethanol.
In total, 103 adult specimens of Tychepsephus were examined during the study and are, or will be, deposited in the various institutions listed above. The larval specimens were not counted, but several hundred were collected. Only one pupa was examined. All larvae and the pupa will be deposited in the
An American Optical Spencer stereo microscope fitted with a calibrated ocular grid was used for examination and measurement of specimens, as well as a Leica MZ 125 stereomicroscope fitted with a micrometer. Measurements of total body length represent the length of the pronotum plus the length of the elytra, excluding the head and the variable space between the pronotum and elytra. Measurements of body width include both elytra at their widest point. Specimens with separations between the elytra were not measured for width; therefore, the reported length and width measurements may have different “n” numbers. Genitalia from selected male and female specimens were dissected, examined, placed in genitalia vials containing a drop of glycerin and pinned beneath the point-mounted specimens. The terminology used to describe the larvae and pupa follows that of
Complete label data, not necessarily verbatim, are reported in the “Material examined” sections. Additional clarifying details not found on the labels are provided within square brackets “ []”. More complete locality data for all samples containing Tychepsephus are presented in Appendix
Habitus images by the authors were taken using a Visionary Digital BK Plus Lab System fitted with a Canon EOS 7D camera. Images of holotypes were provided by The Natural History Museum, London, UK and the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, as indicated in figure legends. Rachael Diaz-Bastin (California Academy of Sciences) took the genitalic images using a Syncroscopy AutoMontage system. Images were prepared and assembled into plates using Adobe PhotoShop Elements. Additional digital photographs were provided by Nicolás Román (CONICET), Mario Elgueta, Marcelo Guerrero (
SimpleMappr, a free internet program (
Eubria Latrielle, 1829
The following characters, in combination distinguishing the Eubriinae from the other four psephenid subfamilies, Afroeubriinae, Eubrianacinae, Psepheninae and Psephenoidinae, are for the most part taken from
The Eubriinae occur almost worldwide except in Antarctica and on some islands, including New Zealand. The subfamily is represented by 15 genera and 144 species (
See
In Chile, the only known psephenids are eubriines in the genus Tychepsephus, and the species currently named Eubrianax luteosignatus. The type of Eu. luteosignatus appears to be a eubriine, so it is likely misplaced in Eubrianax which is in the subfamily Eubrianacinae.
Tychepsephus Waterhouse, 1876: 15.
Ectopria (Chilectopria) Pic, 1947: 3–4, syn. nov.
Tychepselaphus: Philippi, 1887: 665, lapsus calami.
Tychepsephenus: Zaitzev, 1910: 4, lapsus calami.
Tychepsephenus: Blackwelder, 1944: 274, lapsus calami.
Tychepsephenus: Artigas, 1963: 6, lapsus calami.
Tychepsephenus: Moroni, 1985: 173, lapsus calami.
Tychepsephenus: Ashworth & Hoganson, 1987: 879, lapsus calami.
Tychepsephenus:
Tychepsephus felix Waterhouse, 1876, by monotypy.
The following characters used to distinguish Tychepsephus from the neotropical eubriine genera Dicranopselaphus, Eubria, and Neoeubria are for the most part taken from
Tychepsephus and the Australian genus Sclerocyphon are closely related sister genera which, in the adult stage, do not have many good characters to separate them. One obvious difference is that in Tychepsephus the apical margins of abdominal ventrites 2–4 are entire, whereas in Sclerocyphon they are serrate. Of course, there is also the geographical difference with each occurring on different continents: Tychepsephus in South America and Sclerocyphon in Australia.
A new morphological note is that males have a sperm pump composed of a heavily muscularized ejaculatory duct which is situated medially, anterior to the aedeagus, bent around itself in an S-shape and coming from the juncture of the paired testes. The sperm pump is as short as or shorter than the aedeagus.
The following characters used to distinguish Tychepsephus from the neotropical eubriine genera Dicranopselaphus, Eubria, and Neoeubria are for the most part taken from
Larval characters separating Tychepsephus from its Australian sister genus Sclerocyphon include the following: 1) setae on the posterior margin of the thoracic and abdominal tergites hair-like in Tychepsephus and absent in Sclerocyphon; 2) paired longitudinal rows of setae or sensillae near the dorsal midline in Sclerocyphon, but not in Tychepsephus; and 3) gin traps on the abdominal tergites of Sclerocyphon, but not on Tychepsephus.
Tychepsephus larvae were previously well-described by
Tychepsephus larval morph 1 (Fig.
Tychepsephus larval morph 2 (Fig.
The most obvious differences between the larval morphs are: 1) the presence on the dorsum of numerous dark tubercles, some in curvilinear patterns (morph 2); 2) the presence of pairs of large, prominent tubercles at the midline (morph 1); 3) the shape of AB IX tergite; and 4) the shape of the operculum. The dorsal morphology of larval morph 2 is quite variable in regard to the number and arrangement of tubercles and the amount of sculpturing. Because of this, it would not be surprising if another undescribed species is discovered with further sampling of the adult habitat.
Some larvae have an abundance of peritrich protozoans attached to the venter in a scattered fashion on both sclerites and membranes.
(pupa of larval morph 2) (Figs
This rare specimen was provided to WDS by Tomás Čekalović who collected it as a larva at Estero Nonguén in Concepción Province (Región VIII, Bío Bío) on 27 January 1996. He kept it alive for more than nine months until it pupated on 10 November 1996.
In comparison with sister genus Sclerocyphon, pupal characters separating the two genera include the following: 1) gin traps in Sclerocyphon but absent in Tychepsephus; 2) spiracle on abdominal paratergite II reduced in Tychepsephus but not in Sclerocyphon; 3) spiracles on all paratergites located at the anterior base in Tychepsephus but mid-dorsally in Sclerocyphon; 4) paratergites in Sclerocyphon much longer than in Tychepsephus; and 5) apex of abdominal segment IX with a median projection in Sclerocyphon but lacking in Tychepsephus. The latter two characters probably aid the pupa of Sclerocyphon in crawling out from under the larval exuvium (
In Chile, published localities describe Tychepsephus occurring from Peñaflor (Región Metropolitana) in central Chile (
Larval records from Provincia del Neuquén, Argentina, indicate that Tychepsephus also occurs on the east front of the Andes.
A summation of the locality data for adults and larvae reveals a geographic distribution of Tychepsephus in the middle third of Chile, including both the Andes and the Coast Range, and on the eastern front of the central Andes in Neuquén Province, Argentina (Appendices
The adults examined for this study were collected from November through January, during the austral summer. Larvae are present year-round. Tomás Čekalović collected larvae in January and August, and
We have collected larvae and/or adults of Tychepsephus across an elevational range of 15–1685 m at streams and rivers in Chile. In general, these watercourses were small to medium-sized and rather shallow, with moderate current, and with clear or often brown, tannin-stained water. This is in contrast to
Examples of the small to medium-sized streams and small, shallow rivers in which adult Tychepsephus have been collected by the authors, described below, include Río Colegual, Río Contaco, Río Oroco, and an unnamed tributary of the Río Blanco (Figs
Río Colegual (Fig.
Río Contaco (= Río Tranallaquín) (Fig.
Río Oroco at Puente Hondo, located east of Puerto Montt at an elevation of ~ 30 m, is small and shallow, with cool, brown-stained water and a sand and cobble substrate with aquatic moss.
An unnamed tributary of Río Blanco (Fig.
Tychepsephus felix
Waterhouse, 1876: 16 (original description).
Ectopria (Chilectopria) grandis Pic, 1947: 4, syn. nov.
The type locality was listed as only “Chili” on both the type specimen and in the species description. The female holotype specimen is housed in the
Tychepsephus felix, Holotype female, pinned. Chile: “Type [white, circular label with red border] // Chili [blue, circular label // 668 // Tychepsephus felix, C. Waterh. (Type.) // NHMUK015011475” (Fig.
Non-types (33). Chile: Region X, 3 km W of Nueva Braunau, Rio Colegual, 30 XII 2002 (WDS-A-1502) [on reverse], William D. Shepard, leg. (
Males of T. felix (Figs
In contrast, males of T. cekalovici sp. nov. (Figs
The aedeagi (Figs
Females of T. felix (Figs
(Fig.
Ovate, convex, glossy, dark pitch black, bronzy; fine, short, grey pubescence. Head yellow, rather wide, narrow between antennae, eyes prominent, antennal bases yellow. Thorax slightly convex, densely finely punctate, length twice width, suddenly narrowed anteriorly, frontal margin slightly lobed in middle, both sides sinuate, anterior angles somewhat prominent, sides slightly rounded behind middle, posterior angles almost right-angled, edges narrowly yellow. Scutellum yellow, apex acute. Elytral bases slightly wider than thorax, enlarged posteriorly, arched at apex, narrowed, convex, more clearly finely punctured, dorsum depressed; humeri obtuse, with edges narrowly yellow. Venter with densely grey pubescence, tarsi pitch black-yellow. Length 2.75 lin., width 2 lin.
Male (Figs
The sizes of males and females overlap: males, 4.6–5.2 mm long (n = 6), 2.8–3.5 mm wide (n = 5); females 4.3–5.7 mm long (n = 10), 2.9–3.7 wide (n = 5); but the largest specimens are female. Most males (Fig.
Tychepsephus felix is known only from Chile. Adults have been collected mainly in Región X (Los Lagos), but also in regions VIII (Bío Bío), IX (Araucanía), and XIV (Los Ríos) (M. Elgueta, in litt.), in both the Andean and the coastal mountain areas (Fig.
Tychepsephus felix adults were found in habitats as described for the genus. Specimens were collected by sweeping marginal vegetation along streams during the austral summer (Fig.
Elmidae: Larainae: Hydora annectans Spangler & Brown, 1981, H. lenta Spangler & Brown, 1981; Elminae: Austrolimnius Carter & Zeck, 1929, Luchoelmis Spangler & Staines, 2004, Neoelmis sissicollis (Germain, 1892). Both T. felix and T. cekalovici sp. nov. occurred at Río Colegual.
The species was described by
The female type of Ectopria (Chilectopria) grandis Pic, 1947 (Fig.
Chile: Región X (Los Lagos), 3.5 rd. km W of Nueva Braunau, Puente Colegual, Río Colegual, -41.3264°, -73.1225°, 158 m, sweeping riparian vegetation, 8 January 2003, William D. Shepard leg. (Fig.
Holotype
male, pinned. “CHILE: Region X / 9 km E Loncotoro / 8 I 2003 650' / Pte Colegual 2 [Río Colegual] (WDS-A-1519) [on reverse] // William D. Shepard, leg. // [genitalia in vial below specimen] // HOLOTYPE / Tychepsephus / cekalovici / Shepard & Barr [red handwritten label]”. Deposited in the
Paratypes (67). Chile: Region X, 3 km W Nueva Braunau, Rio Colegual, 30 XII 2002 (WDS-A-1502) [on reverse], William D. Shepard, leg. (9;
Males of T. cekalovici sp. nov. (Figs
In contrast, males of T. felix (Figs
The aedeagi (Figs
Like the males, females of T. cekalovici sp. nov. (Figs
Male (Figs
Males are smaller than females: males, 3.3–3.9 mm long, 2.0–2.6 mm wide (n = 19); females, 4.3–4.7 mm long, 2.1–3.0 mm wide (n = 7). The elytral cuticle of males is yellow, yellow-brown, or brown with dark brown patterning (Figs
Eggs spherical, 0.2 mm diameter (n = 10); flattened on one side; chorion with tiny dimples.
The trivial name, cekalovici, honors the late Tomás Čekalović, who was an outstanding coleopterist, arachnologist, and field biologist from Concepción, Chile (
Tychepsephus cekalovici sp. nov. is known only from Chile. Adults have been collected in Región VII (del Maule), Región VIII (Bío Bío) (M. Elgueta, in litt.), Region XIV (Los Ríos), and Región X (Los Lagos), in both the Andean and the coastal mountain areas (Fig.
Tychepsephus cekalovici sp. nov. adults were found in habitats as described under the genus Tychepsephus (see above). Adults were collected by sweeping marginal vegetation along streams and small, shallow rivers during the austral summer (Figs
Elmidae: Larainae: Hydora annectans, H. lenta; Elminae: Austrolimnius, Luchoelmis, Neoelmis sissicollis. Both T. cekalovici sp. nov. and T. felix occurred at Río Colegual.
“Chili”.
Holotype. Chile: “Chili // type // Eubrianax luteosignatus nsp // 314 // coll Germain [lavender label] // TYPE [red label]” (Fig.
Eubrianax is a Holarctic element that is not expected to occur in Chile. When the type of Eubrianax luteosignatus (Fig.
We know of two larval specimens of an unknown genus and species of Eubriinae from Chile, one in the
One larva resembling Tychepsephus (larval morph 2) (Fig.
To verify the taxonomic identity of larvae, one must either collect associated adults, conduct DNA studies, or rear larvae to adulthood. Larvae, if present, are present continuously, but adults are short-lived so the timing of sampling is important if one is to collect adults. Although we visited Chile during the summer when adults are present, our sampling regimen was weighted towards aquatics, and the riparian habitat was not as well-collected. During the 120 collection events, we collected hundreds of larvae in approximately one third of the events (44 times), but adults at only six events at five localities (Fig.
Larval morph 2 (Fig.
Association of specific larval morphs of Tychepsephus with particular species could be accomplished by either DNA barcoding or by rearing late-instars through to adulthood. Rearing would require holding late-instars (probably collected in November) until they pupate and emerge as adults (likely in December or January). No special equipment would be required. They could be reared in sealable plastic containers that retain humidity, along with some suitable substrate for pupation.
The Chilean psephenid fauna currently includes three, or perhaps four, eubriine species: two species of Tychepsephus, T. felix (including Ec. (Chilectopria) grandis syn. nov.) and T. cekalovici sp. nov., one species currently known as Eubrianax luteosignatus, and one unidentified eubriine larva (Figs
Tychepsephus has been thought to be endemic to Chile, but older literature records and a recent larval collection from Argentina (Fig.
The Psephenidae of South America are poorly known and problematic. The monospecific eubriine genus Neoeubria occurs in Colombia (W. D. Shepard, unpublished data), Ecuador, and Costa Rica (
Special recognition goes to the late Tomás Čekalović † (Concepción, Chile) for introducing WDS to Tychepsephus and for collecting some of the specimens used in this study. We originally hoped to have included him as a coauthor. We thank Keita Matsumoto (
Chilean localities where Tychepsephus was collected by the authors. Sites where adult specimens were collected are marked with an asterisk, *. Region designations are as at the time of the collection.
Región VIII, Bío Bío (some of these are now in Región XVI, Ñuble)
Termas de Chillan area (road to ski lift), unnamed stream, 5530 ft, 10 I 2002, 36°55'02"S, 71°25'45"W, larvae (WDS-A-1432)
Termas de Chillan area (across road to Cueva Los Pincheira), Estero Renegado, 4100 ft, 10 I 2002, 36°53'46"S, 71°33'03"W, larvae (WDS-A-1434)
Cueva Las Pincheira, unnamed stream, 4100 ft, 10 I 2002, 36°53'46"S, 71°33'03"W, larvae (WDS-A-1435)
Puente San Jorge, 3 km NW Predio San Jorge, Río Culenco, 1780 ft, 11 I 2002, 37°15'30"S, 72°56'00"W, larvae (WDS-A-1438)
Región IX, Araucanía
Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta, picnic area, Estero Pehuenco, 3656 ft, 12 I 2002, 37°49'47"S, 73°00'32"W, larvae (WDS-A-1439)
Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta, picnic area, Estero Pehuenco, 3659 ft, 5 I 2003, 37°49.702'S, 73°00.622'W, larvae (WDS-A-1732)
Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta, Estero Los Gringos, 4167 ft, 12 I 2007, 37°48'21"S, 73°00'45"W, larvae (WDS-A-1440)
Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta, Estero Los Gringos, 4043 ft, 5 I 2007, 37°48.517'S, 73°01.000'W, larva (WDS-A-1733)
14 road km east of P. N. Nahuelbuta, Puente El Manzana, Río Piculquén, 2850 ft, 12 I 2002, 37°48'42"S, 72°52'41"W, larva (WDS-A-1441)
1 road km NE Puente El Manzana, unnamed trib. to Río Piculquén,2960 ft, 12 I 2002, 37°47'51"S, 72°51'20"W, larvae (WDS-A-1442)
19 road km E Victoria, Puente Quino, Río Quino, 2080 ft, 13 I 2002, 38°17'21"S, 72°10'00"W, larvae (WDS-A-1443)
33 road km E Victoria, Puente Huillinlebu, 2720 ft, 13 I 2002, 38°19'05"S, 72°00'49"W, larvae (WDS-A-1444)
42 km E Victoria, Puente Rari Ruca, 2740 ft, 13 I 2002, 38°20'13"S, 71°58'15"W, larvae (WDS-A-1445)
Parque Nacional Huerquehue, Refugio Tinquilco parking area,unnamed stream, 3640 ft, 15 I 2002, 39°09'27"S, 71°42'52"W, larva (WDS-A-1452)
3–4 km S Paillaco, Puente Huepil, Río Liucura, 2440 ft, 15 I 2002, 39°13'57"S, 71°45'20"W, larvae (WDS-A-1454)
Región X, Los Lagos (some of these are now in Región XIV, Los Ríos)
4 km SE Coñaripe, Río Llancahue (tributary of Lago Calafquen), ~ 39°34'52"S, 71°57'28"W, 16 I 2002, larva
Parque Nacional Puyehue, 7 km S Aguas Calientes, Río Nauto, 3130 ft, 17 I 2002, 40°45'25"S, 72°17'42"W, larvae (WDS-A-1460)
ca. 3 km SW Ensenada at Highway 225, unnamed stream, 1340 ft, 18 I 2002, 41°14'03"S, 72°36'03"W, larvae (WDS-A-1462)
3 km W Nueva Braunau, 13 km west Puerto Varas, Puente Colegual, Río Colegual, 1200 ft, 18 I 2002, 41°19'34"S, 73°07'20"W, larvae (WDS-A-1463)
*3 km W Nueva Braunau, Río Colegual, 30 XII 2002, 41°19.58'S, 73°07.35"W, adults (WDS-A-1502)
*3 km W Nueva Braunau, Río Colegual, 8 I 2003, 41°19.58'S, 73°07.35"W, adults
8 km W Loncotoro, unnamed stream, 1270 ft, 19 I 2002, 41°18'01"S, 73°18'27"W, larvae (WDS-A-1464)
9 km E Loncotoro, Puente Colegual 2, Río Colegual, 700 ft, 19 I 2002, 41°16'30"S, 73°06'31"W, larvae (WDS-A-1465)
*9 km E Loncotoro, Puente Colegual 2, Río Colegual, 700 ft, 8 I 2003, 41°16.51'S, 73°06.52'W, adults (WDS-A-1519)
Isla Chiloé, 13 road km W Chacao, Río Huicha, 1000 ft, 19 I 2002, 41°52'51"S, 73°39'29"W, larvae (WDS-A-1466)
Isla Chiloé, 5 km N Lago Tarahuín, unnamed stream, 180 ft, 20 I 2002, 42°40'30"S, 73°47'46"W, larva (WDS-A-1467)
Isla Chiloé, 1 road km E Cucao, Puente Curahuelvo, unnamed stream, 50 ft, 21 I 2002, 42°38'31"S, 74°05'38"W, larvae (WDS-A-1469)
Isla Chiloé, Parque Tepuhueico, Río Bravo, 68 ft, 3 III 2008, 42°44.392'S, 73°57.611'W, larvae (WDS-A-1781)
Corral, 2 km SE Aguada, Estero La Aguada, 160 ft, 22 I 2002, 39°54'07"S, 73°25'16"W, larvae (WDS-A-1471)
14 road km SE Corral, Puente Central, Estero Los Llanos, 120 ft, 22 I 2002, 39°57'21"S, 73°22'28"W, larvae (WDS-A-1472)
20 road km SE Corral, Puente Las Romazas, Estero de la Romaza, 60 ft, 22 I 2002, 39°57'41"S, 73°19'33"W, larvae (WDS-A-1473)
*10 km NE Chamiza, Puente Hondo (Río Oroco), 420 ft, 31 XII 2002, 41°28.83'S, 72°48.20'W, adults (WDS-A-1504)
5 km NE Chamiza, Río Chamiza, 360 ft, 31 XII 2002, 41°26.57'S, 72°49.19'W, larvae (WDS-A-1506)
1 km N Contao, Puente Zambo, 440 ft, 1 I 2003, 41°48.30'S, 72°42.72'W, larvae (WDS-A-1507)
*4 km S Contao, Puente Puñon, 850 ft, 1 I 2003, 41°49.84'S, 72°41.95'W, adult elytron (WDS-A-1508)
*6 km E Contaco, Puente Contaco, Río Contaco, 520 ft, 9 I 2003, 40°35.91'S, 73°29.67'W, adult and larvae (WDS-A-1521)
6 km W Contaco, Puente El Avion, 470 ft, 9 I 2003, 40°35.04'S, 73°37.52'W, larvae (WDS-A-1522)
8 km E Puerto Austral, Puente Queche, 640 ft, 1 I 2003, 41°58.58'S, 72°39.72'W, larvae (WDS-A-1510)
*12 km S Caleta Gonzalo, unnamed stream (trib. Río Blanco), 520 ft, 3 I 2003, 42°49.34'S, 72°42.73'W, adult and larvae (WDS-A-1511)
13 km S Caleta Gonzalo, Puente Camahueto No. 1, 600 ft, 3 I 2003, 42°49.55'S, 72°43.44'W, larvae (WDS-A-1512)
3 km S El Amarillo, unnamed tributary of Río Yelcho, 4 I 2003, ~260 ft, 43°02.29'S, 72°28.23'W, larvae
Chaihuin, Reserva Costera Valdiviana, unnamed stream, 686 ft, 12 I 2007, 39°59.884'S, 73°38.901'W, larva (WDS-A-1734)
Chaihuin, Reserva Costera Valdiviana, unnamed stream, 686 ft, 26 II 2008, 39°58.179'S, 73°34.225'W, larvae (WDS-A-1780)
Región XI, Aysén
6 km N La Junta, unnamed stream, 590 ft, 4 I 2003, 43°55.34'S, 72°22.66'W, larvae (WDS-A-1515)
3 km S La Junta, unnamed stream, 610 ft, 4 I 2003, 43°59.69'S, 72°24.74'W, larvae (WDS-A-1516)
These Tychepsephus locality records are from the literature and museum specimen data, not including that cited in the Material examined sections. Where available, citations include geographic location, date, collector, life stage, and source of information. Region designations are as at the time of collection.
CHILE
Región Metropolitana
Chile, Peñaflor, 24 Sep 1896, (larva) (crustacéiforme de Pseudo-Névroptère) (
Región VII, Maule
Chile, RN Altos del Lircay, Las Majadillas, 6–9 Dic. 2005, Alejandro Vera (T. cekalovici) (
Chile, Fundo El Rosal, Constitución, 16–30 Oct 1994, G. Arriagada (T. cekalovici) (
Chile, Parque Nacional Los Ruiles (larva) (
Chile, Tregualemu (larva) (
Región VIII, Bío Bío
Chile, Arauco, Laraquete, Río “Los Cruces”, 11 Oct 1958, Fidel Jeldis (larva) (
Chile, Cordillera de Chillán, Cueva de los Pincheira, 22 Jul 1962, J. Stuardo y G. Sanhuea (larvae) (
Chile, Cordillera Chillán, Pte. Marchant, 15 Ene 1978, Vidal-Taima (T. cekalovici) (
Chile, Tomé, Río Collén, 21 Abr 1960, André Hulot (larvae) (
Chile, Chile, Ñuble, Quirihue, Ene 1988, G. Moreno (T. felix) (
Chile, Parque Nacional Tolhuaca (larva) (
Región IX, Araucanía
Chile, Malleco, PN Conguillío, 20 Dic 1924, F. Ledesma (Ectopria grandis) (
Región XIV, Los Ríos
Chile, Valdivia, 6 Dic 1980, E. Krahmer (T. felix) (
Chile, Valdivia, 8 Dic 1980, E. Krahmer (T. cekalovici) (
Chile, Valdivia, Sto. Domingo, 13 Dic 1981, E. Krahmer (T. cekalovici) (
Chile, Valdivia, Sto. Domingo, 16 Dic 1984, E. Krahmer (T. cekalovici) (
Chile, Valdivia, Santo Domingo, 1/15 Dic 1981, E. Krahmer (T. felix) (
ARGENTINA
Argentina, Provincia del Neuquén, Río Negro basin (larva) (Ectopria (Chilectopria) grandis) (
Argentina, Provincia del Neuquén, Río Meliquina (larva) (Chilectopria grandis) (