Research Article |
Corresponding author: Jérôme Constant ( jerome.constant@naturalsciences.be ) Corresponding author: Thai Hong Pham ( phamthai1976@yahoo.com ) Academic editor: Ilia Gjonov
© 2023 Jérôme Constant, Thai Hong Pham.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Constant J, Pham TH (2023) Parahiraciini planthoppers with elongate head from Vietnam: a new genus and species Pumatiracia venosa gen. et sp. nov. and first record of Laohiracia acuta Constant, 2021 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae). ZooKeys 1166: 103-119. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1166.101444
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The new genus Pumatiracia gen. nov. is described to accommodate a new species, P. venosa gen. et sp. nov. from Pu Mat National Park in Vietnam. The new genus is placed in the subtribe Parahiraciina of the Parahiraciini. It is compared with the genera Laohiracia Constant, 2021, Macrodarumoides Che, Zhang et Wang, 2012, Pseudochoutagus Che, Zhang et Wang, 2011, and Rostrolatum Che, Zhang et Wang, 2020 with which it shares possessing an elongate head. Illustrations of habitus, details, and male genitalia are given as well as a distribution map and photographs of the habitat. Laohiracia acuta Constant, 2021 is recorded for the first time from Vietnam, Pu Luong National Park; living specimens and habitat are illustrated, and the distribution map updated. The Parahiraciini fauna of Vietnam now comprises 14 species belonging to 11 genera.
Biodiversity, Fulgoroidea, Indochina
The tribe Parahiraciini Cheng & Yang, 1991 is mostly distributed in the Oriental Region and counts 29 genera (including one fossil, Bolbossus Gnezdilov & Bourgoin, 2016) and 96 species (including the fossil Bolbossus bervoetsi (Gnezdilov & Bourgoin, 2016)) (
Study of the recent material of Issidae in the collection of
The present paper aims to describe a new genus within Parahiraciina to accommodate this new species and compare it with the other genera with an elongate head among the Parahiraciina, and provide the record of an additional genus and species for the fauna of Vietnam.
The genitalia were extracted after soaking the abdomen for some hours in a 10% solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) at room temperature. The pygofer was separated from the abdomen and the aedeagus dissected with a needle blade for examination. The whole was then placed in glycerin for preservation in a tube attached to the pin of the corresponding specimen. Photographs of collection specimens were taken with a Leica EZ4W stereo-microscope, stacked with CombineZ software, and optimized with Adobe Photoshop software; photographs from the field were taken with an Olympus Tough 6 camera. The map was produced with SimpleMappr (
The measurements were taken as in
BB maximum breadth of the body;
BF maximum breadth of the frons;
BTg maximum breadth of the tegmen;
BV maximum breadth of the vertexmaximum breadth of the vertex;
LF length of the frons at median line;
LT total length (apex of head to apex of tegmina);
LTg length of the tegmen;
LV length of the vertex at median line.
Acronyms used for the collections:
Family Issidae Spinola, 1839
Subfamily Issinae Spinola, 1839
Tribe Parahiraciini Cheng & Yang, 1991
Bardunia curvinaso Gnezdilov, 2011
Brevicopius gorochovi Gnezdilov, 2017
Brevicopius jianfenglingensis (Chen, Zhang & Chang, 2014)
Flavina acuta Ran & Liang, 2006
Fortunia byrrhoides (Walker, 1858)
Fortunia viridis (Lallemand, 1942)
Gelastyrella litaoensis Yang, 1994
Laohiracia acuta Constant, 2021
Pseudochoutagus rubens Gnezdilov & Constant, 2012
Pumatiracia venosa gen. et sp. nov.
Pusulissus phiaoacensis Bourgoin & Wang, 2020
Tetricodes pacoensis Vanslembrouck & Constant, 2018
Tetricodes tamdaoensis Vanslembrouck & Constant, 2018
Thabena frontocolorata Gnezdilov, 2015
Note. All Vietnamese Parahiraciini belong to the subtribe Parahiraciina (
This subtribe was defined by
Pumatiracia venosa gen. et sp. nov. by present designation.
The genus can be separated from all other Parahiraciini genera by the following combination of characters:
Head
: (Figs
Thorax
: (Figs
Tegmina: (Figs
Venation: ScP+R moderately developed, forking into subparallel ScP+RA and RP; MP forking at ~ ¾ of tegmen length; CuA forked slightly after half of clavus length; CuA1+2 forked close to its base; CuA1, CuA2 and CuA3 subparallel, with CuA1 merging distally with MP2; Pcu fused with A1 at ¾ of clavus length; Pcu+A1 fused with CuP slightly before apex of clavus.
Hind wings: (Figs
Venation: main veins present; ScP+R, MP and CuA running more or less parallel, slightly diverging towards apex, with numerous cross-veins; Pcu strongly curved around basal third of wing towards CuP but not reaching the latter; A1 curved, more or less parallel to postclaval margin; CuP-Pcu-A1 lobe with numerous cross-veins.
Legs: (Fig.
Terminalia
♂: (Fig.
Pumatiracia venosa gen. et sp. nov., holotype, terminalia ♂ A–E pygofer, gonostyli and anal tube A lateral view B posterolateral view C dorsal view D ventral view E posterior view F–L aedeagus, phallobase and connective F left lateral view G left lateroventral view H dorsal view I apical portion, anterodorsal view J ventral view K posteroventral view L anteroventral view.
The new genus name is formed by the combination of Pu Mat, referring to the National Park where the new genus was found, and hiracia, which is the same ending as in Parahiracia Ouchi, 1940 (synonymized by
Vietnam.
Holotype ♂, Vietnam • Nghe An Province, Pu Mat National Park; 18°59'N, 104°40'E; 4–9.VII.2017; [sweeping]; GTI project; leg. J. Constant & J. Bresseel; I.G.: 33.498;
Only species in the genus. The shape of the vertex, 1.2 ×longer than broad, and characters of the male terminalia, are probably relevant diagnostic characters to recognize the species, e.g., the gonostyli strongly projecting posteriorly in lateral view and with a dorsal process strongly elongate dorsad, the widely subtriangular anal tube (in dorsal aspect) and the shape of the ventral processes of the aedeagus.
Measurements and ratios : LT: ♂ (n = 1): 8.86 mm. Lt/BB = 2.12; LTg/BTg = 2.74; LW/BW = 1.50; LV/BV = 1.2; LF/BF = 1.86.
Head
: (Fig.
Thorax
: (Fig.
Tegmina: (Figs
Venation: (Fig.
Hind wings: (Figs
Venation: main veins present; ScP+R, MP and CuA running more or less parallel, slightly diverging towards apex, with numerous cross-veins; Pcu strongly curved around basal third of wing towards CuP but not reaching the latter: A1 curved, more or less parallel to postclaval margin; CuP-Pcu-A1 lobe with numerous cross-veins.
Legs: (Fig.
Abdomen
: (Fig.
Terminalia
♂: (Figs
The species epithet venosus is a Latin adjective meaning ‘relating to the veins’ and refers to the raised veins of the tegmina in this species.
The species was found in subtropical forest (Fig.
Vietnam, Nghe An Province, Pu Mat National Park (Fig.
The color of living specimens is probably brighter green than in collection specimens, as shown for example for Laohiracia Constant, 2021 (compare Fig.
Laohiracia Constant, 2021: 5. Type species: Laohiracia acuta Constant, 2021 by original designation.
Laohiracia acuta Constant, 2021: 8, figs 1–4.
The species was described from Laos, Hua Phan province, Mt Phu Pane, 900–1600 m. It is here recorded from Vietnam for the first time.
Vietnam • 2♂♂, 3♀♀; Thanh Hoa Province, Pu Luong National Park; 20°27'48"N, 105°07'38"E; 5–10 Aug. 2022; 1700 m; [sweeping]; GTI project; leg. J. Constant, J. Bresseel & L. Semeraro; I.G.: 34.518;
The species was found in mountain forest (Fig.
(Fig.
The new genus Pumatiracia gen. nov. is one of the few Parahiraciina genera with an elongate head (vertex). Within the subtribe, only four other genera share the condition of an elongate head: Laohiracia Constant, 2021, Macrodarumoides Che, Zhang & Wang, 2012, Pseudochoutagus Che, Zhang & Wang, 2011 and Rostrolatum Che, Zhang & Wang, 2020 (
The new genus also shows some similarities with the genus Flavina Stål, 1861, of which the type species, F. granulata Stål, 1861 was illustrated in
Together with the taxa added in this paper, the Vietnamese fauna of Parahiraciini counts 14 species in 11 genera. Although Vietnamese Parahiraciini are highly endemic at species level, nine of the 11 genera are shared with China and one with Laos, leaving one endemic genus for the country, Pumatiracia gen. nov.; four genera (Bardunia Stål, 1863, Flavina Stål, 1861, Fortunia Distant, 1909 and Thabena Stål, 1866) even show a wider distribution in the Oriental Region with Thabena being recorded as far West as in Indian Ocean islands (
We thank Mrs Nguyen Thi Man, Mr Van Dat Nguyen, Mr Thanh Trung Vu, Ms Thi Thu Hoai Nguyen (
No conflict of interest was declared.
No ethical statement was reported.
Global Taxonomy Initiative project “A step further in the Entomodiversity of Vietnam”, supported through a grant issued by the capacity building Programme of the Belgian Global Taxonomy Initiative National Focal Point that runs under the CEBioS programme with financial support from the Belgian Directorate-General for Development Cooperation (DGD). The present study was also funded by the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) under the grant number NCXS02.04/22-23.
Conceptualization, J.C.; Funding acquisition, J.C. and T.H.P.; Investigation, J.C.; Methodology, J.C. and T.H.P.; Project administration, J.C. and T.H.P.; Supervision, J.C.; Validation, J.C. and T.H.P.; Writing – original draft, J.C.; Writing – review and editing, J.C. and T.H.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Jérôme Constant https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0254-0863
Thai Hong Pham https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4763-3679
All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text or Supplementary Information.