Research Article |
Corresponding author: Recep Sulhi Özkütük ( sozkutuk@anadolu.edu.tr ) Academic editor: Shuqiang Li
© 2016 Recep Sulhi Özkütük, Yuri M. Marusik, Mert Elverici, Kadir Kunt.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Özkütük RS, Marusik YM, Elverici M, Kunt KB (2016) A new species of Lathys from Turkey (Araneae, Dictynidae). ZooKeys 632: 35-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.632.10130
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A new species, Lathys ankaraensis sp. n., is described based on the material collected in the Central Anatolia. The new species belongs to the humilis-group. Habitus, as well as copulatory organs of both sexes, are described and illustrated by means of line drawings and digital and SEM photographs. A key for the four Lathys species known in Turkey is also provided.
Aranei , Asia, Central Anatolia, meshweb spiders
Lathys Simon, 1884 with 45 known species, is one of the largest genera of Dictynidae distributed chiefly in the Holarctic (
The goal of this paper is to provide a description of the new species together with notes comparing the two sibling species.
Examined specimens were collected from the Central Anatolia region of Turkey by using a litter reducer (Fig.
The following abbreviations were used in the text:
Fe femur
Me metatarsus
Pa patella
Ta tarsus
Ti tibia
Depositories:AUZM,
Drawings 8–16 and 17–21 are made by M. Kovblyuk and Z. Kastrygina.
Holotype ♂ (AUZM) Ankara Province, Çankaya Disctrict, Türkkonut, Dodurga Village (40°0'26.01"N; 32°35'23.78"E), 1090 m, 27 May 2012, M. Elverici leg. Paratypes 6♂, 13♀ (AUZM); ♂, 2♀ (
The specific name is a toponym that refers to the type locality, Ankara, capital city of the Republic of Turkey.
Lathys ankaraensis sp. n. belongs to the humilis species group represented by two species in the West Palaearctic, L. humilis (Blackwall, 1855) and L. nielseni (Schenkel, 1932). It can be distinguished from the congeners by a combination of the following characters: having white guanine spots on dorsum of abdomen (absent in L. nielseni), longer copulatory ducts (Cd) with a series of loops (Figs
Male palps of Lathys ankaraensis sp. n. (8–11), L. humilis (from Turkey 12–15) and L. stigmatisata (from Crimea 16). 8, 13 prolateral 9, 12 ventral 10, 14, 16 retrolateral 11, 15 tibia, tip of conductor and base of cymbium, dorso-retrolateral. Abbreviations: Da dorsal apophysis; Ra retrolateral apophysis; Sl loop of seminal duct; Tc posterior tip of conductor; Va ventral apophysis.
Male palps of Lathys ankaraensis sp. n. (31–35) and L. stigmatisata (from Crimea 36). 31 posterior-retrolateral 32 prolateral 33, 36 dorso-retrolateral 34 ventral 35 dorsal. Abbreviations: Da dorsal apophysis; Pc posterior arm of conductor; Ra retrolateral apophysis; Va ventral apophysis.
Measurements. Male. Holotype ♂: total length 2.00; carapace 1.00 long, 0.72 wide, 0.38 high; chelicerae 0.53 long. Paratypes ♂ (n=9): total length 1.78–2.36; carapace 0.72–1.20 long, 0.66–0.83 wide; 0.35–0.40 high; chelicerae 0.37–0.54 long.
Carapace dark greenishbrown. Cephalic region higher than thoracic region. Fovea distinct, blackish. Darkly colored crack-like pattern with indistinct borders apparent around fovea, at the corners of thoracic region and at the rear side of PME. Anterior eyes arranged in almost straight line. Chelicera color as carapace. Anterior surface of chelicera with irregularly distributed blackish setae of varying sizes, raised on small pits. Anterior margin of the cheliceral groove with four teeth, and posterior margin with three. Teeth on posterior margin smaller than anterior teeth, and almost identical in size to each other. Gnathocoxae yellowish brown, longer than wide, with sparsely distributed tiny, blackish, short setae on the surface. Labium trapezoid, slightly wider than long; darker in color compared to gnathocoxae. Sternum yellowish light brown, dark brown at the edges, with blackish setae on the surface varying in size especially towards the edges. Legs greyish light brown, with blackish setae in all segments, especially intense on ventral surfaces.
Posterior part of segments with dark rings.
Abdomen oval, with a characteristic pattern. Abdominal pattern forming a blackishbrown longitudinal band starting from the middle of the anterior side, barely reaching to the middle of abdomen, followed by five chevrons on the posterior. A variable dark colored pattern apparent onsides; tends to join with the first chevron at the anterior half. Apart from the specified patterns, dorsal side of abdomen grayish light brown, with variably distributed bright white spots. Ventral side of abdomen generally light in color, usually grayish, brown in some specimens.
Palp as in Figs
Female. Paratypes ♀ (n=10). Total length 1.90–2.60; carapace 0.54–0.80 long, 0.52–0.56 wide, 0.29–0.40 high; chelicerae 0.25–0.36 long.
Females slightly lighter than males. Crack-like blackish pattern on carapace much more distinct in females. Dorsal pattern on abdomen distinct but usually duller in color compared to males. Calamistrum with eight setae, slightly longer than half of metatarsus. Spines lower in number compared to males. For leg measurements see Table
Legs | Fe | Pa | Ti | Me | Ta | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
♂ / ♀ | ||||||
I | 0.83 / 0.66 | 0.33 / 0.27 | 0.75 / 0.52 | 0.63 / 0.43 | 0.33 / 0.29 | 2.87 / 2.15 |
II | 0.70 / 0.59 | 0.30 / 0.24 | 0.62 / 0.44 | 0.54 / 0.36 | 0.32 / 0.26 | 2.48 / 1.88 |
III | 0.61 / 0.50 | 0.26 / 0.22 | 0.40 / 0.32 | 0.48 / 0.32 | 0.30 / 0.22 | 2.05 / 1.55 |
IV | 0.67 / 0.63 | 0.27 / 0.25 | 0.58 / 0.47 | 0.51 / 0.46 | 0.30 / 0.26 | 2.33 / 2.04 |
Epigyne as in Figs
It seems that adult specimens of the new species can be found throughout the whole year. Lathys ankaraensis sp. n. was found exclusively in the litter under pine trees or oak bushes (Fig. 43).
The first record of the genus Lathys from Turkey has been provided with L. humilis from the Marmara region (Tekirdağ province; European part of Turkey; van
With description of L. ankaraensis, the number of Lathys species known from Turkey has increased to four and number of dictynid species to twenty (
Below a key to the species reported from Turkey is provided.
Males
1 | Abdomen with white guanine spots, patella with dorsal apophysis, the tip of conductor straight | 2 |
– | Abdomen without guanine spots, patella without apophysis, tip of conductor coiled | 3 |
2 | Tegulum with a prolateral-anterior thin loop of seminal duct (Fig. |
L. ankaraensis sp. n. |
– | Tegulum with an anterior broad loop of seminal duct (Fig. |
L. humilis |
3 | Palpal patella with dorsal conical outgrowth (Fig. |
L. stigmatisata |
– | Palpal patella without dorsal conical outgrowth, the terminal loop of conductor not wider than other loops | L. lehtineni |
Females
1 | Abdomen with white guanine spots, epigyne with one atrium, copulatory openings widely spaced | 2 |
– | Abdomen without white guanine spots, epigyne without atrium, but with two separate openings | 3 |
2 | Atrium with a septum (Fig. |
L. humilis |
– | Atrium without septum (Figs |
L. ankaraensis sp. n. |
3 | Copulatory openings small, spaced by approx. 1/2 diameters | L. lehtineni |
– | Copulatory openings large, separated by thin septum (Fig. |
L. stigmatisata |
This work was supported by the Research Foundation of Anadolu University (Project Number: 1503F093). We are deeply indebted to Dr. Müjdat Çağlar (Eskişehir, Turkey) for providing assistance during SEM photography. All drawings presented in this paper were made by Dr. Mykola Kovblyuk and Mrs. Zoya Kastrygina (Simferopol, Ukraine). The English of an earlier draft was corrected by Dr. Terry Howell (Ankara, Turkey).