Research Article |
Corresponding author: Xiang-Sheng Chen ( chenxs3218@163.com ) Academic editor: Christopher Majka
© 2023 Ri-Xin Jiang, Xiang-Sheng Chen.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Jiang R-X, Chen X-S (2023) Three new species of the genus Zaitzevia Champion, 1923 (Coleoptera, Elmidae) from China. ZooKeys 1174: 191-206. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101046
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Three new riffle beetles of the genus Zaitzevia Champion, 1923 are described from China, namely Zaitzevia sichuanensis sp. nov. and Zaitzevia fengtongzhaiensis sp. nov. from Sichuan Province, and Zaitzevia yingzuijieensis sp. nov. from Hunan Province. Habitus and diagnostic features of the new species are illustrated. A checklist of all known Chinese Zaitzevia species is given, and a key and distributional map of Zaitzevia species from the Chinese mainland are provided.
China, Elmidae, Macronychini, new species, riffle beetle
The Macronychini genus Zaitzevia Champion, 1923 includes 24 valid species that are distributed from East, Southeast, and Central Asia to North America (
Here, we add three new species of Zaitzevia to the Chinese fauna: Zaitzevia sichuanensis sp. nov. and Zaitzevia fengtongzhaiensis sp. nov. both from Sichuan Province, and Zaitzevia yingzuijieensis sp. nov. from Hunan Province. Diagnoses, descriptions, and illustrations of the new species are provided. A list of all known Chinese Zaitzevia species (Table
Species | Distribution |
---|---|
Zaitzevia formosana Nomura, 1963 | Taiwan |
Zaitzevia babai Nomura, 1963 | Taiwan |
Zaitzevia parallela Nomura, 1963 | Taiwan |
Zaitzevia tsushimana Nomura, 1963 | Jilin; Japan; Korea; Russia |
Zaitzevia chenzhitengi Jiang & Wang, 2020 | Sichuan, Yunnan, Shannxi |
Zaitzevia xiongzichuni Jiang & Wang, 2020 | Yunnan |
Zaitzevia tangliangi Jiang & Wang, 2021 | Hubei |
Zaitzevia muchenae Bian & Zhang, 2022 | Yunnan |
Zaitzevia reniformis Bian & Zhang, 2022 | Yunnan |
Zaitzevia gaoligongensis Bian & Zhang, 2022 | Yunnan |
Zaitzevia sichuanensis sp. nov. | Sichuan |
Zaitzevia fengtongzhaiensis sp. nov. | Sichuan |
Zaitzevia yingzuijieensis sp. nov. | Hunan |
The material examinedduring this work is deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China (GUGC).
Collecting data of the specimens are quoted verbatim. The Chinese translation of each locality below provincial level is included in parentheses at the first appearance in the text. Each type specimen bears the following label: ‘HOLOTYPE (red) (or PARATYPE (yellow)), ♂, Zaitzevia + specific name sp. nov., Jiang & Chen, 2023’.
Habitus images were taken using a Canon 5D Mark IV digital camera with an MP-E 65 mm f/2.8 1–5× macro lens. A Godox MF12 flash was used as the light source. Images of the morphological details were taken using a Canon 5D Mark IV digital camera in conjunction with a Mitutoyo Plan NIR 10 lens and a Godox MF12 flash was used as the light source or a Nikon SMZ25 stereoscopic microscope with a Nikon DS-Ri2 camera. Zerene Stacker (v. 1.04) was used for image stacking. All images were improved and grouped into plates in Adobe Photoshop CS5 Extended.
Morphological terminology and the format for the descriptions follow those of
(2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀) . Holotype: China: ♂, labeled ‘China: Sichuan, Ya’an City (雅安市), Muping Town (穆坪镇), Lengmugou Geopark (冷木沟地质公园), an unnamed stream, 30°22′25′′N, 102°48′52′′E; H: 935m, 25.07.2022, R.-X. Jiang & F.-E. Li leg.’ (GUGC). Paratype: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; 1 ♀, with the same label data as the holotype; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, labeled ‘Sichuan, Chengdu City (成都市), Dayi County (大邑县), Xiling Town (西岭镇), Xilingxueshan (西岭雪山), Jiaoziping (椒子坪), an unnamed stream, 30°40′12′′N, 103°15′07′E; H: 1350m, 21.07.2022, R.-X. Jiang & F.-E. Li leg.’ (GUGC).
Male. Body elongately elliptical (Fig.
Head
(Fig.
Diagnostic features of Zaitzevia sichuanensis sp. nov. A head, dorsal view B pronotum, dorsal view C elytra D prosternal process E metaventrite. Scale bars: 1 mm (C); 0.25 mm (A, B, D, E). Note: red arrow of C granulate carinae of elytra; red arrow of E impressions and median sulcus of metaventrite.
Pronotum (Fig.
Elytra
(Fig.
Metaventrite (Fig.
Disc of ventrites I–IV and anteriorly middle of ventrite V shiny, covered with small, sparse punctures, without plastron setae; other areas of ventrites covered with plastron setae. Apical area of ventrite V granulated, apical margin distinctly emarginate at middle.
Legs simple, femora swollen, surface covered with plastron setae; inner side of distal halves of tibiae with cleaning fringes; tarsi slightly shorter than tibiae; tarsal claws simple and strong.
Aedeagus
(Fig.
Measurements : CL: 3.29–3.35 mm; HL: 0.41–0.43 mm, HW: 0.56–0.59 mm; PL: 0.85–0.86 mm, PW: 0.91–0.97 mm; EL: 2.44–2.50 mm, EW: 1.24–1.32 mm.
Female: externally similar to the male, apex of sternite VIII rounded. Ovipositor as in Fig.
China: Central Sichuan Province.
All adults were collected from bottom crack of stone in small ravine stream (Fig.
The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Sichuan Province; the name is treated as an adjective.
Zaitzevia sichuanensis sp. nov. is more or less similar to Zaitzevia chenzhitengi Jiang & Wang, 2020 from Sichuan Province and Zaitzevia muchenae Bian & Zhang, 2022 from Yunnan Province. All three species share similar habitus, e. g. the relatively large and elongate oval body shape (both species > 3mm) and the wrinkled elytra. However, the new species can be well distinguished from Z. chenzhitengi by the following characters: 1) elytra weakly wrinkled (cf. distinctly wrinkled in Z. chenzhitengi); 2) different form of elytra (wider in the new species of male, 1.24–1.32 mm in the new species, 1.06 mm in Z. chenzhitengi); 3) different form of aedeagus (both two species with apex of median lobe arrowhead-like, but the median lobe shorter in Z. chenzhitengi, but much slender and with median lobe widely arrowhead in the new species); 4) different modification of areas between the lateral margins and the sublateral carinae (distinctly convex in the new species, and not convex in Z. chenzhitengi). The new species can be distinguished from Z. muchenae by the much longer and wider longitudinal impression of pronotum and the obviously different form of aedeagus.
(1 ♂, 1 ♀) . Holotype: China: ♂, labeled ‘China: Sichuan, Ya’an City (雅安市), Baoxing County (宝兴县), Fengtongzhai Township (蜂桶寨乡), Fengtongzhai N. R. (蜂桶寨国家级自然保护区), Dashuigou (大水沟), an unnamed stream, 30°35'18′′N, 102°52′24′′E; H: 1505m, 23.07.2022, R.-X. Jiang & F.-E. L. leg.’ (GUGC). Paratype: 1 ♀, with the same label data as the holotype (GUGC).
Male. Body elongately elliptical (Fig.
Head
(Fig.
Diagnostic features of Zaitzevia fengtongzhaiensis sp. nov. A head, dorsal view B pronotum, dorsal view C elytra D prosternal process E metaventrite. Scale bars: 1 mm (C); 0.25 mm (A, B, D, E). Note: red arrow of C granulate carinae of elytra; red arrow of E impressions and median sulcus of metaventrite.
Pronotum
(Fig.
Elytra
(Fig.
Metaventrite
(Fig.
Disc of ventrites I–IV and anteriorly middle of ventrite V shiny, covered with sparse small punctures, without plastron setae; other areas of ventrites covered with plastron setae. Apical area of ventrite V granulated, apical margin distinctly emarginate at middle.
Legs simple, femora swollen, surface covered with plastron setae; inner half of tibiae with cleaning fringes; tarsi slightly shorter than tibiae; tarsal claws simple.
Aedeagus
(Fig.
Measurements : CL: 3.51 mm; HL: 0.47 mm, HW: 0.57 mm; PL: 0.87 mm, PW: 0.96 mm; EL: 2.64 mm, EW: 1.32 mm.
Female: externally similar to the male, apex of sternite V rounded. Ovipositor as in Fig.
China: Central Sichuan Province.
All adults were collected from a crack in the bottom of a stone in a small ravine stream (Fig.
The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Fengtongzhai Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province; the name is treated as an adjective.
Zaitzevia fengtongzhaiensis sp. nov. is similar to Zaitzevia chenzhitengi Jiang & Wang, 2020, Zaitzevia sichuanensis sp. nov. and Zaitzevia muchenae Bian & Zhang, 2022, and all four of these species share a similar habitus. The new species can be well distinguished from Z. chenzhitengi by the following characters: 1) different body size (> 3.30mm in the new species, 3.03–3.20 mm in Z. chenzhitengi); 2) elytra weakly wrinkled (cf. distinctly wrinkled in Z. chenzhitengi); 3) obviously different form of aedeagus (apex of median lobe arrowhead-like in Z. chenzhitengi, but simply acute in the new species). Compared with Z. sichuanensis sp. nov., areas between lateral margins and sublateral carinae not convex in the new species, and distinctly convex in Z. sichuanensis sp. nov., these two species also can be distinguished by the obviously different from of aedeagus (see Fig.
(7 ♂, 1 ♀) . Holotype: China: ♂, labeled ‘China: Hunan, Huaihua City (怀化市), Huitong County (会同县), Yingzuijie N. R. (鹰嘴界国家级自然保护区), light trap, H: ~400m, 02.08.2022, J.-H. Huang leg.’ (GUGC). Paratype: 6 ♂♂, 1 ♀, with the same label data as the holotype (GUGC).
Male. Body elongately elliptical (Fig.
Head
(Fig.
Diagnostic features of Zaitzevia yingzuijieensis sp. nov. A head, dorsal view B pronotum, dorsal view C elytra D prosternal process E metaventrite. Scale bars: 1 mm (C); 0.25 mm (A, B, D, E). Note: red arrow of C granulate carinae of elytra; red arrow of E impressions and median sulcus of metaventrite.
Pronotum
(Fig.
Elytra
(Fig.
Metaventrite
(Fig.
Disc of ventrites I–IV and anteriorly middle of ventrite V shiny, covered with sparse small punctures, without plastron setae, other areas of ventrites covered with plastron setae. Apical area of ventrite V granulated, apical margin distinctly emarginate at middle.
Legs simple, femora swollen, surface covered with plastron setae; inner half of tibiae with cleaning fringes; tarsi about as long as tibiae; tarsal claws simple.
Aedeagus
(Fig.
Measurements : CL: 2.33–2.38 mm; HL: 0.28–0.30 mm, HW: 0.40–0.41 mm; PL: 0.56–0.58 mm, PW: 0.74–0.76 mm; EL: 1.77–1.80 mm, EW: 0.91–0.93 mm.
Female: externally similar to the male, apex of sternite V rounded. Ovipositor as in Fig.
China: Southwest Hunan Province.
Habitat of Zaitzevia species A general environment of the type locality of Z. sichuanensis sp. nov.: Lengmugou Geopark B ditto, microenvironment C general environment of paratype: Xilingxueshan D ditto, microenvironment E general environment of the type locality of Zaitzevia fengtongzhaiensis sp. nov.: Fengtongzhai Nature Reserve F ditto, microenvironment G living adult of Z. fengtongzhaiensis sp. nov.
All adults were collected by light trap. They might have similar habitat with other Zaitzevia species.
The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Yingzuijie Nature Reserve, Hunan Province; the name is treated as an adjective.
The new species shares a similar habitus with several other species including the following: Zaitzevia yaeyamana Satô, 1963 from Japan, and Z. tangliangi Jiang & Wang, 2021. All species have a small body size (<3mm) and a very short, longitudinal impression on the pronotum. Z. yingzuijieensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from Z. yaeyamana by the following characters: 1) punctures on elytra much denser (vs sparser in Z. yaeyamana); 2) punctures on elytra much large (vs punctures on elytra very thin in Z. yaeyamana); 3) median lobe of aedeagus long and slender, about three times as long as phallobase (vs median lobe of aedeagus much stronger and shorter, about twice as long as phallobase in Z. yaeyamana). Zaitzevia yingzuijieensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from Z. tangliangi by the distinctly asymmetric apex of the median lobe of the aedeagus, while the apex of the median lobe is nearly symmetrical in Z. tangliangi. The sclerotizations near the apex of the median lobe is rounded at one end in the new species but pointed in Z. tangliangi.
1 | Large species, CL > 3 mm | 2 |
– | Smaller species, CL < 3 mm | 6 |
2 | Surface of elytra distinctly wrinkled; aedeagus short and strong, apex of median lobe of aedeagus characteristically arrowhead-like | Z. chenzhitengi |
– | Surface of elytra shiny or only weakly wrinkled; aedeagus much slender | 3 |
3 | Apex of median lobe of aedeagus asymmetrically arrowhead-like, aedeagus curved at middle | Z. sichuanensis sp. nov. |
– | Apex of median lobe of aedeagus not arrowhead-like, middle of aedeagus not curved | 4 |
4 | Apex of median lobe of aedeagus widely triangular and strongly curved dorsally | Z. muchenae |
– | Apex of median lobe of aedeagus cuspidal, not strongly curved | 5 |
5 | Surface of elytra weakly wrinkled; disc of prosternal process distinctly wrinkled; apical margin of sternite IX without tuft of setae | Z. fengtongzhaiensis sp. nov. |
– | Surface of elytra shiny; disc of prosternal process shiny, apical margin of sternite IX with tuft of long setae | Z. xiongzichuni |
6 | Longitudinal impression of pronotum extend from base of pronotum | Z. tsushimana |
– | Longitudinal impression pronotum not contacted with base of pronotum | 7 |
7 | Longitudinal impression of pronotum long, 1/2 length of pronotum | Z. gaoligongensis |
– | Longitudinal impression of pronotum short, about 1/3 length of pronotum | 8 |
8 | Sublateral carinae of pronotum long, 1/2 length of pronotum, apical half distinctly curved | Z. reniformis |
– | Sublateral carinae of pronotum short, 1/3 length of pronotum, near straight | 9 |
9 | Disc of prosternal process wrinkled, apex of median lobe of aedeagus near symmetrical | Z. tangliangi |
– | Disc of prosternal process shiny, apex of median lobe of aedeagus distinctly asymmetrical | Z. yingzuijieensis sp. nov. |
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Dr Feng-E Li (Guizhou University, Guiyang, China) for her immediate help during field work, and to Prof. Jian-Hua Huang (Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China) for providing specimens of Zaitzevia yingzuijieensis sp. nov. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for reviewing this work, and Dr Lu Qiu (Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China) for reviewing English of this manuscript and providing some suggestions. Field work was also supported by the comprehensive scientific expedition to Yingzuijie National Nature Reserve, Hunan Province.
No conflict of interest was declared.
No ethical statement was reported.
Financial support was provided by the Program of Excellent Innovation Talents, Guizhou Province (No. 20154021).
Writing – original draft: RXJ. Writing – review and editing: XC.
All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text.