A new species of Calogalesus Kieffer from China (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) with a key to World species

Abstract A new species of Calogalesus Kieffer, 1912, Calogalesus sinicus sp. n., is described and illustrated, collected from a Chinese prickly ash (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) orchard in Yunnan province of China. This is the third described species of the genus in the World. The new species can be distinguished from the other two described Calogalesus species by the head profile, proportions of the antennal segments, tridentate mandible, and mandible length. A key to World species of the genus is provided.

In recent years, during the survey of the Chinese fauna of Diapriidae funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, fifty-four specimens (of both sexes) belonging to Calogalesus were collected in Yunnan; this material is described here as a new species.

Materials and methods
All specimens were collected using yellow pan traps placed in a Chinese prickly ash (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) orchard in Zhaotong, Yunnan from 10.VIII.2012 to 26.X.2012. Specimens were examined and described under a Zeiss Stemi 2000-CS stereomicroscope. All photos were taken with a digital camera (Cool SNAP) attached to the Zeiss Stemi 2000-CS stereomicroscope and processed by using Image-Pro Plus software.
Measurements reported are relative, and refer to ratios, except for body length (head to abdominal tip, excluding antennae and ovipositor, when the body is fully extended) and fore wing length.
The holotype, 13 female and 34 male paratypes of the new species are deposited in the Hymenoptera Collection of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China (SCAU); three female and three male paratypes are deposited in The Natural History Museum, London, UK (NHMUK). The holotype ♀ of C. parvulus Kieffer, 1912 from the Seychelles (NHMUK010264968) and one male of C. malabaricus Rajmohana & Narendran, 2006from India (Karnataka, Mudigere, 26.x-4.xi.1979) were compared with the new species.

Genus Calogalesus Kieffer, 1912
Calogalesus Kieffer, 1912b: 6, 43 Diagnosis. Body mainly blackish-brown, brown or orange, smooth and shiny. Head with antennal shelf strongly projecting, laterally sharply angled and medially divided; frons with a curved carina on each side extending backwards, forming a ledge above upper eye orbit. Mandible bidentate or tridentate, together beak-like, projecting backwards. Antenna 12-segmented in female, 14-segmented in male; with A1 the longest segment. Female antenna without a clearly defined clava, but flagellar segments more or less thickened apically. Notauli distinct, not reaching transscutal articulation. Scutellum with two large anterior foveae. Fore wing with well-developed marginal cilia and two elongate hairless zones. Petiole strongly curved in lateral view. Biology. This genus shows a nasiform head (elongated with frontal projections) and opisthognathous (backwards directed) beak-like mandibles, which may be associated with digging for hosts and/or bursting from host remains (Nielsen and Buffington 2011).
Remarks. The genus Calicuta was described by Rajmohana and Narendran (2000a) without type species designation, without included species and was not explicitly indicated as new. It is therefore an unavailable name. A formal publication of the name was intended but was abandoned following the realization that it was the same genus as Calogalesus Kieffer (Rajmohana 2006;Rajmohana pers. comm. with Notton). The name Calicuta was not made available by any of the subsequent publications of Rajmohana and Narendran cited here.  (Figs 1-4). Holotype. Body length 1.2 mm. Fore wing length 1.0 mm.
Mesosoma. Mesosoma as wide as head in dorsal view. Cervix distinct. Pronotum smooth and shiny. Pronotal shoulders almost rounded. Epomium indistinct. Mesoscutum smooth and shiny, with sparse hairs. Notauli deep and posteriorly convergent, incomplete, reaching 0.90 length of mesoscutum, not reaching transscutal articulation. Humeral sulcus distinct. Mesoscutellum subtriangular, smooth and shiny, with two large foveae on anterior half and a row of small pits on the posterior margin. Mesopleuron smooth and shiny, with a groove beneath tegula. Sternaulus indistinct.     Metasoma. Petiole sparsely hairy, shiny, rugose with longitudinal striae, distinctly curved in lateral view; 2.6 times as long as wide in dorsal view; 2.3 times as long as high in lateral view. Gaster moderately compressed laterally. T2 enlarged, 2.6 times as long as wide in dorsal view, and covering 0.65 length of gaster in dorsal view. Anterior margin of T2 straight, without furrow or emargination. Metasomal tip conical.
Distribution. Known from a single location in China (Yunnan).
Remarks. This new species can be separated from the two described species, C. parvulus Kieffer, 1912 (Fig. 10), and C. malabaricus Rajmohana & Narendran, 2006, by the characters given in the key. In all previous descriptions of Calogalesus (Masner and García Rodríguez 2002;Rajmohana et al. 2013), state that the mandible are bidentate, however the new species has tridentate mandibles, so we have revised the generic diagnosis accordingly.
Etymology. The new species is named after the country of the type locality, China.