﻿Review of the genus Hauptenia Szwedo (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Derbidae), with descriptions of two new species from China

﻿Abstract The derbid planthopper genus Hauptenia Szwedo, 2006 is reviewed. Two new species from China, H.beibengensis Sui & Chen, sp. nov. and H.daliensis Sui & Chen, sp. nov., are described and illustrated. A third species, H.tripartitaRahman et al., 2012, is recorded from China for the first time. An updated checklist and identification key to all ten known species of the genus Hauptenia are provided.


Introduction
The planthopper family Derbidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) was established by Spinola in 1839, containing 22 tribes in three subfamilies (Bourgoin 2023), eight tribes, 38 genera, and 156 species of which are known in China (Yang and Wu 1994;Sui and Chen 2019;Bourgoin 2023). Most of these taxa are distributed in the Oriental bioregion, especially in southern China.

Materials and methods
The morphological terminology follows Bourgoin (1987), Bourgoin and Huang (1990) and Yang and Wu (1994). Body length was measured from apex of vertex to tip of fore wing by KEYENCE VHX-1000E system. The standard terminology of venation follows Bourgoin et al. (2015). Dried specimens were used for the descriptions and illustrations. External morphology was observed under a stereoscopic microscope and all measurements were done with an ocular micrometer. Color pictures for adult habitus were obtained by the KEYENCE VHX-6000 system. Genital segments were macerated in 10% NaOH and drawn from preparations in glycerin jelly using a Leica MZ 12.5 stereomicroscope. Illustrations were scanned with a Canon CanoScan LiDE 220 and imported into Adobe Photoshop CS5 for labeling and plate composition. The dissected genitalia were preserved in glycerin in small plastic tubes pinned together with the specimens.
The type specimens and examined specimens are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China (GUGC).

Hauptenia beibengensis
Male terminalia. Anal tube (Fig. 10) moderately long, in dorsal view, lateral margin narrowed gradually toward the near middle and then parallel toward apex, width at base larger than the narrowest part ~ 1.9: 1, length in middle line (including epiproct) than widest part at base ~ 1.75: 1, dorsolateral margin convex medially near base; epiproct turned ventrad. Pygofer (Fig. 10) in lateral view distinctly shorter dorsally than ventrally, dorsocaudal angle not produced. Gonostyli (Fig. 10) symmetrical, short and stout, apical margin truncate, dorsocaudal angle not produced; each inner lower surface with small triangular process apically; inner side of laterodorsal margin with broad projection distad, in left lateral view, basal hook shorter and stout, apical hook slightly turned outward at end. Phallic complex (Figs 12, 13) asymmetrical. Periandrium slightly curved, in left view, a big process arising from dorsal margin at base, and a short process arising from end with apex acute; in right view, a long and slender process arising from end near ventral margin. Endosoma more complex, with four lobes, one membrane and five processes of different sizes. Among four lobes, the longest lobe (L1) produced reaching to near base of periandrium, acute at apex; another other three lobes (L2-L4) round at apex, close together. In left lateral view, a small process (P1) arising from the longest lobe near apex, acute at apex; a long process (P2) arising from ventral margin of endosoma near at base, reaching to middle of periandrium; two long and sharped processes (P3, P4) arising from dorsal margin at base, pointed cephalad. In right lateral view, a small triangular process (P5) arising from the membrane one at base near dorsal margin.
Remarks. This species is similar to H. fellea (Yang & Wu, 1994), but differs from the latter in the mesonotum (Figs 1, 5) dark brown with median carinae reaching to the middle (mesonotum yellowish brown with median carinae reaching to near end in H. fellea); gonostyli ( Fig. 10) with dorsocaudal angle not produced (gonostyli with dorsocaudal angle produced into finger-shaped process in H. fellea); endosoma (Figs 12, 13) with four lobes, one membrane and five processes of different sizes (endosoma with two lobes and four processes in H. fellea).
Etymology. This species is named after the collection site of the holotype, Beibeng Township in Xizang.
Male terminalia. Anal tube (Fig. 19) moderately long, in dorsal view, lateral margin narrowed gradually toward the near middle and then wider slightly toward apex, width at base larger than the narrowest part ~ 2.5: 1, length in middle line (including epiproct) than widest part at base ~ 1.62: 1, dorsolateral margin convex medially near base; epiproct turned ventrad. Pygofer (Fig. 19) in lateral view distinctly shorter dorsally than ventrally, dorsocaudal angle not produced. Gonostyli (Fig. 19) symmetrical, short and stout, apical margin truncate, dorsocaudal angle produced into finger-shaped process; each inner lower surface with small hook apically; inner side of laterodorsal margin with broad projection distad, in left lateral view, left hook shorter and smaller than apical hook, apical hook slightly turned outward at end. Phallic complex (Figs 21, 22) asymmetrical. Periandrium curved, with a small acute process at end, visible in both left and right lateral views; in right view, a strong process arising from near end, wavy and parallel with periandrium approximately. En-dosoma complex, with three lobes and five processes of different sizes. Among three lobes, in left lateral view, the largest lobe (L1) with dorsal margin produced into triangular process near apical 1/3, and with keel from apex to near apical 1/3 near ventral margin; in right lateral view, the largest lobe ventral margin rolling up at third of apex, another two small lobes (L2, L3) arising from ca. middle of endosoma dorsally. In left lateral view, a long and slender process (P1) arising from basal of endosoma, a process (P2) arising from the ventral margin of the largest lobe near apical 2/5, curved and pointed cephalad; and in right lateral view, a slender process (P3) and a process (P4) broad at base, all curved at dorsal margin, pointed oppositely; another process (P5) arising from ca. middle of endosoma ventrally, abruptly narrowed subapically, acute at apex, pointed caudally.
Remarks. This species is similar to H. fellea (Yang & Wu) but differs from the latter in the hind wing (Fig. 18) with CuA with two terminals (CuA with three terminals in H. fellea); gonostyli (Fig. 19) with apical margin truncate (gonostyli with apical margin obliquely truncate in H. fellea); endosoma (Figs 21,22) with three lobes and five processes (endosoma with two lobes and four processes in H. fellea).
Etymology. This species is named after the collection site of the holotype, Dali City in Yunnan.

Hauptenia palgongsanensis Rahman, Kwon & Suh, 2012
Hauptenia General color yellowish brown. Fore wing yellowish brown, hind wing grayish white. Fore wing longer than widest part ~ 2.7-2.9: 1, RA with two terminals, MP with four sectors. Hind wing with RP CuA with three terminals. Gonostyli with apical margin obliquely truncate, dorsocaudal angle not produced; each inner lower surface with a hook subapically, directed basad. Endosoma of aedeagus with six processes and four lobes, the largest lobe wide and tripartite.
Note. This species is recorded from China for the first time.

Discussion
The genus Hauptenia Szwedo, 2006, belongs to the tribe Cedusini (Hemiptera: Derbidae: Breddiniolinae), which is characterized by sensory pits on head and on wings absent, subantennal process well developed, jugal margin of hind wings without stridulatory plate, and tibia of hind leg without lateral spine (Emeljanov 1996). The tribe Cedusini comprises the subtribes Cedusina Emeljanov, 1992 andEocenchreina Emeljanov, 2008. The obvious difference between them is that species of Cedusina have cixiid venation of the clavus (fore wing with joined claval veins Pcu + A1 reaching commissural margin of fore wing, reaching vein A2), and species of Eocenchreina have achilid venation of the clavus (fore wing with joined claval veins Pcu +A1 reaching claval suture, reaching CuP, near apex of clavus). As the subtribe Eocenchreina was erected for Cedusini with the achilid venation of the clavus, the genus Hauptenia was indirectly placed in the subtribe Cedusina by Emeljanov (2008). Morphologically, the whole subtribe Cedusina are very similar externally, but Hauptenia may be easily distinguished from other genera of Cedusina by the short and stout gonostyli, the pygofer with its dorsocaudal angle not produced, and the spinal formula of the hind leg 7-6-5 (Szwedo 2006;Rahman et al. 2012). In terms of geographical distribution, Hauptenia may be closely related to Produsa and Muiredusa in the same subtribe Cedusina. However, for the exact relationships within the subtribe Cedusina, more specimens need to be examined and molecular biology techniques to be used in the future studies. Due to the original literature not recording host plants of these planthoppers, they are not known. In our study, we found that a few specimens of Hauptenia (H. fellea, H. magnifica, and H. tripartita) were collected on bamboo. In addition, some specimens of H. glutinosa and H. jacula were collected by light traps, and we speculate that some species of the genus Hauptenia have positive phototropism.
Based on the diverse natural environment in China, we expect that further collecting will increase the number of new records or species, and suggest that specimens already collected and stored in collections should be reanalyzed.