2a Eumenes coarctatus coarctatus (Linnaeus), female, Netherlands, collecting clay for nest construction 2b abandoned clay nest. Photographs: J.T. Smit.

 
 
  Part of: van Achterberg C, Smit JT, Ljubomirov T (2023) Review of the European Eumenes Latreille (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) using morphology and DNA barcodes, with an illustrated key to species. ZooKeys 1143: 93-163. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1143.94951