Corresponding author: Fahad Jaber Alatawi (
Academic editor: Vladimir Pesic
The two tetranychid genera
Kamran M, Mirza JH, Alatawi FJ (2016) The genus
The genus
The genus
The subgenera
The genus
A few tetranychid species have been reported from Saudi Arabia (SA):
Two genera,
Diagnostic features of all known species of the subgenus
Some morphological diagnostic features of the world species of the subgenus
Species | Distribution | Dorsal setae | Dorsal Striations | Stylophore anteriorly | Peritremes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shape | Distance of dorso-central hysterosomal setae especially (c1, d1, e1) to the setae next in line | Hysterosoma medialy | Propodosomal shield | ||||
3 |
USA | slightly lanceolate | distinctly shorter | widely spaced transverse | dashed, weak, longitudinal | rounded | weak with two irregular branches |
7 |
Chile | subspatulate, on tubercles | distinctly shorter | widely spaced transverse | longitudinal | rounded | anastomose |
3 |
Mexico, USA | slender/ setiform | distinctly shorter | widely spaced transverse | tuberculate longitudinal | - | ball like anastomose |
7 |
Jazan, Riyadh, Tabuk | subspatulate, e-f on small tubercules | distinctly shorter | widely spaced transverse | weak, irregular, longitudinal | slightly incised | elongate anastomose |
9 |
USA | subspatulate | distinctly shorter | closely spaced transverse | - | - | anastomose |
3 |
USA | subspatulate | distinctly shorter | widely spaced transverse | strong tubercules/lobes | round, tapering distally | strongly rounded, anastomose |
7 |
South Africa | subspatulate, on tubercles | distinctly shorter | widely spaced transverse | medially wide spaced longitudinal, remaining dashed | slightly incised | complex anastomose |
9 |
Pakistan | lanceolate | distinctly shorter | closely spaced transverse | weak transverse | deeply incised | anastomose |
9 |
Pakistan | lanceolate | distinctly shorter | closely spaced transverse | dotted longitudinal | slightly incised | weak branched anastomose |
9 |
Pakistan | lanceolate | distinctly shorter | closely spaced transverse | irregular, weak, longitudinal, medially transverse | slightly incised | anastomose |
9 |
South Africa | lanceolate | distinctly shorter | Small tubercles making pattern | round | sausage anastomose | |
2,9 |
Riyadh, KSA | lanceolate | distinctly shorter | closely spaced transverse | weak, longitudinal | slightly incised | weak anastomose with few long thread like branches |
Yemen | lanceolate | distinctly shorter | closely spaced transverse | dashed, transverse | slightly incised | weakly anastomose with few branches | |
1 |
South Africa | slender /setiform | distinctly shorter | widely spaced transverse | coarse longitudinal, plate dashed | incised | weak branched anastomose |
7 |
Miami USA, Marigat, Kenya | subspatulate | distinctly shorter | widely spaced transverse | longitudinal | - | anastomose |
2 |
Tabuk, KSA | narowly lanceolate | distinctly shorter | closely spaced transverse | weak, longitudinal | rounded | small, compact, anastomose |
9 |
South Africa | lanceolate, on tubercles | distinctly shorter | closely spaced transverse | dashed fine longitudinal | slightly incised | elongate anastomose |
8 |
USA | slender/ setiform | as long as/ slightly longer | closely spaced transverse | strong tuberculate longitudinal | rounded | small, elongate anastomose bulb |
3 |
USA | slender/ setiform, on small tubercles | as long as/ slightly longer | widely spaced transverse | pebbled | rounded | three chambered branches |
5 |
USA | slender/setiform | much longer | - | - | rounded | anastomose |
7 |
USA | subspatulate on small tubercles | longer | widely spaced tuberculate striate | tuberculate striate | rounded | Weak branched anastomose |
3 |
Mexico, USA | slender, blunt distally | as long as/slightly longer | widely spaced tuberculate fold, tranverse | broken, irregular, longitudinal | rounded | elongate anastomose bulb |
4 |
USA | slender/setiform | as long as/ slightly longer | widely spaced broad folds with tubercules | small tubercules | rounded | small anastomose bulb |
6,7 |
Mexico, USA | subspatulate | slightly shorter/as long as | irregular transverse | basket weave | rounded | anastomose |
9 |
South Africa | spatulate, on tubercles | longer | closely spaced transverse | broken longitudinal | deeply incised | oval anastomose |
Host Plant Family: 1.
Length of leg I and leg chaetotaxy of world species of subgenus
Species | Length of leg I as compared to body length | Coxa | Trochanter | Femora | Genua | Tibia | Tarsus | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | |||
|
longer | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13(1) | - | - | - | 14(3)+2dup | - | - | - | |
|
longer | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 10(2) | 7 | 9 | 8 | 19 | 14 | 11 | 11 | |
|
Tabook, Riyadh | longer | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 9(1) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 14(2)+2dup | 8(1)+1dup | 8(1) | 9(1) |
Jizan | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 9(1) | 8 | 9 | 9 | 12(1)+2dup | 9(1)+1dup | 9(1) | 9(1) | ||
|
longer | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
|
longer | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 14 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 22 | 15 | 15 | 15 | |
|
longer | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 13(1) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 15(2)+2dup | 10(1)+1dup | 12(1) | 12(1) | |
|
longer | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 13(1) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 18(2)+2dup | 12(2)+1dup | 14(1) | 14(1) | |
|
|
longer | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11(1) | 8 | - | 9 | 15(1)+2dup | 9(1)+1dup | - | 10(1) |
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 13(2) | 10(1) | 9 | 8 | ||
|
longer | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 13(1) | 9 | 8 | 8 | 10+2dup | 7+1dup | 9+1dup | 9+1dup | |
|
longer | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
|
longer | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 6 | - | - | - | 4 | - | - | - | 9(1) | - | - | - | 11(1)+2dup | - | - | - | |
|
longer | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | 3 | - | - | 9(1) | 5 | - | 6 | 8(1)+2dup | 8 | - | 9 | ||
|
longer | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13(1) | - | - | - | 13(2)+2dup | - | - | - | |
|
shorter | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 14 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 22 | 15 | 15 | 15 | |
|
shorter | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 14 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 20 | 15 | 15 | 15 | |
|
shorter | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 9 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 13(1) | 8 | 6 | 7 | 16(1)+2dup | 13+1dup | 12(1) | 12(1) | |
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13(1) | - | - | - | 16(3)+2dup | (1)+2dup | - | - | |
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 8-9 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 13(1) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 18(1)+2dup | 15+1dup | 14(1) | 14(1) | |
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 9 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 12-13(1) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 16(2)+2dup | 12-13(2)+1dup | 12(1) | 12(1) | |
|
- | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 13(1) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 18(2)+2dup | 14+1dup | 14(1) | 14(1) | |
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 9 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 13(1) | 9 | 6 | 9 | 18(1)+2dup | 14+1dup | 12-13(1) | 14(1) | |
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
The mite specimens were collected by shaking the plant parts, especially leaves, onto a white sheet of paper. Mites found moving on paper were collected with the help of a camel hairbrush and preserved in small vials containing 70% ethanol. Preserved mite specimens were observed under a stereomicroscope (SZX10, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) and mounted on glass slides in Hoyer’s medium. The mounted specimens were examined under phase contrast microscope (DM2500, Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). Different body parts were pictured using an auto montage software system (Syncroscopy, Cambridge, UK), then drawn with Adobe Illustrator (Adobe System Inc., San Jose, CA, USA). All measurements are in micrometers. The terminology used in this paper follows that of
Based on Baker and Tuttle 1968, Gutierrez 1955,
Body oval; prodorsum without lobes and with three pairs of setae; dorsal opisthosomal setae ten pairs. Dorsal setae not set on prominent tubercles; setae f1 normal in position, coxal setal formula variable, most species with 2–2–1–1 except one species of the subgenus
Based on
Peritremes anastomosed, coxal setal formula 2–2–1–1.
The subgenus
Shape of setae (spatulate, subspatulate, lanceolate or setiform), comparative length of setae with respect to the distance of setae next behind, shape of peritremes (compact anastomose, branched or weakly anastomosed), propodosomal shield (pebbled, lobbed, with longitudinal/transverse striations), hysterosoma (medially with closely/widely spaced striations), comparative length of leg I with respect to body length (shorter/longer) and leg chaetotaxy are the major diagnostic characters vary among/within the species of subgenus
Most species of the subgenus
The specimens of new species
Dorsal body setae subspatulate, serrate, expanded distally and distinctly shorter to the distances of setae next in line, first pair of dorsocentral setae c1 reaching 2/3 to the distance of setae d1, setae c1 almost 1.5 times widely spaced than setae f1, setae e2, f1, f2 and h1 set on small tubercles, dorsal hysterosomal striations widely spaced, propodosoma medially with longitudinal broken striations, stylophore with a small mediocephalic emargination, peritremes branched tube like compact anastomosing, leg I shorter than body length.
(n = 9). Measurement of holotype followed by 8 paratypes (in parenthesis) (Figs
The specific epithet is derived from the region “Arabia” from where type specimens were collected.
Holotype and one paratype female,
The
Dorsal setae lanceolate, densely serrate, not set on tubercles and distinctly shorter to the distances of setae next behind, dorsocentral setae (c1, d1 and e1) almost 1/3 to the distance of setae next behind, propodosoma medially with weak, longitudinal irregular striations, hysterosoma with transverse and closely spacedstriations medially, stylophore slightly notched anteriorly, peritremes anastomosed distally, with few long thread like branches, and hysterosomal striations closely spaced, leg I shorter than body.
(n = 39). Measurements of holotype followed by 38 paratypes (in parenthesis) (Figs
The specific epithet is derived after the host plant,
Holotype female, one male and two female paratypes,
Dorsal setae slightly lanceolate, densely serrate, not present on tubercles and distinctly shorter to the distances of setae next behind, prodorsum entirely with longitudinal striaitons, hysterosomal striations closely spaced, peritremes complex anastomosed distally, stylophore slightly rounded anteriorly, leg I shorter than body length, number of setae on femur I–IV 8–6–3–3, number of setae on genu I–IV 4–5–3–3.
(n = 3). Measurements of holotype followed by 2 paratypes (in parenthesis) (Figs
The specific epithet is derived from the region of Saudi Arabia, Tabuk, from where it was collected.
Holotype female, two paratype females,
The
1 | Coxal formula not exceeding 3–3–1–1 |
|
– | Coxal formula 4–3–2–2, dorsal body setae serrate pointed at the tip not set on tubercles, peritremes simple, empodial pad and true claws equal in length |
|
2 | Peritremes anastomosed |
|
– | Peritremes simple |
|
3 | Stylophore rounded anteriorly |
|
– | Stylophore notched anteriorly |
|
4 | Dorsal body setae slightly lanceolate, leg I shorter that body |
|
– | Dorsal body setae slender, leg I about as long as body |
|
5 | Dorsal body setae generally slender or slightly lanceolate and pointed distally |
|
– | Dorsal body setae broadly lanceolate |
|
6 | First three pair of dorsocentral setae c1, d1 and e1 about half as long as distance between bases of consecutive setae |
|
– | First three pair of dorsocentral setae c1, d1 and e1 minute about a third to a fourth as long as the distance between bases of consecutive setae |
|
7 | Length of body 466 µm (530 µm including gnathosoma), leg I as long as body, posterior opisthosomal setae longer than longitudinal distance between their bases |
|
– | Length of body 380 µm, leg I 160 µm long, shorter than body, posterior opisthosomal setae shorter than longitudinal distance between their bases |
|
8 | Body elongate, length of body 345 µm, length of leg I 191 µm (without coxa and trochanter) |
|
– | Body oval, length of body 570 µm, length of leg I 419 µm (without coxa and trochanter) |
|
9 | Dorsocentral setae (c1, d1, e1 and f1) more than half as long as distances between consecutive setae, leg I shorter than body |
|
– | Dorsocentral setae (c1, d1, e1 and f1) almost half as long as distances between consecutive setae, leg I shorter than body |
|
10 | Peritremes terminating in a ball-like rounded structure; prodorsum with a wellmarked punctate shield; tibia IV with 8 setae |
|
– | Peritremes terminating in oval shaped structure; prodorsum without a well-marked punctate shield; tibia IV with 7 setae |
|
11 | Dorsal body setae slightly shorter/as long as/ longer than distances between their bases |
|
– | Dorsal setae distinctly shorter than distances between their bases |
|
12 | Dorsal integument striated, without tubercles or lumps |
|
– | Dorsal integument provided with tubercles or lumps forming a distinct pattern along with striation |
|
13 | Dorsal body setae slender, setiform |
|
– | Dorsal body setae broadly spatulate, subspatulate or lanceolate |
|
14 | Stylophore indented anteriorly, dorsocentral setae c1, d1 and e1 about 2/3 of the distance between their basis, peritremes weakly anastomosed |
|
– | Stylophore rounded anteriorly, dorsocentral setae c1, d1 and e1 about half the distance between, peritremes strongly anastomosed, stylophore rounded anteriorly. |
|
15 | All dorsal body setae spatulate, subspatulate, expanded distally |
|
– | Most of dorsal body setae lanceolate, not expanded distally |
|
16 | First pair of dorsocentral setae c1 less than half as long as distances to the bases setae next behind |
|
– | First pair of dorsocentral setae c1 at least reaching 1/2 or 2/3 of distance to the bases of setae next behind |
|
17 | Prodorsum medially with irregular broken striations |
|
– | Prodorsum medially with regular longitudinal striations |
|
18 | First pair of dorsocentral setae c1 reaching one half to the distance of setae next behind, setae c1 and f1 almost sub/equally spaced |
|
– | First pair of dorsocentral setae c1 reaching 2/3 to the distance of setae next behind, setae c1 almost 1.5 times widely spaced than setae f1 |
|
19 | Hysterosomal setae d1and e1 lanceolate and about half as long as f1, setae f1 spatulate |
|
– | Dorsocentral setae subequal in length, lanceolate serrate |
|
20 | Prodorsum entirely with longitudinal striations |
|
– | Median area of prodorsum entirely/partially with transverse striations |
|
21 | Peritremes ending with few irregular branches |
|
– | Peritremes distally with complex anastomosed |
|
22 | Stylophore slightly indented anteriorly, dorsum with closely spaced striations |
|
– | Stylophore rounded anteriorly, dorsum with widely spaced striations |
|
23 | Leg I distinctly longer than the body, first pair of dorsocentral setae c1 more than half to the distance of setae next behind |
|
– | Leg I shorter than body, first pair dorsocentral setae c1 1/3 to the distance of setae next behind |
|
24 | Dorsum with widely spaced striaitons, femora I with 11 setae |
|
– | Dorsum with closely spaced striations, femora I with 8 or 9 setae |
|
25 | Stylophore rounded anteriorly, setae on femora I–IV 8–6–3–3, setae of genua I–IV 4–5–3–3 |
|
– | Stylophore indented anteriorly, setae on femora I–IV 9–6–4–4, setae of genua I–IV 5–5–6–6 |
|
26 | Propodosomal shield medially with two distinct bands of transverse striations |
|
– | Propodosomal shield entirely with transverse strations |
|
27 | Leg I shorter than body, peritremes weakly anastomosed |
|
– | Leg I longer than body, peritremes with complex anastomose |
|
28 | Stylophore anteriorly rounded |
|
– | Stylophore anteriorly deeply notched |
|
29 | Dorsal body setae slender/setifrom |
|
– | Dorsal body setae spatulate/subspatulate |
|
30 | Dorsal body setae set on tubercles, longer than the distances of setae next behind, propodosoma with broken striations |
|
– | Dorsal body setae not set on tubercles, as long as or slightly shorter to the distances of setae next behind, propodosoma medially with basket weaved pattern |
|
31 | Opisthosomal setae much longer than the distance to the setae next in line |
|
– | Opisthosomal setae as long as the distance to the setae next in line |
|
32 | Prodorsal shield pebbled, most of opisthosomal setae set on tubercles |
|
– | Prodorsal shield tuberculate/striate, opisthosomal setae not set on tubercles |
|
33 | Opisthosomal striations closely spaced with fine lobes |
|
– | Prodorsal shield tuberculate | 34 |
34 | Opisthosomal striations mostly broad folds and covered with tubercles, peritreme small bulb like anastomosing |
|
– | Opisthomosal striations comparatively closely spaced with fine lobes, peritremes elongate anastomose |
|
Based on Baker and Tuttle 1968, Gutierrez 1955,
True claws pad like, each bearing a pair of tenant hairs; empodial pad longer than true claws, bearing a row of tenant hairs, distally not coalescent; dorsum with 3 pairs of prodorsal setae which are short and spindle shaped or spatulate; setal tubercles small or nonexistent; fourth pair of dorsocentral setae (f1) widely spaced, not normal as c1; peritremes anastomosing distally.
Based on
Integument without tuberculate or reticulate pattern; dorsal setae rounded or spindle-shaped.
12 females,
The authors wish to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research, College of Food and