A new species of Patania from the Hainan Island, China (Lepidoptera, Crambidae)

Abstract Patania clava sp. n. is described from the Diaoluo Mountain of Hainan Island, China. The new species is distinguished from its most similar congener, Patania iopasalis (Walker, 1859), by the following features: wingspan 33.0–35.0 mm (vs. 21.0–30.0 mm), ventral cilia of the male antenna as long as the diameter of flagellomere (vs. 1/4), the thick finger-like gnathos (vs. the short broad sheet-like), a long thick needle-like cornutus stretching out from (vs. embedded in) a cluster of spicular cornuti near apex. Images of adult and genitalia of the new species are provided.

Globally, there are approximately 50 described species of Patania (Kirti and Gill 2007;Li et al. 2009, Nuss et al. 2003-2015, 28 species being recorded in China (Li et al. 2009;Xu 2015). In this paper, Patania clava sp. n., collected from the Diaoluo Mountain, Hainan Island, China, is described as new to science.

Materials and methods
Specimens were collected by 250-W high-pressure mercury lamps. They were handcollected alive and killed by ethyl acetate. The type specimens of Patania species deposited in the Natural History Museum of London (NHM) have been examined by corresponding author. All the type specimens of the new species are deposited in the College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China (SWUCPP).
The terminology mainly follows Kristensen (2003) and Slamka (2013). Genitalia preparation followed the procedure of Li and Zheng (1996), using boiling 10% NaOH solutions to digest internal tissues; after careful cleaning and removal of scales and content of coelom, genitalia were examined, compared, and described before being mounted on microscope slides by the first author. The images of the adults were taken with a digital camera (Nikon P7700). The illustrations of the genitalia were prepared with a digital camera Leica DFC 450 attached to a digital microscope Leica M205 A.
Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished by the wingspan of 33.0-35.0 mm (Fig. 1); the brown patch near base of the labial palpus (Fig. 2), the male antenna with ventral cilia nearly as long as the diameter of flagellomere; in the male genitalia by the thick finger-like gnathos bearing long setae on the apex (Fig. 3), the phallus with a dor- sally protruding sclerotized structure with a slant nailhead-like apex, and a long thick needle-like cornutus stretching out from a cluster of spicular cornuti near apex (Fig. 4).
Description. Adult (Figs 1-2). Wingspan 33.0-35.0 mm. Body pale yellow. Antenna pale yellow dorsally, orange ventrally. Male antenna with ventral golden cilia nearly as long as the diameter of flagellomere. Labial palpus upturned, pale yellow with a brown patch near base. Maxillary palpus small, pale yellow. Patagium pale yellow, with large fuscous spots. Tegula pale yellow and fuscous. Forewing pale yellow, with fuscous lines, spots and patches; a spot at inner edge near basal line; a large elliptical patch between basal line and antemedial line; orbicular stigma distinct; discoidal stigma reniform, its posterior part overlapping postmedial line partly; a large patch outspread between discoidal stigma and inner margin; postmedial line oblique inward from costa, excurved vertically from M 1 to CuA 2 , with a distinct punctiform pattern between M 2 and CuA 2, then sharply incurved along CuA 2 as an indistinct line before curving towards the dorsum; a large patch between anterior half of postmedial line and marginal line, marginal line consisting of a line of spots. Hindwing pale yellow; discoidal stigma brown; a brown slant stripe below end of discal cell and a pale brown fuzzy band beyond it; postmedial line oblique inward from costa, excurved vertically from M 1 to CuA 2 , with a distinct punctiform pattern between M 2 and CuA 2 , then sharply incurved along CuA 2 as an indistinct line before curving towards the dorsum; marginal line fuscous; brown blot near apical angle. Fringes of forewing and hindwing white at base, pale brown terminally. Fore coxa yellow, with two big black spots; femur yellow except for black distal end; tibia pale yellow with distal half black, tibial comb orange. Mid femur white, with a black spot near centre; tibia pale yellow, black distally, a black spot near the base. Hind femur white, with a brown spot near the distal end; tibia white, somewhat pale brown near the base. Abdomen orange dorsally; anterior edge of 2 nd segment with two lateral black spots flanking the centre, 7 th segment with a big black spot separated slightly at the center; pale yellow ventrally.
Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin clavus (nail), in reference to the nail head-like apex of sclerotized structure of the phallus.
Distribution. This species is only known from the Diaoluo Mountain of Hainan Island, China.
Natural history. Unknown except that the moths fly late May and are attracted to light. The habitat in which this species has been collected is located at an altitude of 900 m. The vegetation of the habitat is a blend of shrubs, conifer trees and broad leaved trees.
Remarks. The most similar congener to P. clava sp. n. is Patania iopasalis (Walker, 1859). However, the wingspan of P. iopasalis is smaller with 21.0-30.0 mm (Fig. 5); the labial palpus has no brown patch near the base but a big brown patch near the apex (Fig. 6), the male antenna has ventral cilia about one-fourth the length of the diameter of flagellomere; in the male genitalia the short broad sheet-like gnathos lacks setae on the apex (Fig. 7), the phallus has an ovate sclerotized structure protruding from apex, and a long thick needle-like cornutus is embedded in a cluster of spicular cornuti (Fig.  8). Patania clava sp. n. is also similar to Patania obfuscalis (Yamanaka, 1998) in appearance. The latter can, however, be distinguished by its serrated postmedial line of forewing; in the male genitalia by the middle costa slightly inflated and bearing a cluster of setae, the vestigial gnathos, the board-like sclerotized, apically tapering structure protruding from apex, and a short broad thorn-like cornutus near a cluster of spicular cornuti.
The new species is only known from Diaoluo Mountain of Hainan Island at present. Patania iopasalis is widely distributed in south Asia, southeast Asia, east Asia, including Hainan Island, China, the Caroline Islands, New Guinea, Australia and Guatemala (Hampson 1896(Hampson , 1898Klima 1939;Xu 2015). Patania obfuscalis is distributed in Nepal and some areas of China, excluding Hainan Island.