Eight new species of Strongylophthalmyia Heller from Vietnam with a key to species from Vietnam and neighbouring countries (Diptera, Strongylophthalmyiidae)

Abstract Seventeen species of Strongylophthalmyia are recognized in the fauna of Vietnam, including eight new species: Strongylophthalmyia annulipes sp. n., Strongylophthalmyia basisterna sp. n., Strongylophthalmyia dichroa sp. n., Strongylophthalmyia gavryushini sp. n., Strongylophthalmyia obtecta sp. n., Strongylophthalmyia orchidanthae sp. n., Strongylophthalmyia stricta sp. n., Strongylophthalmyia tomentosa sp. n. Strongylophthalmyia angusticollis Frey, Strongylophthalmyia fascipennis Frey, Strongylophthalmyia metatarsata Meijere, Strongylophthalmyia splendida Yang & Wang, and Strongylophthalmyia thaii Papp are recorded for the first time from Vietnam. The male of Strongylophthalmyia splendida and female of Strongylophthalmyia thaii are described for the first time. A key to 34 species of Strongylophthalmyia of the fauna of Vietnam and continental southeast Asia, including the Oriental southern region of China is provided.


Introduction
The Strongylophthalmyiidae is a small family of acalyptrate Diptera containing two genera, Strongylophthalmyia Heller, 1902 andNartshukia Shatalkin, 1993. The genus Nartshukia is known only by the single female specimen of Nartshukia musiva Shatalkin, 1993 from Vietnam. The genus Strongylophthalmyia includes 54 species to date, occurring in the Nearctic (two species), Palaearctic (eight species), Oriental (40 species) and Australasian (9 species) regions (Iwasa and Evenhuis 2014). Two species described from Madagascar by Verbeke (1963Verbeke ( , 1968 were transferred to Clusiidae by Barraclough (2000). As our studies show, the Vietnamese fauna of the genus includes 17 species. Eight of them are described in this paper as new, and five of them are reported for Vietnam for the first time.

Materials and methods
This study is part of an ongoing series of studies on the Vietnamese cyclorrhaphous fauna. A key is composed for species from Vietnam, Burma, Oriental southern Region of China and Thailand; the genus has not yet been recorded from Laos or Cambodia. The specimens of new species of Strongylophthalmyia described in this paper are rare in our collection, and the colouration of the abdomen is important for determination; hence, genitalic characters are not explored in the descriptions of new species.
Types of the new species are deposited in the collection of Zoological Museum of Moscow University (ZMUM).
In the key and descriptions of species, morphological terminology, abbreviations of wing veins, and wing cells, are after Cumming and Wood (2009). Measurements are given in millimetres. Labels of specimens are quoted verbatim. Frontal index = the ratio between height of the frons from its anterior margin to hind ocelli and from hind ocelli to vertex or vti.

Results
The genus Strongylophthalmyia includes strikingly elegant flies with elongated bodies and slender legs. These flies have body lengths from 2.3 mm to 7.5 mm (the smallest is S. palpalis Papp, 2006 the largest is S. gigantica Iwasa & Evenhuis, 2014).
Head (Figure 1a) is spherical or extended in profile (extended in S. splendida Yang & Wang, 1996); the gena is narrow; the facial sclerotization is interrupted by membrane medially; and the ocellar tubercle is moved forward and is often situated in the middle of the frons. Females often have a large bulbous clypeus, but it is smaller and band-like in males. First flagellomere is short, rounded.
Several species of this genus have sexual dimorphism in the antennal structure. The males of some Strongylophthalmyia differ in developing of the dorsal process of the first flagellomere (Figure 10d, e).
The arista is usually bare, but several Oriental species have small setulae on the arista. Males of some of these species groups have modified palpi, which can be yellow (compared to the black female palpus), bilobate and with black scales or thick setulae. Chaetotaxy of head: 2-3 orbital setae, usually with three hair-like small frontal setae, one ocellar seta, one inner vertical seta and one outer vertical seta (absent in S. splendida), one postocellar seta, one paravertical seta (absent in some species), vibrissa absent.
Thorax is coloured from yellow ( Figure 6) to black (Figure 2b). Several species are characterised by a black thorax, and a postpronotum and propleuron and often basisternum that are entirely or partly yellow. Several species are black with a pair of reddish yellow spots (in females) or one large spot (in males) on the basisternum between the fore coxae ( Figure 2e). Finally, two species, described in this paper as new, Strongylophthalmyia obtecta sp. n. (Figure 5a,b) and Strongylophthalmyia stricta sp. n. (Figure 7a), are black with brownish or yellowish spots on the postpronotum (laterally), and with yellowish spots around the fore spiracles. These two species may be related to Strongylophthalmyia papuana Iwasa & Evenhuis, 2014 and Strongylophthalmyia gigantica Iwasa & Evenhuis, 2014, both from Papua New Guinea, because these four species are characterized by predominantly black legs. Since the black colouration of legs can fade in preserved specimens, these species appear in multiple parts of the key. The mesonotum is covered with yellowish setulae or it is bare with black setae located in rows.
Legs are slender, usually bare. Hind legs of males of some species bear small papillae, having one papilla on trochanter and two papillae on femur (these papillate protuberances are variable; some species with only on femur, others on both trochanter and femur, some with just one, others up to three, some bare, others with long stiff setae), being bubble-like basally and conical (with yellow or black setulae) subbasally. Male fore femur sometimes with short stout spines dorsally ( Figure 4a).
Wings have a distinct costal break just before merging of costa and subcosta. The subcosta is incomplete, not quite reaching the wing margin ( Figure 1a). Transverse vein CuA 2 forms distal border of anal cell, convex. Veins R 4+5 and M 1 are parallel or slightly converging in apical third. Vein A 1 +CuA 2 is distinctly bent, not reaching wing margin. Wing is transparent, wholly infuscated, with brownish apical spot or with cross-band on dm-cu and short cross-band anteriorly level of Rs. Greater ampulla is absent. Halter is coloured from whitish to yellow, rarely with blackish-grey knob.
Abdomen is slender, black, sometimes yellow, its colour patterns in some cases (S. trifasciata Hennig, 1940) differs in females and males.
The structure of male genitalia are known only for several species of Strongylophthalmyia (not for Nartshukia). Epandrium without surstyli (some authors (Iwasa 1998;Iwasa and Evenhuis 2014) consider that surstyli are completely fused with epandrium). However, genitalia of species of S. crinita group have appendages similar to surstyli and attributed to this type of lobe (Shatalkin 1995). The hypandrium is well-developed, bearing two pairs of lobes. The origin of these lobes remains unclear (Steyskal 1987, Shatalkin 1995, Iwasa 1998, Barber 2006, Lonsdale 2013, Iwasa and Evenhuis 2014. Phallus and phallapodeme are very long; however, several exceptions are known. The male of S. verrucifera Shatalkin, 1996 is characterized by a short apodeme of the aedeagus; on the contrary, males of S. paula Shatalkin, 1993 have truncated aedeagus.
Ecology. Adult flies can be found on leaves of bushes and trees, on stumps, and fallen logs. Larvae of some Holarctic species are characterised by biramous anterior spiracles, and live under the bark of rotting logs of aspen (S. ustulata (Zetterstedt, 1847), S. pictipes Frey, 1935, S. angustipennis Melander, 1920 and under bark of rotting logs of birch and elm (S. stackelbergi Krivosheina, 1981) (Krivosheina 1981, Barber 2006. Notes. Neal L. Evenhuis in his review kindly noted that there is apparently a serious mistake in Yang and Wang (1998) with regard to the description and wing illustrations of S. splendida and S. yaoshana. The descriptions of the wing are either switched or the illustrations are switched. Strongylophthalmyia splendida is described as having a hyaline wing, yet the illustration claearly slows bands; whereas S. yaoshana is described as having a banded wing, yet the illustration clearly shows it to have a hyaline one. As the holotypes of each species are lost (Wang Xin li, pers. comm.; also N.L. Evenhuis could not find them during Wang's and my search for them when N.L. Evenhuis was in Beijing in 2014; only a paratype of S. bifasciata could be found) there is no definitive way to determine which species is which. Male first flagellomere dorsally with long and slender process (see Papp et al. 2006, fig. 56; this paper - Fig. 10d). Hind tibia darkened dorsally and ventrally in basal two thirds. Body length 3.4-3.8. Vietnam, Thailand ( Figure  10)  Abdomen black, broadly yellow basally, tergite six with lateral yellow spots extending from anterior margin to two thirds of its length. Wing with two brownish marks: short cross-band at a level of R s undeveloped; median crossband on a dm-cu vein almost undeveloped between C and R 2+3 . Male unknown. Female body length 3.6. Vietnam (Figure 8  Hind tibia slightly brownish in basal third. Male palpus yellow, with two or three black leaf-like scale apically (Shatalkin 1996, Fig. 22). Genitalia with aedeagal apodeme very long, more than two times as long as epandrium (Shatalkin 1996, Fig. 16 Fore femur black, narrowly yellow basally and apically, fore tibia yellow, brown in basal third; female with 3 distal segments of tarsi black (see also couplet 18) (Figure 7) .  Diagnosis. This new species belongs to a group of species characterized by a yellow postpronotum, propleuron and basisternum. Three species from this group, S. humeralis, S. bifasciata and S. yaoshana are otherwise characterized by an arista with very short setulae and easily differentiated. Other species of this group, S. spinosa, S. thaii, S. coarctata Hendel, 1913 and S. macrocera differ from S. annulipes by transparent wings. Strongylophthalmyia annulipes sp. n. is close to S. tomentosa sp. n. and differs from it by the presence of a preapical black ring on the mid and hind femora and by black ring on the mid and hind tibia.

Key to species of genus
Description. Male. Head black, shining, slightly longer than its height; frons entirely black, covered with grey tomentose of by very short setulae (0.01 mm). Occiput slightly convex (in dorsal view). Face black, matte, with row of short setulae along suture; parafacial black, covered with silvery grey tomentum, length of its setulae: 0.021-0.028 mm. Gena with brownish short stripe directly below parafacial. Antenna brownish yellow. First flagellomere rounded, its length almost equal to height; dark brown, narrowly yellow at base, with short yellow setulae dorsally. Arista dark brown, bare. Palpi brownish yellow. Chaetotaxy: three reclinate to lateroclinate orbital setae (the middle seta 2.5 times longer than others), 1 ocellar seta, 1 postocellar seta, 1 inner vertical seta, 1 outer vertical seta, 2 hair-like short frontal setae. Thorax black. Postpronotum laterally, propleuron, basisternum, and anepisternum around spiracle yellow. Mesonotum matte, sparsely covered with short pale setulae; pleuron shiny; scutellum bare, matte. Legs yellow, mid and hind femora with dark brown preapical ring; mid tibia yellow basally and in apical half, and darkened between these yellow areas; hind tibia darkened, yellowish basally and in apical quarter. Wings with apical spot, with median transverse band on level of dm-cu vein and with weak darkening anteriorly at level of vein R s . R 2+3 long: section of C between R 1 and R 2+3 1.5 times longer than following section (between R 2+3 and R 4+5 ). R 4+5 and M 1+2 almost parallel apically. Section of M 1+2 between r-m and dm-cu approximately 1.8 times longer than proximal section and 0.6 times shorter than distal section. Cell bm is 0.5 times shorter than discal cell. Calypter light grey with fan of very long light setulae on its margin. Halter with yellow stem and whitish knob. Chaetotaxy: one small postpronotal seta, one dorsocentral seta, two notopleural setae, one supraalar seta, one postalar seta, one anepisternal seta, one stout apical scutellar seta. All setae black.
Female differs from male in following characters. Frontal setulae very short, hardly visible. Palpi dark brown. Mesonotum covered with short setulae. Mid tibia widely darkened, yellowish basally and in apical quarter. Body length 3.8-4.7 mm; wing length 3.5-4.2 mm.
Etymology.The specific name refers to black ring on mid and hind femora. Diagnosis. This new species strongly differs from all species from Vietnam and neighbour countries. It is morphologically close to S. puncticollis Frey, 1928 (from Philippines and Papua New Guinea) and to S. fasciolata Meijere, 1919 (from Sumatra). Strongylophthalmyia. puncticollis differs from the new species by having the abdomen entirely black; all femora have a brown preapical ring, the hind tibia is black basally and apically and yellow in the median third. Strongylophthalmyia fasciolata differs from the new species by an entirely black abdomen, black matte mesonotum, dark legs, and halteres with a brownish stem. In the key by Steyskal (1971) S. fasciolata is close to S. angusticollis Frey, 1956 (from Burma). The last species is characterized by the arista covered with short setulae. Description. Female. Head black, 1.3 times longer than height. Frons matte with yellowish brown spot between antenna and eye. Ocellar tubercle slightly shifted anteriorly: the ratio between height of the frons from its anterior margin to hind ocelli and from the hind ocelli to the vertex or vti equal to 1.3. Occiput poorly convex (in dorsal view). Face dark brown, matte, with row of short setulae along suture. Parafacial yellow, covered with whitish tomentum, setulae on parafacial around 0.5 times shorter than setulae along facial suture. Antenna dark brown. First flagellomere 1.1 times longer than high, dark brown with long yellowish marginal setulae. Arista dark brown, bare. Mouthparts dark, palpi darkish brown. Chaetotaxy: two reclinate to lateroclinate orbital setae (posterior seta 2.0 times longer than anterior), 1 oc, 1 poc, 1 vti, 1 vte, frontal setae absent.
Thorax black, shining. Basisternum with two bright yellow spots between fore coxae; yellowish brown stripe extended from postpronotum over anterior spiracle to coxa. Mesonotum shining, with 4 rows of short yellow setae along dc and ac rows. Scutellum matte. Legs yellow, mid and hind femur with preapical brown ring (this ring narrower on mid femur); mid and hind tibiae with subbasal brownish ring; two last tarsal segments black. Wings with apical spot, median transverse band through dm-cu and with weak darkening in anterior part of R s . Right border of median band situated slightly laterally to R 2+3 vein. R 2+3 long: section of C between R 1 and R 2+3 1.3 times longer than following section (between R 2+3 and R 4+5 ). R 4+5 and M 1+2 almost parallel apically. Section of M 1+2 between r-m and dm-cu slightly concave, 3 times longer than proximal section and 0.9 times shorter than distal section. Cell bm 0.5 times shorter than discal cell. Calypter brownish yellow with fan of very long yellowish setulae on its margin. Halter with yellow stem and whitish knob. Chaetotaxy: one small pprn, one pprn, one dc, ac in two rows, two npl, one sa, one pa, one anepst, scutellum with a pair of stout setae apically. All setae black.
Male unknown. Etymology.The specific name refers to the two bright yellow spots on basisternum.  Diagnosis. This new species belongs to the S. crinita species group. Species of this group are characterized by transparent wing, bare arista, yellow legs, mid and hind femora with apical dark brown ring. Within this group the new species is close to species with yellow face and totally black frons. The new species differ from all species of S. crinita species group by palpus with character coloration (yellow, darkened in basal half on anterior margin, with some black setulae apically). Among oriental species only S. stylocera from Philippines has these characters, but it is a much smaller species, 2.7 mm (4.8 mm in S. dichroa). Description. Female. Head black, shining, slightly shorter than height. Frons entirely black, shining; ocellar tubercle slightly shifted towards anterior: the ratio between height of the frons from its anterior margin to hind ocelli and from hind ocelli to vertex or in-ner vertical seta equal to 1.1. Occiput black shining, slightly convex. Face very narrow, yellowish, with triangular black spot in lower part, and consequently it seems dark; face with row of short setulae along suture. Parafacial yellow, covered with white tomentum. Basal antennal segments yellow, first flagellomere darkened, rounded, with short yellow dorsal setulae. Arista brown, bare. Mouthparts brown; palpus yellow, darkened in basal half on anterior margin, with some black setulae apically. Chaetotaxy. Three orbital setae, 1 ocellar seta, 1 postocellar seta, 1 inner vertical seta, 1 outer vertical seta, 1 frontal seta.

Strongylophthalmyia dichroa
Thorax black. Basisternum without a pair of yellow spots. Mesonotum slightly matte, clothed with short yellow dense setulae; postpronotum shining, practically bare; pleuron, including region surrounding anterior spiracle black shining, anepisternum with well-developed light or yellowish setulae ventrally near the mid-coxa and posteriorly near the pleural suture; scutellum bare, matte. Legs yellow, mid and hind femora with dark brown preapical ring; hind tibia with traces of darkening in the basal half; last two tarsal segments slightly brownish. Wings transparent; cell r 4+5 and posterior border of cell r 2+3 slightly smoke-coloured. Vein R 2+3 long, its end far beyond the level of dm-cu: section of C between R 1 and R 2+3 in 1.9 times longer than a projection of a following section (between R 2+3 and R 4+5 ). R 4+5 and M 1+2 nearly parallel apically. Vein M 1+2 between r-m and dm-cu approximately 2 times longer than previous one and nearly 1.4 times shorter than ultimate one. Cell bm approximately 0.45 times shorter than discal cell. Calypter dark grey with fan of very long light setulae on margin. Halter with yellowish stem and whitish knob. Chaetotaxy: one very small postpronotal seta, one dorsocentral seta, two notopleural setae, one supraalar seta, one postalar seta, one anepisternal seta, one stout apical scutellar seta. All setae black.
Abdomen shiny black. Body length 4.8 mm; wing length 4.0 mm. Male unknown. Etymology. The specific name refers to a bi-coloured palpus.  Species of Strongylophthalmyia are characterized by a slight shift of the ocellar tubercle anteriorly and in some species, the ocellar tubercle can be situated in the middle of the frons. Strongylophthalmyia gavryushini sp. n., however, has the ocellar tubercle positioned nearly on the edge of the vertex. The value of frontal index (the ratio between height of the frons from its anterior margin to hind ocelli and from hind ocelli to vertex or vti) is high, equal to 4.3. The frontal index of the other new species of Strongylophthalmyia described in this paper vary from 1 up to 1.7. Only S. tomentosa sp. n. has the frontal index equal to 2.7. The new species is characterised by fore femur with row of ten black setae dorsally and with row of long dense yellowish setulae bent lateroapically aside of femoral apex, proximally these setulae 1.3 longer than distally. Tergite six with long black setulae dorsally and 6-7 long yellowish setulae laterally (Figure 4b). The new species is close to S. trifasciata Hennig. Males of these species are similar by abdomen partially yellow. Strongylophthalmyia trifasciata differs by wing with a short cross-band in anterior part at a level of R s . At least last abdominal tergites of male are yellow, with black transverse band, tergite six with patch of thick black setae laterally ( fig. 20 in Hennig 1941).
Thorax black. Postpronotum laterally and dorsally, propleuron, anepisternum around spiracle yellow. Mesonotum matte, sparsely covered with short yellow setulae; pleuron shiny; scutellum bare, matte. Legs yellow, mid and hind femora with dark brown preapical ring, hind femur brownish basally; mid tibia with brownish spot in basal quarter; hind tibia brown, yellow basally and apically. Fore femur with prominent row of ten black setae dorsally and with row of long dense yellowish setulae bent lateroapically aside of femoral apex, proximally these setulae almost as long as femor width. Mid tibia with two spurs, yellow and black, both 0.1 mm. Wings with apical spot, median transverse band at level of dm-cu and with weak darkening in anterior part at level of R s . Vein R 2+3 long, merged with C vein far from the level of dm-cu: section of C between R 1 and R 2+3 1.6 times longer than section between R 2+3 and R 4+5 . Veins R 4+5 and M 1+2 almost parallel apically. Section of M 1+2 between r-m and dm-cu nearly 1.5 times longer than proximal section and around 0.6 times shorter than distal section. Cell bm approximately 0.4 times shorter than discal cell. Calypter brownish grey with fan of very long dark setulae on margin. Halter with yellow stem and whitish knob. Chaetotaxy: two small postpronotal seta, one dorsocentral seta, two notopleural setae, one supraalar seta, one postalar seta, one anepisternal seta, one stout apical scutellar seta (0.42 mm). All setae black.
Body length 3.4 mm; wing length 3.2 mm. Female unknown Etymology. The species is named after our colleague Dr. D.I. Gavryushin. Diagnosis. Strongylophthalmyia obtecta sp. n. and S. stricta sp. n. have the thorax with 2 dc and two rows of black setulae on the line of dc with one large setula before transverse suture, 2 rows of long black ac. Based on these characters both species are close to S. raricornis Shatalkin, 1981; S. raricornis differs from two new species by first flagellomere bilobate. Strongylophthalmyia obtecta sp. n. differs from S. stricta sp. n. in having fore femur and tibia yellow; and by having the two distal segments of the tarsus black (distal three segments black in female of S. stricta sp. n.)
Thorax black. Postpronotum laterally, proepisternum, anepisternum behind anterior spiracle yellowish brown, shining. Mesonotum matte, with rows of black setulae; dc row of setae includes 1+2 large dc; pleuron shining; scutellum slightly shiny. Legs. Fore coxa yellow with blackish stripe on anterior surface basally, mid and hind coxae yellow. Fore femur yellow, with blackish ring in apical third; mid and hind femora black, narrowly yellowish basally; fore tibia yellow, mid and hind tibia black, tarsi yellow, segment 3 brown, segments 4-5 dark brown to black. Wings with apical spot, median transverse band on level of dm-cu and with light brown spot anteriorly on level of R s . Distal border of median band nearly reaching apex of vein R 2+3 . Vein R 2+3 long: section of C between R 1 and R 2+3 1.5 times longer than section between R 2+3 and R 4+5 . Veins R 4+5 and M 1+2 almost parallel apically. Section of M 1+2 between r-m and dm-cu slightly concave, 2.5 times longer than proximal section and 0.7 times shorter than distal section. Cell bm 0.4 times shorter than discal cell. Calypter brownish grey with fan of very long yellowish setulae on margin. Halter with brownish stem and whitish knob. Chaetotaxy: one short postpronotal seta, two dorsocentral seta and two rows of black setulae on the line of dc with one large setula before transverse suture, two rows of long black acrostichal setulae, two notopleural setae, one supraalar seta, one postalar seta, one anepisternal seta, one stout apical scutellar seta and one short discal scutellar seta in front of apical ones. All setae black. Abdomen shiny black, with brownish tinge on anterior margin of tergite 1. Body length 4.2 mm (4.6 in paratype); wing length 3.7 mm (4.1 in paratype). Male unknown. Etymology. Obtectus (Latin) = matted. In this case it refers to the setulae covering the mesonotum.
Diagnosis. Strongylophthalmyia orchidanthae sp. n. is superficially similar to the S. lutea species group in having a yellow thorax. S. lutea species group is characterized by vein R 2+3 short and section of C between R 1 and R 2+3 0.7 times shorter than distal section between R 2+3 and R 4+5 . The new species has section of C between R 1 and R 2+3 approximately equal to distal section. This new species is similar to S. immaculata Hennig, 1940 from Formosa, which is included in the S. lutea group, i.e. characterized by short vein R 2+3 . but S. immaculata differs from S. orchidanthae by armed fore femur, abdomen entirely black, mesonotum without pair of brown longitudinal stripes, wing transparent. Strongylophthalmyia nigriventris Frey, 1928 from Philippines, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea is characterized by a pair of brown stripes coalesced in anterior part of mesonotum, as in this new species. It differs from S. orchidanthae sp. n. by abdomen entirely black, legs entirely yellow and pedicel yellow, first flagellomere brownish.
Thorax yellow with anterior 3/4 of presutural scutum black with one pair of black lines continuing along dorsocentral rows onto sides of scutellum. A pair of postsutural longitudinal stripes not merged with anterior arcuate area; in posterior part of mesonotum these stripes continued on scutellum. Scutellum yellow with black border laterally. Mediotergite blackish brown. Legs yellow, with coxae and tarsi white, two distal tarsal segments brown. Mid femur with light brownish preapical ring, mid tibia with brown subbasal band. Hind femur with light brown subapical ring; hind tibia with brown subbasal band; basal segment of hind tarsus darkened. Wings with brown apical spot and cross-band at level of vein dm-cu. Vein R 2+3 long: section of C between R 1 and R 2+3 nearly 1.1 times longer than section between R 2+3 and R 4+5 . Section of M 1+2 between r-m and dm-cu nearly 2.3 times longer than proximal section and 0.7 times shorter than distal section. Posterior basal cell approximately 0.6 times shorter than discal cell. Calypter yellowish with fan of very long yellow setulae on margin. Halter with yellow stem and whitish knob. Chaetotaxy: one very small postpronotal seta, one dorsocentral seta, two notopleural setae, one supraalar seta, one postalar seta, one anepisternal seta, one stout apical scutellar seta.
Abdomen yellow, tergite 1-2 with pair of black longitudinal stripes, tergite 3 with pair of light brown median spots, tergite 4 with large black triangular spot, tergite 5 with narrow dorsal band on anterior ¾. Sternite 8 large, situated on dorsal side, with large black spot. Epandrium yellow apically, brown basally.
Body length 4.3 mm; wing length 3.1 mm. Female unknown Etymology. The new species was collected on Orchidantha (Zingiberaceae).

Strongylophthalmyia stricta sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/6EDEDB8E-FE8D-4F51-AA68-BB1396B66110 Figure 7 Type material. Holotype: 1 male, Vietnam, Lai Châu Province, Sa Pa env. Diagnosis. Strongylophthalmyia stricta sp. n. and Strongylophthalmyia obtecta sp. n. have the thorax with 2 dc and two rows of black setulae on the line of dc with one large setula before transverse suture, 2 rows of long black ac. Based on these characters both species are close to S. raricornis Shatalkin, 1981; S. raricornis differs from two new species by first flagellomere bilobate. Strongylophthalmyia obtecta sp. n. differs from S. stricta sp. n. by fore femur and tibia yellow; two distal segments of tarsi black (instead of three distal segments in female of S. stricta sp. n.).
Thorax black. Postpronotum laterally, proepisternum, anepisternum behind anterior spiracle yellowish brown, shining. Mesonotum matte, with rows of black setulae; 1+3 large dorsocentral setae; pleuron shining; scutellum matte. Legs. Fore coxa black with anterolateral margin of fore coxa yellowish and mid and hind coxae yellowish distally, fore femur black, narrowly yellowish basally and apically; mid and hind femora black; fore tibia yellow with brownish ring in basal third; mid and hind tibia black, tarsi yellow, two distal segments black. Hind trochanter with a posterior round blackish spot; hind femur basally with round posteroventral process, without 3-4 ventral setulae (as in male of S. papuana), and with small subbasal black posterior process with two yellow setulae on it and with two yellow setae on trochanter distally to this process. Wings with apical spot, median transverse band at level of dm-cu and light brown spot anteriorly at level of R s . Distal border of median band reaching apex of vein R 2+3 . Vein R 2+3 long: section of C between R 1 and R 2+3 1.3 times longer than penultimate section (between R 2+3 and R 4+5 ). Veins R 4+5 and M 1+2 almost parallel apically. Proximal section of M 1+2 between r-m and dm-cu 2.7 times longer than proximal one and 0.7 times shorter than distal one. Cell bm 0.4 times shorter than discal cell. Calypter brownish grey, with fan of very long light setulae on margin. Halter with brownish stem and whitish knob. Chaetotaxy: one small postpronotal seta, 1+3 dorsocentral setae, two rows of acrostichal setulae, two notopleural setae, one supraalar seta, one postalar seta, one anepisternal seta, one stout apical scutellar seta and one short discal scutellar seta in front of apical seta. All setae black. Abdomen black, shining, with two yellowish spots dorsally on first tergite. Body length 3.3 mm; wing length 2.9 mm. Female differs by having three black distal tarsal segments; abdomen totally black; trochanter without processes.
Body length 4.8 mm; wing length 4.2 mm. Etymology. Strongylophthalmyia stricta is characterized by a dense field of adjoining setulae on the scutum that are sticking out or protrusive (strictus in Latin), and rarely ordered in regular lines.  Diagnosis. The new species belongs to a large and varied group of species with a yellow postpronotum. Within this group, Strongylophthalmyia tomentosa sp. n. is close to S. bifasciata Wang & Yang from China (Zhejiang) on the basis of a longitudinal band running along R2+3 from its base to the medial transverse band. Strongylophthalmyia dorsocentralis has a similar wing band, but this species differs from first two species by many characters, including the coloration of the thorax and by the absence of microsetulae across the mesonotum. Strongylophthalmyia tomentosa sp. n. differs from S. bifasciata by the shorter vein R 2+3 , smaller size of apical spot and by bare arista. Strongylophthalmyia tomentosa sp. n. is also similar to S. annulipes sp. n. (see the diagnosis of S. annulipes).

Strongylophthalmyia tomentosa
Description. Female. Head slightly shorter than height. Frons matte black, narrowly yellow anteriorly. The ratio between height of the frons from its anterior margin to hind ocelli to the distance from the hind ocelli to vertex or vti is equal to 2.7. Occiput black, shining, slightly convex. Face yellow with row of short setulae along suture, clypeus yellow shining; parafacial yellow with silver grey tomentum. Gena black with small brownish spot between lateral margin of mouth and parafacial. Antenna yellow, first flagellomere rounded, 0.9 times shorter than height, dark brown on inner surface, narrowly yellow basally, widely dark brown apically and on dorsal margin externally, with short yellow dorsal setulae. Arista dark brown, bare. Mouthparts dark brown; palpus yellow, with short and thick black setulae apically. Chaetotaxy: Two orbital setae (posterior seta 2.6 times longer than anterior seta), 1 ocellar seta, 1 postocellar seta, 1 inner vertical seta, 1 outer vertical seta, frontal setae absent.
Thorax black. Postpronotum, proepisternum, basisternum, anepisternum around of spiracle yellow, and yellow coloration on postpronotum slightly extending to mesonotum (Figure 8a,b). Mesonotum matte, sparsely covered with short pale setulae; pleuron shining; scutellum bare, matte. Legs. Fore legs yellow, fore femur externally with pale brownish spot basally and apically. Mid legs yellow, mid femur with dark brown preapical ring, mid tibia: yellow, dark brown medially. Hind legs yellow, hind femora with dark brown preapical ring and with brown spot basally, hind tibia blackish, yellow basally and in apical quarter; fore tarsi yellow, mid tarsi yellow with brownish apical segment, hind tarsi yellow with three apical segments brownish. Wings with strong apical band, median transverse band on level of dm-cu (section of this vein between C and R 2+3 undeveloped). R 2+3 long: section of C between R 1 and R 2+3 1.5 times longer than distal section (between R 2+3 and R 4+5 ). R 4+5 and M 1+2 almost parallel apically. Section of M 1+2 between r-m and dm-cu 1.8 times longer than proximal section and 0.6 times shorter than distal section. Cell bm 0.6 times shorter than discal cell. Calypter light grey with fan of very long light setulae on margin. Halter with yellow stem and whitish knob. Chaetotaxy: one very small postpronotal seta, one dorsocentral seta, two notopleural setae, one supraalar seta, one postalar seta, one anepisternal seta, one stout apical scutellar seta. All setae black.
Abdomen black, shining, tergite 1 and basal half of tergite 2 yellow, and one pair of lateral yellow spots on anterior margin of tergite 6 extending to two thirds of its length.
Body length 3.6 mm; wing length 3.7 mm.
Male unknown.
Etymology. The mesonotum of the new species is covered with short setulae, giving it the appaerance of a felt surface.

Strongylophthalmyia angusticollis Frey
Strongylophthalmyia angusticollis Frey, 1956: 132  Diagnosis. Strongylophthalmyia angusticollis is characterized by the following combination of characters. Frons black, shining, yellow in anterior one third or quarter. Face yellow. Arista dark brown, pubescent. Thorax black, basisternum yellow in male or with a pair of yellow spots in female (original description lack these characters). Mesonotum matte, sparsely covered with short yellowish setulae. 1 dc. Legs yellow, mid and hind femora with preapical brown ring; mid and hind tibiae with wide subbasal brownish ring. Wings with apical spot, median transverse band at level of dm-cu and with light darkening in anterior part at level of R s . Wing median band expanded along cell r 4+5 in the direction of vein r-m. Abdomen entirely black, shining.

Strongylophthalmyia fascipennis Frey
Strongylophthalmyia fascipennis Frey, 1928 Figure 9 Strongylophthalmyia splendida Yang & Wang, 1998(1996: 459 (female). Diagnosis. Strongylophthalmyia splendida was described based on single female from Tibet (China), caught at a height of 2050 m. This species is characterized by some interesting and unique characters, including a head that is nearly 1.4 times longer than high (which is caused mainly by lengthening of the occiput). In other Strongylophthalmyia, the head is globular (approximately as high as long) and the occiput part is short, only 0.1-0.2 times shorter than length of the eye. Furthermore, the outer vertical seta is absent, the frontal setae are absent and only one short hair-like orbital seta is developed. We also note yellow coloration of frons with a brown round spot between the ocellar tubercle and the vertex.

Material
Other interesting character of the species is the presence of a large seta situated on the anterior part of the mesonotum near the postpronotum in front of posthumeral line (Fig. 9b). Vein R 4+5 is slightly arcuate, terminating behind the wing apex (Fig. 9a); vein CuA 2 is more or less straight; cell bm is rather long, terminating approximately at the level of the costal break; cell bm is shorter than the discal cell by approximately in 0.8 times.
Description of male. Head yellow, shining in black area, 1.4 times longer than height. frons with brownish to blackish (in view from different angles) rounded spot not reaching eye that extends from level of hind ocelli to postocellar setae. Ocellar tubercle slightly shifted anteriorly: ratio between height of frons from its anterior margin to hind ocelli and from hind ocelli to vertex or vti equal to 1.4. Occiput convex. Face yellow, with row of short setulae along suture. Parafacial covered with silvery grey tomentum. Antenna yellow. First flagellomere rounded, length almost equal to height, very large, 1.9 times less than eye length, with short yellow dorsal setulae. Arista dark brown, basally yellow, bare. Palpus yellow. Chaetotaxy: One short orbital seta, 1 ocellar seta, 1 postocellar seta, 1 inner vertical seta, outer vertical seta absent; frontal setae absent.

Strongylophthalmyia thaii L. Papp
Thorax. Postpronotum laterally, propleuron, anepisternum around of spiracle and basisternum yellow. Mesonotum black shining, sparsely clothed with short yellowish setulae; pleuron shiny, anepisternum medially without fan of 14-15 very long yellow setulae peculiar to male; scutellum shiny black. Legs yellow, hind femora with dark brown narrow apical ring; mid tibia darkened slightly in basal half; hind tibia darkened dorsally and ventrally in basal two thirds. Wings transparent. R 2+3 long: section of C between R 1 and R 2+3 1.6 times longer than a projection of the following section (between R 2+3 and R 4+5 ). R 4+5 and M 1+2 nearly parallel apically. Basal section of M 1+2 between r-m and dm-cu equal to previous section and nearly 2.0 times less than ultimate section. Cell bm approximately 0.5 times shorter than discal cell. Calypter light grey with fan of very long light setulae on margin. Halteres with yellow stem and whitish knob. Chaetotaxy: two small postpronotal seta, two dorsocentral seta, two notopleural setae, one supraalar seta, one postalar seta, one anepisternal seta, one stout apical scutellar seta and one short setae in front of apical ones. All setae black.