Corresponding authors: Rui-E Nie (
Academic editor: Astrid Eben
In this study, fifteen species of
Xu S-y, Nie R-E, Yang X-K (2022) Notes on spotted-elytron species of
Due to the rich species diversity of
The specimens were examined with an Olympus SZ61 microscope. Abdomens and aedeagus of each species were dissected using the following procedure: for dried or ethanol preserved specimens, the abdomen was separated and transferred to a vial containing 10% KOH which was heated in a boiling water bath for 20–25 min. The abdomen was moved to a clean cavity slide and the abdomen pressed with the back of a dissecting needle to extrude and separate the aedeagus. The abdomen and aedeagus were then washed with distilled water and carefully moved using fine forceps to another cavity slide containing glycerin for examination.
Habitus images were taken using a Canon EOS 5DSR digital camera, equipped with MP-E 65 mm f/2.8 lens. Illumination was by flash, and each photo was taken by a macro slide system.
Aedeagus images were taken using a Nikon D610 digital camera, linking a Zeiss microscope, with 5× objective lens. A cable shutter release was used to prevent the camera from shaking. The depth of field was determined by different sizes of the aedeagus. Helicon Focus 6 (
The label data were translated into English from the original Chinese. Accurate labelling data for all type specimens of species: A slash (/) divides the date into different lines of a label. A double slash (//) separates the data of different labels. Type specimens of the six new species are deposited in the
Specimens studied herein are deposited at the following institutes and collections:
Palaearctic region, Oriental region.
1 | Pronotum black or atropurpureus (dark purple) |
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– | Pronotum not as above |
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2 | Pronotum atropurpureus |
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– | Pronotum black |
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3 | From scutellum to middle area of elytra with an irregular brown band, after middle with 5 small brownish spots, arranged in two rows as 4:1 |
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– | Basal area of elytra with one atropurpureus oval spot adjacent to the scutellum, middle area of elytra with a transverse atropurpureus stripe and subapically with an atropurpureus spot |
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4 | Antennae black |
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– | Antennae not black |
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5 | Elytra yellowish brown, with a round black spot adjacent to the scutellum, middle area of elytra with a transverse black stripe followed by 4 black spots, arranged two rows as 3:1 |
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– | Elytra black, with two oblique transverse yellow stripes |
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6 | Ventral surface totally black, elytra with three wide subparallel transverse atropurpureus stripes and a rounded atropurpureus spot near apex |
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– | Ventral surface totally brown or only ventral surface of the thorax black |
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7 | Ventral surface of thorax black, after middle of elytra with a transverse black stripe |
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– | Ventral surface of thorax and abdomen totally brown |
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8 | Pronotum and ventral surface dark green |
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– | Pronotum not dark green |
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9 | Pronotum with black spots |
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– | Pronotum without spots |
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10 | Antennae brown except four basal segments orange |
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– | Antennae yellow |
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11 | Pronotum yellow, ventral surface yellowish brown |
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– | Pronotum reddish brown, ventral surface black |
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12 | Head black |
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– | Head yellow or reddish brown |
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13 | Elytra yellow, middle area with a transverse black stripe |
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– | Elytra yellowish brown, basal area with a slim black stripe, subapically with a wide transverse black stripe |
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1♂, China, Guangxi, Longzhou, Sanlian, 350 m, 13-VI-2000, Wen-Zhu Li, leg. (
China: Guangxi. India; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; Malaysia: Malacca.
China: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Gansu, Hebei, Shaanxi, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan.
China: Gansu, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan.
China: Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan.
China: Sichuan, Yunnan (new record).
China: Taiwan.
China: Sichuan, Yunnan.
China:
China: Yunnan.
Length 7.5–8.0 mm, width 4.0–5.0 mm (
Head distinctly narrower than prothorax; occiput slightly convex, with sparsely punctures; frontoclypeus surface smooth; frontal tubercle developed, triangular. Antennae longer than 1/2 length of elytra, basal three segments moderately shiny, from 4th segment, covered with fine pale hairs; length ratios of antennomeres I–V 1.0: 0.3: 0.3: 1.1: 0.9, in length 3rd and 2nd segment subequal, 4th segment longest, 5th–11th segment subequal. Pronotum transverse, ~ 2.5 × as broad as long; lateral margin subparallel, anterior margin concave, anterior corner indistinct, basal margin convex; disc area impunctate, middle area with a transverse shallow depression. Anterior metasternal process extending obviously beyond the front edge of the meso-coxal cavities, surface smooth. Scutellum triangular, smooth and impunctate. Elytra 1.5 × as long as broad, lateral margin after half evenly narrowing; disc slightly convex, with fine regular punctures, space between punctures larger than the diameter of puncture; epipleura surface smooth. Last sternite of male with distinct trilobite concavities, middle lobate wave-like (Fig.
Aedeagus almost parallel-sided from base to apex in dorsal view, apex obtuse angled, slightly curved towards ventral side; internal sclerites strong (Figs
The specific epithet
China: Guangxi.
Length 5.5–6.0 mm, width 3.0–3.5 mm (
Head distinctly narrower than prothorax; occiput concave, with strong sparsely punctures; frontoclypeus triangular, slightly convex, with punctures; frontal tubercle developed. Antennae (only basal four segments remain) basal three segments moderately shiny, 4th segment covered with fine pale hairs; length ratios of segments I–IV 1.0: 0.3: 0.3: 1.7. Pronotum transverse, ~ 2.3 × as broad as long, lateral margin rounded, anterior margin concave, anterior corner indistinct, basal margin convex, disc area with densely strong punctures. Anterior metasternal process reach apex of the mesocoxal cavities, with punctures. Scutellum triangular, slightly rounded apically, with sparsely punctures. Elytra subparallel-sided, 1.6 × as long as broad; disc slightly convex, two types of irregular punctures in elytra: space between smaller punctures smaller than diameter of puncture, epipleura surface smooth. Last sternite of male with distinctly light trilobite concavities (Fig.
Aedeagus slight broadened in middle area in dorsal view, apex obtuse angled, slightly curved towards ventral side; internal sclerites (Figs
The specific epithet
China: Gansu.
Length 5.0–5.5 mm, width 3.0–3.5 mm. (
Head narrower than prothorax; occiput distinctly concave, with sparse faint punctures; frontoclypeus surface smooth; frontal tubercle developed, nearly square. Antennae longer than 1/2 length of elytron, basal three segments moderately shiny, from 4th segment, covered with fine pale hairs; length ratios of antennomeres I–V, 1.0: 0.5: 0.5: 2.0: 1.6, 3rd segment and 2nd segment subequal, 4th segment longest, 5th-11th segments subequal. Pronotum transverse, ~ 2.2 × as broad as long, lateral margin rounded, after middle slight narrow, anterior margin concave, anterior corner distinct, basal margin convex, disc area with a pair of distinct transverse depressions with strong punctures;anterior metasternal process reaching apex of mesocoxal cavities, surface smooth. Scutellum triangular, impunctate. Elytra subparallel-sided, 1.4 × as long as broad, disc slightly convex, with regular punctures, space between punctures larger than diameter of puncture, moderately punctured in rows, ~ 14 rows across central portion. Last sternite of male with slight trilobite concavities (Fig.
Aedeagus slightly broadened in the apical area of dorsal view, apex forming distinct obtuse angle, curved slightly towards ventral side; internal sclerites (Figs
The specific epithet
China: Yunnan.
Head distinctly narrower than prothorax, occiput concave, with faintly punctures; frontoclypeus surface smooth; frontal tubercle developed, square. Antennae shorter than 1/2 length of elytra, basal three segments moderately shiny, from 4th segment, covered with short pale hairs; length ratios of antennomeres I–V, 1.0: 0.4: 0.3: 1.2: 1.1, 3rd segment slightly shorter than 2nd segment in length, 5th -11th segments subequal, the last segment longest. Pronotum transverse, ~ 2.4 × as broad as long, lateral margin rounded, anterior margin concave, anterior corner indistinct, basal margin convex, disc area with uniformly distributed fine punctures, near lateral margin with shallow inclined depression. Anterior metasternal process reaching apex of mesocoxal cavities, surface smooth, apex square. Scutellum triangular, impunctate. Elytra subparallel-sided, 1.6 × as long as broad, disc slightly convex, disc with uniformly distributed fine punctures, space between punctures larger than the diameter of puncture. Last sternite of male with distinctly trilobite concavities (Fig.
Aedeagus almost parallel-sided from base to apex in dorsal view, apex obtusely angled, slightly curved towards ventral side; internal sclerites (Figs
The specific epithet
China: Guangxi.
This species is similar to
Length 6.5–6.8 mm, width 3.8 mm (
Head distinctly narrower than prothorax, occiput and frontoclypeus with strong punctures and distinct hairs, frontal tubercle developed. Antennae reaching 1/2 length of elytron, basal three segments with long hairs, remaining segments covered with short pale hairs; length ratios of antennomeres I–V, 1.0: 0.5: 0.5: 1.6: 1.5, 3rd and 2nd segment subequal in length, length from 4th segment decreased gradually. Pronotum transverse, ~ 1.8 × as broad as long, lateral margin rounded, anterior margin concave with dense setae, anterior corner distinct, basal margin convex, posterior corner distinct, disc area with densely strong punctures. Anterior metasternal process not reaching apex of mesocoxal cavities, surface smooth, sides with hairs. Scutellum triangular, rounded apically, with faint punctures. Elytra subparallel-sided, 1.4 × as long as broad, disc slightly convex, with irregular punctures in two sizes, space between smaller punctures little larger the diameter of punctures, space between larger punctures smaller the diameter of punctures. Last sternite of male with shallow trilobite concavities (Fig.
Aedeagus almost parallel-sided from base to apex in dorsal view, apex obtuse angled, slightly curved towards ventral side; internal sclerites (Figs
The specific epithet
China: Sichuan.
This species is similar to
Length 5.0–5.5 mm, width 3.0–4.0 mm (
Head distinctly narrower than prothorax, occiput sparsely punctures, with a transverse depression; frontoclypeus slightly convex, triangular, with sparsely punctures; frontal tubercle developed, rounded. Antennae longer than 1/2 length of elytron, basal three segments moderately shiny, from 4th segment, covered with fine pale hairs; length ratios of antennomeres I–V, 1.0: 0.5: 0.5: 1.6: 1.2, 3rd and 2nd segment subequal in length, 4th segment longest, 5th -11th segments subequal. Pronotum transverse, approximately twice as broad as long, lateral margin subparallel, anterior margin concave, anterior corner indistinct, basal margin convex, disc area with sparse strong punctures and two shallow transverse depressions. Anterior metasternal process not reaching apex of mesocoxal cavities, surface with punctures. Scutellum triangular, surface smooth. Elytra subparallel-sided, 1.6 × as long as broad, disc slightly convex, with regular punctures in nearly 18 rows, space between punctures larger than the diameter of puncture. Last sternite of male with shallow trilobite concavities (Fig.
Aedeagus expanded at 1/2 and 2/3 distance between base to apex, apex sharp in dorsal view, distinctly curved towards ventral side; internal sclerites (Figs
The specific epithet
China: Yunnan.
China: Gansu, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou.
Habitus.
We acknowledge Valérie A. Lemaître and Michael D. Webb (the Natural History Museum, UK) for checking the English and giving useful comments. We thank the Institute of Zoology for providing the specimens. Special thanks to Jan Bezděk (Mendel University, Czech Republic), Antoine Mantilleri (Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle, France), Christoph Germann (Naturhistorisches Museum, Switzerland), Julien Lalanne (Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Belgium) and Mandy Schröter (Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Germany) for providing habitus photographs of some types of