Type material of Platyhelminthes (Monogenoidea) housed in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute/ FIOCRUZ (CHIOC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1979 to 2016

Abstract A catalogue of type material of monogenoids deposited in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ (CHIOC), between 1979 and 2016, is presented, given that the last list of types was produced in 1979. The monogenoid collection comprises type lots for 203 species, distributed across 14 families and 68 genera. Specific names are listed systematically, followed by type host, infection site, type locality, specimens with the collection numbers and references. The classification and the nomenclature of the species have been updated.


Introduction
Natural history collections provide important documentary evidence of biodiversity and the information that they contain is very useful. In the case of helminthological collections, the specimens acquired have been a source not only for knowledge of helminth biodiversity, but also for parasitological studies on taxonomy, systematics and identification of causes of zoonoses. The century-old Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ (CHIOC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, contains helminths that form part of the fauna of Brazil and other countries, from a wide range of hosts that were caught in different biomes. The samples are holotypes, paratypes and representative specimens of Platyhelminthes (Trematoda, Cestoda and Monogenoidea), Acanthocephala, Nematoda and other non-helminth phyla, such as Annelida and Arthropoda. Recently, a large number of species of Monogenoidea were deposited in the CHIOC, which reflects the increased number of taxonomists working on this group in Brazil.

History and composition of the collection
The CHIOC celebrated its centenary in 2013. Its history is intertwined with that of the Laboratory of Helminth Parasites of Vertebrates of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LHPV-IOC), which began with the fieldwork of Gomes de Faria and his student Lauro Travassos (Faria and Travassos 1913). The Collection also received important contributions from other researchers at that time and, since then, it has increased in size through incorporation of private and institutional collections of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (Noronha 2004. Today, the CHIOC holds around 38.400 samples of helminth parasites from South America and other continents. It is the biggest collection in Latin America and it is among the largest collections at a worldwide reference level (Rego 1982, Knoff et al. 2010, not only because of the number of types, but also because of the number of representative specimens (vouchers) that it contains. The collection has been constantly expanding through the large numbers of deposits made by Brazilian and foreign researchers. Some samples of arthropods (mainly pentastomids) and annelids (parasitic leeches) have also been accepted for inclusion in the collection, thus expanding its original nature of focusing on helminthological parasites of vertebrates, and resulting in a diversified parasitological collection.
All the material is organized according to the lots, which are numbered, recorded in an entry book, and digitized into a database. They are maintained in modern steel sliding closets and in a freezer that maintains some specimens and eggs of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 (Trematoda) at -30 °C. Most of the information on the sample collections is available on the CHIOC web page (http://chioc.fiocruz.br/) and through the speciesLink network of the Environmental Information Reference Center (CRIA). Deposits and loans of specimens, permission for visits to examine samples in loco, loans of books and reprints, mini-courses and lectures focusing on the history of the CHIOC, and professional capacitation courses are included among the facilities of this Collection.
The first and only catalogue of the type material held in the CHIOC was published by Rego et al. (1979). They recorded 719 types (only holotypes or type series) of helminths, including 408 of nematodes, 227 of trematodes (Digenea and Monogenoidea), 52 of acanthocephalans, 28 of cestodes and four of pentastomids. Subsequent to this publication, the collection has grown substantially and the number of types has increased significantly as well. The purpose of this article is to inform the scientific community about the acquisitions of the CHIOC by publishing a catalogue of types deposited up to August 1, 2016. Because of the large number of types, we are starting with the species of Monogenoidea. We have followed the articles 73-75 of the Code (ICZN 1999).

Material and methods
The specimens are stored in glass or plastic vials in 70% ethanol or as microscope slide preparations. All the material is available for consultation, but holotypes are not loaned. Unless otherwise stated, all type material is in good condition.
The catalogue is arranged taxonomically as subclasses, families, genera and species, under the original spelling and combinations. Subclasses are arranged following phylogenetic order. Families, genera and species are arranged alphabetically. The information on each entry is presented in the following format: 1. Original genus-species combination with author(s) and year of publication. Asterisk (*) denotes the type species of the genus. 2. Type host: species, author(s) and principal taxonomic group in brackets. 3. Infestation or infection site in the host. 4. Type locality: country, province or state, department, specific locality and coordinates (if available). 5. Primary type status: CHIOC catalogue number. The categories for the types used followed articles 73-75 of the Code (ICZN 1999). 6. Remark sections are inserted when necessary and include additional information about host, locality or status of the types. 7. References include publications in which the species was described and those that mention type specimens in the CHIOC.

Anacanthorus crytocaulus Van Every & Kristky, 1992
Type host. Pristobrycon striolatus Infection site. Gills. Type locality. Brazil, Amazonas State, Uatumã River, Samaumã Lake. Paratypes. CHIOC 33606 a-b. Remarks. Specimens deposited in CHIOC collected from the type host/locality. Holotype deposited in the INPA collection. Other paratypes deposited in HWML and USNM. The CHIOC was cited in the original description as one of those collections of deposit, but its number was not informed there.
Reference. Van Every and .
Remarks. Specimen deposited in CHIOC collected from the type host/locality. Holotype deposited in the INPA collection. Other paratypes deposited in HWML and USNM. The CHIOC was cited in the original description as one of those collections of deposit, but its number was not informed there.
Reference. Kritsky et al. (1992). Remarks. Specimen deposited in CHIOC collected from the type host/locality. Holotype deposited in the INPA collection. Other paratypes deposited in HWML and USNM. The CHIOC was cited in the original description as one of those collections of deposit, but its number was not informed there.

Anacanthorus douradensis
Reference. Kritsky et al. (1992). Remarks. Specimen deposited in CHIOC collected from the type host/locality. Holotype deposited in the INPA collection. Other paratypes deposited in HWML and USNM. The CHIOC was cited in the original description as one of those collections of deposit, but its number was not informed there.

Anacanthorus formosus
Reference. Kritsky et al. (1992). Remarks. Specimen from CHIOC collected in the Manaus Fish market. Holotype deposited in the INPA collection. Other paratypes deposited in HWML and USNM. The CHIOC was cited in the original description as one of those collections of deposit, but its number was not informed there.

Anacanthorus franciscanus
Reference. Kritsky et al. (1992). Remarks. Collection number referred to as CHIOC "33664" in the original description due to a mistake. Paratypes deposited in HWML and USNPC.