﻿Taxonomic study of the genus Kuvera Distant, 1906 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Cixiidae) with descriptions of two new species from China

﻿Abstract Two new species of genus Kuvera Distant, 1906, Kuveracampylotropa Zhi & Chen, sp. nov. and K.elongata Zhi & Chen, sp. nov., and a new Chinese record, K.basarukini Emeljanov, 1998, are described and illustrated from China. The females of two other species of Kuvera, K.laticeps (Metcalf, 1936) and K.ussuriensis (Vilbaste, 1968), are described for the first time. An updated identification key to Chinese species of Kuvera is given.


Introduction
The planthopper genus Kuvera was established by Distant (1906), with K. semihyalina Distant, 1906 as the type species by original designation. This genus belongs to the tribe Semonini of subfamily Cixiinae (Hemiptera: Cixiidae). Diagnostic features of Semonini include that the postclypeus is swollen, its clypeofrontal suture is convex, and the median carina of frons is incomplete or obscure (Holzinger et al. 2002;Emeljanov traces; vertex narrowest at subapical carina, widening towards anterior and posterior margins; anterior and posterior margins wide and parabolic, almost parallel; frons prominent, median carina only distinct on basal portion, not reaching the anterior margin of vertex; clypeus swollen, postclypeus with prominent median carina, anteclypeus carina sharp or arcuate; rostrum just reaching hind coxae; forewings with ScP+R usually forked distad of CuA, RP 3-branched, MP with 4 or 5 terminals, CuA 2 or 3-branched, and with 10-11 apical cells; metatibiotarsal formula: 6/7/(7-8); pygofer with a triangular medioventral process; aedeagus with 2 spinose processes arising near base of endosoma, and endosoma with 1-2 spinose processes; periandrium almost flat and widened at base; ovipositor elongate, orthopteroid and apically curved upwards; abdominal 9 th tergite with a distinct and elliptic wax plate.
Key to the known species (males) of Kuvera from China (revised from Anufriev 1987 andLuo et al. 2019) 1 Forewing crossed before middle by a curved, slightly broken macular fuscous fascia (Distant 1906 One or both of the spinous processes on lateral sides of the periandrium curved to the opposite side over its dorsal surface . Anal segment with apical lobes symmetrical (Tsaur et al. 1991: fig. 30 Redescription. Body length: male: 5.5-5.9 mm (N = 2). Coloration. General color blackish brown (Figs 1A, B, 3A, B). Eyes brown, ocelli yellowish brown. Vertex brown, pronotum dark brown and mesonotum blackish brown. Frons generally yellowish brown, blackish brown above frontoclypeal suture. Clypeus blackish brown. Rostrum generally brown except darker tip. Forewing semitranslucent, with a small irregular blackish brown spot at branch of Y-vein, stigma blackish brown. Hind tibiae yellowish brown and abdominal sternites blackish brown.
Male genitalia. Pygofer (Fig. 3D, E) symmetrical, dorsal margin concave and Ushaped ventrally, widened towards apex; in lateral view, lateral lobes arched extended caudally. Medioventral process triangular in ventral view. Anal segment (Fig. 3D, F) long, tubular, symmetrical, apical lobes slightly enlarged, 2.2 times longer than wide in dorsal view; anal style finger-like, not extending beyond anal segment. Gonostyli (Fig. 3D, E, G) symmetrical in ventral view; in inner lateral view, apical part extended, apical margin round. Aedeagus (Fig. 3H-K) in total with three processes. Right apex of periandrium with a medium-sized spinose process, curved and apex directed leftventrocephalad; spinose process on left side near apical 1/3 of periandrium being the longest, gently curved from left to right side over periandrium and apex directed to the right side; base of periandrium ventrally with one small tooth. Endosoma slender, structure simple, left side near the middle with a stout and short spinose process, apex directed dorsocephalad.
Host plant. Unknown. Distribution. China (Guizhou), Russia (Sakhalin Island).   (Metcalf, 1936), male C dorsal view D lateral view. Remarks. This species can be distinguished from other species of the genus by the following characters: anal segment symmetrical; aedeagus with three processes: right spinose process of periandrium curved and apex directed left-ventrocephalad; left spinose process of periandrium being the longest, curved over periandrium and apex exceeding right lateral margin of periandrium; spinose process of endosoma stout and short, apex directed dorsocephalad.

Kuvera campylotropa
Male genitalia. Pygofer (Fig. 4D, E) symmetrical, dorsal margin concave and Ushaped ventrally, widened towards apex; in lateral view, lateral lobes arched extended caudally. Medioventral process triangular in ventral view. Anal segment (Fig. 4D, F) long, tubular, symmetrical, apical lobes slightly enlarged, 2.6 times longer than wide in dorsal view; anal style finger-like, not extending beyond anal segment. Gonostyli (Fig. 4D, E, G) symmetrical in ventral view; in inner lateral view, apical part extended, apical margin round. Aedeagus (Fig. 4H-K) in total with three processes. Spinose process on right side at apex of periandrium being the longest, slightly curved and apex directed left-dorsocephalad; left side in the middle with a strongly curved spinose process, apex directed ventrocephalad; base of periandrium ventrally with several small teeth. Endosoma slender, structure simple, dorsal margin near the middle with a stout and short spinose process, apex directed dorsocephalad.
Host plant. Unknown. Distribution. China (Guizhou, Yunnan). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin campylotropus, meaning curved, referring to the strong curved spinose process on the left side of periandrium.
Male genitalia. Pygofer (Fig. 5D, E) symmetrical, dorsal margin concave and Ushaped ventrally, widened towards apex; in lateral view, lateral lobes arched extended caudally. Medioventral process campanulate in ventral view. Anal segment (Fig. 5D, F) long, tubular, symmetrical, apical lobes slightly enlarged, 2.0 times longer than wide in dorsal view; anal style finger-like, not extending beyond anal segment. Gonostyli (Fig. 5D, E, G) symmetrical in ventral view; in inner lateral view, apical part extended, apical margin round. Aedeagus (Fig. 5H-K) with three processes in total. Spinose process on right side at apex of periandrium being the shortest, slightly curved outward and apex directed dorsocephalad; left side near base with a slightly curved long spinose process, apex strongly recurved and directed to left side; base of periandrium ventrally with several small teeth. Endosoma slender, structure simple, left side near the middle with a stout and long spinose process, which extended beyond the apex of the endosoma, apex directed ventrad.

Distribution. China (Guizhou).
Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin elongatus, meaning elongated, referring to the elongated spinose process on the left side of endosoma.

Kuvera laticeps
Frons generally brown and clypeus blackish brown. Rostrum generally brown except darker tip. Forewing semi-translucent, with a very small irregular blackish brown spot at branch of Y-vein, stigma dark brown. Hind tibiae brown and abdominal sternites blackish brown.
Male genitalia. Pygofer (Fig. 6D, E) symmetrical, dorsal margin concave and U-shaped ventrally, slightly widened towards apex; in lateral view, lateral lobes arched extended caudally. Medioventral process triangular in ventral view. Anal segment (Fig. 6D, F) long, tubular, nearly symmetrical, apical lobes slightly enlarged, 2.4 times longer than wide in dorsal view; anal style finger-like, not extending beyond anal segment. Gonostyli (Fig. 6D, E, G) symmetrical in ventral view; in inner lateral view, apical part extended, apical margin round. Aedeagus (Fig. 6H-K) in total with three processes. Spinose process on right side at apex of periandrium being the longest, gently curved from right to left side over periandrium, apex strongly recurved at 90° and directed apically; left side near base with a straight long spinose process, apex directed ventrocephalad; base of periandrium ventrally with several very small teeth. Endosoma slender, structure simple, left side near the middle with a stout and short spinose process, nearly straight, apex directed dorsocephalad.
Female genitalia. Tergite IX (Fig. 7A, B, D) moderately sclerotized, with a large wax plate, nearly oval, dorsal and ventral margins concave. Anal segment (Fig. 7C) rectangular, 2.1 times wider than long in dorsal view, anal style strap-like. Gonapophysis VIII (Fig. 7E) elongate, and slightly curved upwards. Gonapophysis IX (Fig. 7F) with two middle teeth, distance ratio between distal middle tooth to apex and length of denticulate portion is 2.6. Gonoplac (Fig. 7G) rod-like, 4.6 times longer than wide in lateral view. Posterior vagina pattern as shown in Figure 7H, I.
Host plant. Unknown. Distribution. China (Guizhou, Sichuan). Note. The female genitalia of this species are described and illustrated for the first time.
Remarks. This species can be distinguished from other species of the genus by the following characters: anal segment symmetrical; right spinose process of periandrium being the longest, S-shaped, curved over periandrium and apex exceeding left lateral margin of periandrium; left spinose process of periandrium straight, apex directed ventrocephalad; spinose process of endosoma stout and short straight, apex directed dorsocephalad.  (Metcalf, 1936), female A genitalia, lateral view B genitalia, ventral view C anal segment, dorsal view D tergite IX, caudal view E gonapophysis VIII and gonocoxa VIII, ventral view F gonapophysis IX, lateral view G gonoplac, inner lateral view H posterior vagina, ventral view I posterior vagina, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.