﻿On eleven species of jumping spiders from Xishuangbanna, China (Araneae, Salticidae)

﻿Abstract One new genus and eight new species from Xishuangbanna, China are described and diagnosed: Bocusoideszhaoigen. and sp. nov., Euochinmiisp. nov. (♂♀), E.tangisp. nov. (♀), Eupoalogunovisp. nov. (♂♀), Indomarengowengnansp. nov. (♀), Laufeiazhangaesp. nov. (♂♀), Simaethahuigangsp. nov. (♂♀), and Synagelideschenisp. nov. (♀). The unknown sexes of three endemic species, Chalcovietnamicuslii (Lei & Peng, 2010) comb. nov. (ex Chalcoscirtus Bertkau, 1880), Indomarengoyui Wang & Li, 2020, and Rhenetriapophyses Peng, 1995 are described for the first time.


Introduction
As a result of a series of taxonomic studies and biodiversity surveys conducted over the last three decades, knowledge of the salticid fauna from Xishuangbanna, China has increased considerably (Li 2020;Lin and Li 2020;Hong et al. 2022). To date, the list of salticids from Xishuangbanna, including the eight new species described here, comprises at least 145 species, which is more than the number of species in several adjacent countries and regions (Logunov 2021; Wang and Li 2021;WSC 2022). However, there is no doubt that new records and species will be discovered in this biodiversity serve, secondary forest (21°57.99'N, 101°12.17'E, ca 840 m alt.), 18.viii.2011, Q. Zhao leg.
Etymology. The specific name is a patronym in honor of Qingyuan Zhao, the collector of this new species; noun (name) in genitive case.
Female ( Fig. 2A less-developed chelicerae with six promarginal and seven retromarginal teeth, a pair of white spots on the lateral margins of carapace constriction, without scutum on dorsum of abdomen. Epigyne ( Fig. 2A, B): slightly longer than wide, with tube-shaped, posteriorly located hood; atria paired, oval, extending transversely, with arched lateral ridges; copulatory openings hidden; copulatory ducts membranous at origin, followed by sclerotized portion ascending obliquely, coiled four times distally; spermathecae elongated, partly encircled by copulatory ducts; fertilization ducts slender, arched, originating from the anterior portions of spermathecae.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China.   (Żabka, 1985) from Vietnam in having a similar palp, but it can be distinguished by the following: 1) embolus with small, semicircular lamellar process (  versus with a larger, subtriangular process in C. vietnamensis (Żabka 1985: fig. 71); 2) RTA broadened and extending anteriorly at distal half ( Fig. 3C) versus somewhat tapered, extending antero-prolaterally in C. vietnamensis (Żabka 1985: fig. 72). The female of this species resembles that of Chalcoscirtus parvulus Marusik, 1991 from Greece, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Iran, and Central Asia in having paired, oval atria and straight, short copulatory ducts, but it can be easily distinguished by the following: 1) spermathecae separated by more than 2/3 their width (Fig. 4A, B) versus touching in C. parvulus (Logunov and Marusik 1999: fig. 93); 2) abdomen dorsally with a longitudinal, fusiform stripe across entire surface (Fig. 4E) versus with a pair of bars posteriorly in C. parvulus (Logunov and Marusik 1999: fig. 91 Chelicerae red-brown to dark, with two promarginal teeth and one retromarginal fissidental tooth with two cusps. Endites paler than chelicerae, with pale ental margins bearing dark, thin setae. Labium dark. Sternum colored as labium, almost heart-shaped, bearing dark setae. Legs I longest, dark brown except tarsi red-brown, with three and two pairs of ventral spines on tibia and metatarsi, respectively; rest of legs yellow, with dark brown femora. Abdomen suboval, dorsum dark brown, with longitudinal, yellow to dark brown fusiform stripe across entire surface, cluster of antero-marginal white setae; venter brown, with pair of rufous, oblique stripes medially, covered with dark, thin setae. Palp ( Fig. 3A-C): tibia thick, slightly longer than wide; retrolateral tibial apophysis narrowed medially, broadened, extending anteriorly at distal half; cymbium almost two times longer than wide, gradually narrowed at distal half in ventral view; bulb suboval, with sperm duct sinuous retrolaterally; embolus short, originating from antero-prolateral portion of bulb, blunt apically, with small, semicircular lamellar process at base. Female (Fig. 4A, B, E). Described by Lei and Peng (2010 (Wang & Li, 2020) from China in having a tapered embolus, straight retrolateral tibial apophysis and similarly sized, paired atria, but it differs by the following: 1) embolus forming a disc at base (Fig. 5C) versus indistinct in E. subwanyan (Wang and Li 2020a: fig. 5C), 2) copulatory ducts about 1/7 diameter of spermatheca and curved anteromedially (Fig. 5C) versus about 1/4 diameter of spermatheca and twisted entirely in E. subwanyan (Wang and Li 2020a: fig. 6C). The female also closely resembles E. luzonica Logunov, 2020 from Philippines in having thin copulatory ducts and large, spherical spermathecae, but it can be easily distinguished by the distance between the atrium and epigastric furrow, which is about 2/5 the spermathecal diameter ( Fig. 6) but less than 1/10 the diameter in E. luzonica (Logunov 2020: fig. 15 Carapace dark brown, with longitudinal, yellow area and dark radial lines on thorax, bearing dense, bilateral, white setae and sparse, golden, thin setae, denser at eye base. Fovea dark red, longitudinal. Chelicerae orange to dark brown, with two promarginal teeth and one retromarginal tooth. Endites orange to dark, white entally at tip, broadened distally. Labium almost linguiform, with several dark setae distally. Sternum dark brown, heart-shaped. Legs dark brown except middle 1/2 of metatarsi and tarsi pale or pale yellow. Abdomen suboval, dorsum rufous, dotted, with a subtrapeziform yellow patch at anterior margin, pair of transverse yellow stripes medially, two large, irregular, pale markings posteriorly; venter dark brown, with four dotted lines. Palp ( Fig. 5A-D): tibia short, about 3 times wider than long in ventral view, with tapered, straight retrolateral tibial apophysis about 1.5 times longer than tibia; cymbium about 1.8 times longer than wide in ventral view; bulb swollen, with strongly curved sperm duct; embolus forming a disc at base, followed by tapered, knife-shaped portion, coiled into about 1/4 circle, and pointed apically.
Female (Fig. 6A  Epigyne (Fig. 6A, B): atria oval, paired; copulatory openings anteriorly located, close to each other; copulatory ducts thin, strongly curved before descending posteriorly to connect with median part of ental sides of spermathecae; spermathecae almost spherical, touching; fertilization ducts lamellar, transversely extending, originating from anterior portions of spermathecae. Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China. Comments. Wang and Li (2021) mentioned that the generic position of Euochin yaoi Wang & Li, 2021 may need further confirmation. This is true for the new species and the following one as well for the same reasons. Etymology. The specific name is a patronym in honor of the late Guo Tang, a major collector of spiders from Xishuangbanna; noun (name) in genitive case.

Euochin tangi
Diagnosis. The new species can be easily distinguished from other congeners by the presence of anteromedial accessory glands of the copulatory ducts, and the long (longer than spermathecae) and medially fold copulatory ducts ( Fig. 7A-C), which lack accessory glands of the copulatory ducts, and have short (shorter than spermathecae) and not fold copulatory ducts in others (see Metzner 2022).
Description. Female (Fig. 7 . Carapace yellow to dark brown, with pair of bilateral yellow bands and longitudinal, an irregular yellow band extending from the center of eye field to posterior margin, covered with dark and golden setae. Fovea thin, red-brown, longitudinal. Chelicerae yellow, with two promarginal teeth and one retromarginal fissidental tooth. Endites paler than chelicerae, bearing dense, dark setae at ental margins. Labium dark brown. Sternum pale to yellow, covered with brown, thin setae. Legs pale to yellow. Abdomen suboval, dorsum gray-brown to dark brown, dotted, with a longitudinal, irregular gray band anteriorly followed by two pairs of muscle depressions, then several herringbone and arched stripes, as well as several pairs of irregular gray patches laterally; venter pale yellow, with irregular dark brown patches posteromedially. Epigyne ( Fig. 7A-C): slightly wider than long; atria oval, paired; copulatory openings slit-like, beneath the anterior margin of median septum; copulatory ducts thick, posteriorly extending at origin, then curving bilaterally before folding, obliquely extending posteriorly to connect with anterior ental portions of spermathecae, with short accessory glands anteriorly; spermathecae subspherical, touching; fertilization ducts lamellar, originating from anterolateral portions of spermathecae.
Male. Unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China.  Etymology. The specific name is a patronym in honor of Dmitri V. Logunov, who contributed significantly to the taxonomy of the genus Eupoa; noun (name) in genitive case.
Diagnosis. Eupoa logunovi sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from other congeners by the long, twisted retrolateral femoral apophysis (longer than the tibia), which is absent or shorter than the tibia in others (see Metzner 2022). The female of this species resembles that of E. prima Żabka, 1985 from Vietnam in having very long copulatory ducts, but it can be easily distinguished by the presence of a concave septum (Fig. 9A) versus absent in E. prima (Żabka 1985: figs 167, 168), and by copulatory ducts that are connected to the baso-inner portions of spermathecae (Fig. 9B), whereas in E. prima they are lateral to the spermathecae (Żabka 1985: fig. 169 28 (0.75, 0.80, 0.48, 0.25). Carapace yellow to dark brown, steeply sloped at posterior margin, with an inverted subtriangular yellow area extending from middle of eye field to posterior margin, bearing sparse setae at eye base. Fovea indistinct. Chelicerae pale to yellow, with two promarginal and four retromarginal teeth. Endites colored as chelicerae. Labium slightly darker than endites. Sternum almost heartshaped, paler medially, covered with thin, brown setae. Legs yellow, with three pairs of ventral spines on metatarsi and tibiae I, respectively. Abdomen suboval, dorsum dark, somewhat mingled with blue, with longitudinal, central, narrow yellow stripe across nearly the entire surface; venter pale, setose, without markings. Palp (Fig. 8A-D): femur about 2.5 times longer than wide in retrolateral view, with tapered, S-shaped retrolateral apophysis twisted into pointed tip; patella slightly wider than femur, with spiraled retrolateral apophysis; tibia wider than long, with strongly sclerotized, tapered ventral apophysis extending posteriorly to blunt end and squarish retrolateral apophysis; cymbium setose; bulb swollen, oval; median apophysis transversely extending in ventral view, forming small hook distally; terminal apophysis lamellar, extending antero-retrolaterally, with blunt tip; embolus filiform, coiled into circle distally, tip extending beyond cymbial tip.  Figure 9. Eupoa logunovi sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype A epigyne, ventral B vulva, dorsal C male holotype habitus, dorsal D female paratype habitus, dorsal E holotype habitus, ventral F holotype carapace, frontal G holotype chelicera, posterior H ditto, anterior. Scale bars: 0.1 (A, B, G, H); 0.2 (C-F).
Female. (Fig. 9A, B, D Epigyne (Fig. 9A, B): wider than long; atrium large, suboval separated by concave septum, with pair of arched anterolateral ridges and U-shaped posterior ridge; copulatory openings anteriorly located; copulatory ducts membranous at origin, and then leading to lateral, twisted, sclerotized portions that descend obliquely and connect to the base of elongated spermathecae; fertilization ducts triangular, originating from anterior portion of spermathecae.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the name of the type locality and is a noun in apposition.

Genus
Diagnosis. Indomarengo wengnan sp. nov. resembles that of I. yui Wang & Li, 2020 from China in having a similar habitus and L-shaped spermathecae, but it can be easily distinguished by the following: 1) atria separated from each other by more than their width (Fig. 10A-D) versus almost touching in I. yui (Fig. 11A-C); 2) copulatory ducts not coiled (Fig. 10A-D) versus distally coiled in I. yui (Fig. 11A-C). The species is also similar to Tauala elongatus Peng & Li, 2002 from China in the general habitus and the paired, separated atria, but it differs by the absence of accessory glands of the copulatory ducts and L-shaped spermathecae (Fig. 10A-D), whereas in T. elongatus the glands of the copulatory ducts are present and the spermathecae are tube-shaped (Peng and Li 2002: fig. 20).
Description. Female (Fig. 10A-J  setae anteromedially, bearing four clusters of white scales with two posterolateral to AMEs and two posterolaterally located on thorax. Chelicerae with two promarginal and three retromarginal teeth. Endites longer than wide, pale the ental sides. labium dark. Sternum elongated, almost fusiform. Legs I strongest, with enlarged tibia bearing cluster of leaf-like scales and five spines ventrally, others pale, with dark brown stripes laterally on femora and tibia. Abdomen elongated, dorsum brown to dark brown, with subtrapezoid sclerite near anterior margin and pair of indistinct white patches of setae laterally on anterior 1/3; venter gray-brown, without distinct markings. Epigyne (Fig. 10A-D): longer than wide; atria paired, almost round, separated from each other by more than their diameter, with pair of semicircular anterolateral atrial ridges; copulatory ducts flat, broad, extending posteriorly along longitudinal axis at anterior half, before contrary extending and leading to the slender parts that slightly curved medially and connected to lateral part of spermathecae; spermathecae prominent, L-shaped, with hemispherical processes at anterior margins; fertilization ducts originating from middle of longitudinally extending portions of spermathecae.
Male. Unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China.
Comments. According to the morphological characters, the new species and I. yui are similar to I. thomsoni (Wanless, 1978) and Philates chelifer (Simon, 1900) in having an elongated, flat body, a specific form of the copulatory ducts, and prominent spermathecae, which are absent in the type species of Indomarengo and Philates Simon, 1900, but both may not monophyletic and need further revision. We provisionally place our two species in Indomarengo. Diagnosis. The male was thoroughly diagnosed by Wang and Li (2020b). The female resembles that of I. thomsoni (Wanless, 1978) from Borneo in having a similar epigyne, but it can be easily distinguished by the paired atria and L-shaped spermathecae (Fig. 11A-C), whereas there is a single atrium and irregular spermathecae in I. thomsoni (Wanless 1978b: fig. 8B, D, E). The species also resembles Philates chelifer from Indonesia, but it can be easily distinguished by having the abdomen with pair of round patches and a transverse band anteriorly (Fig. 11E), which are absent in P. chelifer, and by the L-shaped spermathecae (Fig. 11C), which are almost U-shaped in P. chelifer (Benjamin 2004 : fig. 26C). (Fig. 11D). See Wang and Li (2020b). Female (Fig. 11A- 07 (0.64, 0.80, 0.45, 0.18). Carapace flat, red-brown to dark, covered with thin setae, bearing four clusters of white scales. Chelicerae, endites, labium, sternum, and legs similar to that of male. Abdomen elongated, dorsum brown to dark brown, with subtrapezoid sclerite, pair of round pale patches near anterior margin, followed by transverse pale band bearing pair of white patches at lateral margins; venter pale. Epigyne ( Fig. 11A-C): longer than wide, with arched atrial ridge anteriorly; atria paired, oval, nearly touching; copulatory openings located at base of atria; copulatory ducts posterolaterally extending before returning to the middle part, then continuing, coiled into two semicircles, connecting to the lateral sides of spermathecae; spermathecae prominent, almost L-shaped, with small, hemispheric processes at anterior margins; fertilization ducts originating from anterior portions of longitudinal extensions of spermathecae.

Description. Male
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China. Etymology. The species name is a patronym in honor of Ms Junxia Zhang, who has contributed greatly to the taxonomy of jumping spiders worldwide; noun (name) in genitive case.
Description. Male (Figs 12, 13C, D  Carapace squarish, red-brown to dark brown, covered with dense, white setae, and golden setae on anterior eye bases and clypeus. Fovea dark, longitudinal. Chelicerae dark red to dark, with two promarginal Figure 13. Laufeia zhangae sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype A epigyne, ventral B vulva, dorsal C male holotype habitus, dorsal D ditto, ventral E female paratype habitus, dorsal F holotype carapace, frontal G holotype chelicera, posterior. Scale bars: 0.1 (A, B, G); 0.5 (C-F). teeth and one retromarginal fissidental tooth with two cusps. Endites red-brown to dark, broadened distally, bearing dense, dark setae at ental margins. Labium dark, almost linguiform. Sternum yellow, covered with pale, thin setae. Legs pale yellow to dark brown. Abdomen suboval, with large, irregular, dark brown patch and two pairs of muscle depressions, covered with short, white, thin setae; venter brown to dark brown, dotted laterally, with pair of dotted lines medially.
Palp (Fig. 12A-D): tibia short, about 1.5 times wider than long in retrolateral view, with strongly sclerotized, subtriangular ventral apophysis pointed apically, and tapered retrolateral apophysis slightly curved, extending antero-prolaterally to a blunt tip in retrolateral view; cymbium about 1.7 times longer than wide in ventral view, with sparse, long, white scales at dorsum of proximal portion; bulb longer than wide, with subtrapezoid posterior lobe; embolus strongly sclerotized, short, curved towards retrolateral side distally, with a pointed tip directed towards about 1:00 position, and a tapered, blunt basal tooth.
Female (Fig. 13A Epigyne (Fig. 13A, B): wider than long, with pair of shallow hoods anteriorly; copulatory openings anteriorly located, slit-like; copulatory ducts swollen at origin, extending posteriorly to connect with the base of ental sides of posterior chambers of spermathecae, with proximal, conical accessory glands; spermathecae divided into two sub-spherical chambers; fertilization ducts anterior to anterior chamber of spermathecae, extended transversely.
Epigyne (Fig. 15A-C): wider than long, with broad posterior hood distant from epigastric furrow; atria paired, oval, separated from each other by slightly more than width of epigynal hood; copulatory ducts long, transversely extending before curving 90° then descending posteriorly, continuing into an S-shaped coil; spermathecae indistinct; fertilization ducts lamellar, extending anterolaterally.
Comments. The male of the new material is almost identical with the holotype in palpal and cheliceral structure except detail difference in the length of the apophyses of embolic division. Moreover, material studied in this paper were collected from the same locality as holotype in Menglun County, Xishuangbanna, China. Etymology. The species name is a noun in apposition derived from the holotype locality.
Description. Male (Figs 16, 17C, D Carapace red-brown to dark, squarish, slightly narrowed at anterior half, covered with dense setae and scales. Fovea indistinct. Chelicerae yellow-brown, with two promarginal and one retromarginal fissidental tooth with two cusps. Endites longer than wide, bearing dense setae at ental margins. Labium darker than endites. Sternum 1.5 times longer than wide, covered by pale, long, thin setae. Legs I strongest, covered with pale and blue scales on enlarged femora and tibiae, with two pairs of spines on tibiae and metatarsi, respectively; other legs yellow to dark. Abdomen oval, the dorsum with a large, irregular dark band followed by a broad, transverse, yellow band, entirely covered by large scutum, bearing short, pale, thin setae; venter dark brown, laterally with pair of longitudinal, pale setal stripes. Palp (Fig. 16A-D): tibia wider than long in ventral view, with short, straight, lamellar dorsal apophysis slightly pointed apically; cymbium about 1.8 times longer than wide, with lamellar, proximal retrolateral process; bulb almost round, with sperm duct extending along submargin; embolus flat, about 1/2 the bulb length, originating from antero-prolateral portion of bulb, slightly curved medially, blunt apically.
Female (Fig. 17A Epigyne (Fig. 17A, B): wider than long, with large, central, bell-shaped hood almost equal in length to posterior chamber of spermathecae; copulatory openings lateral to base of hood, slit-like; copulatory ducts thick, connected with anterior portions of anterior chambers of spermathecae; spermathecae divided into two chambers, anterior chamber oval, extending posteriorly, posterior chamber almost spherical, separated from each other by 1/4 their diameter; fertilization ducts originating from anterior portions of posterior chamber of spermathecae, extending anterolaterally.
Etymology. The specific name is a patronym in honor of Zhigang Chen, one of the collectors of the new species; noun (name) in genitive case.
Male. Unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China.