Species;Stage;N;TTL;BL;TAL/TTL;"BW/ODW (expanded)";"Mouthpart shape";"Narial rim";"Tail tip";References Atympanophrys "A. gigantica";35;5;"50.7 (42.6–54.9)";"16.9 (15.7–18.0)";"66.6 (63.2–68.4)";"62.6, N = 1";hastate;"serrated and raised";"broadly rounded";"Tapley et al. 2020b" Brachytarsophrys "Br. popei";26–27;2;"36.4±1.2 (35.0–37.3)";"8.5±0.8 (7.9–9.0)";71.7(–);"81.7±10.1 (74.6–88.9)";bi-triangular;raised;"bluntly pointed";"This study" 36–37;3;"36.4±1.2 (35.0–37.3)";"10.8±0.3 (10.5–11.0)";"70.3±0.3 (70.0–70.5)";"77.2±1.4 (75.6–78.4)";bi-triangular;raised;"bluntly pointed";"This study" 26–27;12;"\";"\";"\";"\";"\";"\";"bluntly pointed";"Zhao et al. 2014" 29;2;"\";"\";"\";"\";"\";"\";"bluntly pointed";"Zhao et al. 2014" "Br. intermedia";32;2;"45.0±4.7 (41.7–48.3)";"14.0±2.2 (12.4–15.5)";"69.7±1.7 (67.9–70.3)";"\";bi-triangular;raised;pointed;"Tapley et al. 2020a" 36;1;48.7;15.0;69.2;50.6;bi-triangular;raised;pointed;"Tapley et al. 2020a" 39;1;55.1;16.3;70.4;"\";bi-triangular;raised;pointed;"Tapley et al. 2020a" "Br. orientalis";36;1;33.9;12.3;69.2;"\";"\";"\";pointed;"Li et al. 2020" Boulenophrys "Bo. fansipanensis";25;2;"30.8 (26.5–35.0)";"9.1 (7.4–10.8)";69.1–72.1;"64.8, N = 1";bi-triangular;"serrated and raised";pointed;"Tapley et al. 2020b" "Bo. jingdongensis";25;1;27.9;8.9;68.1;"80.4, N = 1";bi-triangular;"serrated and raised";rounded;"Tapley et al. 2020b" "Bo. hoanglienensis";26;1;26.5;7.1;73.2;"79.3, N = 1";bi-triangular;"serrated and raised";pointed;"Tapley et al. 2020b" "Bo. shimentaina";25–27;4;"28.5±0.1 (28.5–28.6)";"7.9±0.4 (7.3–8.3)";"72.7±1.5 (71.6–74.4)";"72.3±5.8 (65.2–77.2)";bi-triangular;"serrated and raised";"bluntly pointed";"This study" 28;1;27;8;70.4;68.3;bi-triangular;"serrated and raised";"bluntly pointed";"This study" "Bo. cf. ombrophila";25;1;20.9;5.1;75.6;69.2;bi-triangular;"serrated and raised";"bluntly rounded";"This study" 26–27;2;"31.8±1.9 (30.4–33.1)";"8.7±0.4 (8.4–8.9)";"72.7±0.5 (72.4–73.1)";"62.7±1.7 (61.5–63.9)";bi-triangular;"serrated and raised";"sharply pointed";"This study" 36;1;33.7;10.0;70.3;61.4;bi-triangular;"serrated and raised";"sharply pointed";"This study" "Bo. nanlingensis";25–27;9;"26.0±6.4 (18.7–39.1)";"7.1±1.5 (5.3–10.3)";"72.8±1.8 (70.8–76.1)";"71.4±4.9 (64.7–79.6)";bi-triangular;"serrated and raised";pointed;"This study" 28–29;3;"30.1±4.8 (26.9–35.7)";"8.4±0.9 (7.7–9.4)";"71.8±2.1 (69.5–73.7)";"68.2±4.2 (63.3–71.2)";bi-triangular;"serrated and raised";pointed;"This study" 34;1;34.4;8.8;74.4;85.7;bi-triangular;"serrated and raised";pointed;"This study" 35;1;40.1;10.8;73.1;73.1;bi-triangular;"serrated and raised";pointed;"This study" "Bo. lushuiensis";26–27;3;"27.8±4.0 (23.1–30.3)";"8.0±1.1 (6.8–8.8)";"70.2±1.9 (68.0–71.3)";"66.8±11.0 (56.1–78.0)";"\";"\";"\";"Shi et al. 2021" 32;1;42.7;12.1;71.9;57.9;bi-triangular*;"\";rounded*;"Shi et al. 2021" 36;1;41.1;11.3;72.5;58.4;"\";"\";"\";"Shi et al. 2021" "Bo. rubrimera";37;1;33.3;10.5;68.5;"\";"\";"\";rounded;"Tapley et al. 2017" "Bo. baishanzuensis";31;1;22.7;"\";64.8;"\";bi-triangular*;"\";pointed;"Wu et al. 2020" "Bo. leishanensis";25–27;6;"29.7±2.3 (27.0–33.0)";"\";"64.2±2.1 (61.5–66.7)";"\";"\";"\";pointed;"Li et al. 2018" "Bo. jiangi";26;2;25.5–26.0;"\";65.5–70.4;"\";bi-triangular*;"\";pointed;"Liu et al. 2020" "Bo. lini";28;"not provided";"\";"\";"\";"\";"\";raised;pointed;"Wang et al. 2014" 31–34;"not provided";"\";"\";"\";"\";"\";raised;pointed;"Wang et al. 2014" Ophryophryne "O. elfina";25;5;"28.4±1.3 (27.4–30.2)";"8.6±0.1 (8.4–8.7)";"\";"\";bi-triangular*;"“nares tubular”";"bluntly rounded";"Poyarkov et al. 2017" Pelobatrachus "P. kalimantanensis";30;1;38.9;11.2;71.2;"\";"\";"\";blunt;"Munir et al. 2019" 36;1;47.0;12.9;72.6;"\";"\";"\";blunt;"Munir et al. 2019" 45;1;31.2;13.5;56.7;"\";"\";"\";"\";"Munir et al. 2019" Xenophrys "X. yeae";28–29;4;"34.3±0.4 (33.9–34.8)";"10.6±0.3 (10.2–11.0)";"69.0±1.2 (67.3–69.9)";"70.6±6.1 (64.8–78.0)";"\";"\";"\";"Shi et al. 2020a" 31–34;4;"34.9±1.1 (33.7–35.8)";"11.0±0.5 (10.4–11.4)";"68.4±0.5 (68.0–69.1)";"78.6±13.7 (66.2–92.9)";"\";"\";"\";"Shi et al. 2020a" 35;1;38.4;10.9;71.6;66.2;"\";"\";rounded*;"Shi et al. 2020a" "X. cf. pachyproctus";25;1;19.1;6.1;68.1;63.3;"\";"\";"bluntly pointed*";"Shi et al. 2020a" "X. medogensis (high-elevation)";27;1;33.7;9.5;71.5;98.1;"\";"\";pointed*;"Shi et al. 2020a" "X. medogensis (low-middle elevation)";35;1;42.7;13.3;68.9;85.2;"\";"\";pointed*;"Shi et al. 2020a" 38;1;43.6;13.2;69.5;83.1;"\";"\";"\";"Shi et al. 2020a" "X. maosonensis";25;2;"35.5 (34.4–36.6)";"8.8 (8.1–9.5)";76.5–77.9;73.2;bi-triangular;raised;"narrowly rounded";"Tapley et al. 2020b" "X. lekaguli";25;2;"\";9.0–10.4;"\";"\";"\";"not raised";rounded;"Stuart et al. 2006" 37;2;"\";12.1–12.9;"\";"\";"\";"not raised";rounded;"Stuart et al. 2006" 38;1;"\";13.8;"\";"\";"\";"not raised";rounded;"Stuart et al. 2006" 42;1;"\";14.2;"\";"\";"\";"not raised";rounded;"Stuart et al. 2006" "X. serchhipii";32;1;28.6;10;65.0;"\";"\";"\";"\";"Raj et al. 2022" 34;4;29.9±1.40;10.2±0.30;"\";"\";"\";"\";"\";"Raj et al. 2022" 36;4;29.3±0.47;11.3±0.11;"72, N = 1";"\";"\";"“an elevated projection”";pointed;"Raj et al. 2022" 37;1;28.9;11.9;58.8;"\";"\";"\";"\";"Raj et al. 2022" 38;1;35.6;13.0;63.5;"\";"\";"\";"\";"Raj et al. 2022" "X. monticola";25;7;"24.7±2.7 (21.1–28.1), N = 5";"6.9±0.9 (5.9–8.2)";"70–71, N = 4";"\";"\";“waves”;"finely rounded";"Deuti et al. 2017" "X. periosa";27;3;"30.4±1.5 (29.0–32.0)";"8.9±0.1 (8.4–9.5)";"70.7±0.4 (70.3–71.0)";"60.3±3.6 (58.2–64.5)";bi-triangular*;"\";"bluntly pointed";"Shi et al. 2020b" 34;3;"47.3±4.4 (42.7–51.4)";"12.8±0.9 (12.1–13.8)";"72.9±1.1 (71.7–73.9)";"75.8±5.9 (69.9–81.6)";bi-triangular*;"\";"bluntly pointed";"Shi et al. 2020b" "Incertae sedis with Megophryinae" "“Megophrys” dringi";25;4;"32.28±6.05 (23.23–37.63)";"9.11±1.89 (6.74–11.35)";"71±2 (69–73)";"\";"\";"raised and projected";pointed*;"Oberhummer et al. 2014"