Papiliocoelotes gen. n., a new genus of Coelotinae (Araneae, Agelenidae) spiders from the Wuling Mountains, China

Abstract One new genus of the spider subfamily Coelotinae, Papiliocoelotes gen. n., with five new species is described for both sexes: Papiliocoelotes guanyinensis sp. n., Papiliocoelotes guitangensis sp. n., Papiliocoelotes jiepingensis sp. n., Papiliocoelotes meiyuensis sp. n., Papiliocoelotes yezhouensis sp. n. All new species were collected from caves in the Wuling Mountains of Hubei and Hunan Provinces, China. DNA barcodes were obtained for future use.


Introduction
Coelotine spiders are only distributed in the temperate and tropical areas of the Northern Hemisphere. So far, a total of 657 valid species belonging to 24 genera (Wang 2012, Chen et al. 2015b, Chen et al. 2016) are known, and 18 genera are distributed in China. Wang (2002) erected 10 new genera, and more than half of them are primarily distributed in southern China. This distribution shows that the potential generic-level diversity of coelotine spiders is yet to be discovered (although three of those genera are considered synonyms and no longer used) (World Spider Catalog 2016). In the last three years, a new genus from southern China (Chen et al. 2015b) and many new coelotine species were described successively from China (Chen et al. 2015a, Jiang andChen 2015) and adjacent regions: Caucasus (Kovblyuk et al. 2013), Japan (Okumura 2013) and Korea (Kim and Ye 2013, Seo 2014, suggesting that there are still many poorly known species and genera in those areas.
In this study, a new genus of coelotine spider, Papiliocoelotes gen. n. and five new species from Hubei and Hunan Provinces in southern China are reported.

Material and methods
Specimens were examined with a LEICA M205C stereomicroscope. Images were captured with an Olympus C7070 wide zoom digital camera (7.1 megapixels) mounted on an Olympus SZX12 dissecting microscope. Epigynes and male palps were examined after dissection from the spiders' bodies.
All measurements were obtained using a LEICA M205C stereomicroscope and are given in millimeters. Leg measurements are shown as: total length (femur, patella + tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). Only structures (palp and legs) on the left side of the body were described and measured. The abbreviations and terminology used in the text follows Wang (2002). The pattern was not described for each species because it is shown in the figures and is nearly the same in all species. Abbreviations used in this paper and in the figure legends: ALE = anterior lateral eye; AME = anterior median eye; AME-ALE = distance between AME and ALE; AME-AME = distance between AME and AME; ALE-PLE = distance between ALE and PLE; BH = basal hematodocha; C = conductor; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; CF = cymbial furrow; E = embolus; EB = embolic base; FD = fertilization duct; H = epigynal hood; PA = patellar apophysis; PLE = posterior lateral eye; PME = posterior median eye; PME-PLE = distance between PME and PLE; PME-PME = distance between PME and PME; RTA = retroventral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; ST = subtegulum; T = tegulum; TA = tegular apophysis; PC = patellar condyle.
All species were collected from caves in the Wuling Mountains. All specimens (including molecular vouchers) are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (IZCAS). Etymology. The generic name is derived from the Latin word "Papilio", meaning "butterfly, moth", referring to the shape of the endogyne, and "Coelotes" referring to the similarity with the nominal genus of the subfamily. The gender is masculine.
Diagnosis. Males can be easily distinguished from other coelotines, except Platocoelotes Wang, 2002, by the absence of a median apophysis and the presence of an elongated tegular apophysis. They can be distinguished from Platocoelotes by the broad conductor without the embolus inside and the relatively short embolus that terminates at the base of conductor (  Wang, 2002, by having no epigynal teeth and the presence of epigynal hoods. They can be distinguished from Platocoelotes by the shape of the copulatory ducts, which are weakly sclerotized and spiraled, whereas the copulatory ducts are usually broad in Platocoelotes ( Fig. 2A-B; Chen et al. 2015a). They can distinguished from Spiricoelotes by the positions of the epigynal hoods that are located mediolaterally or posterolaterally on the epigynal plate, whereas the epigynal hoods are usually located anterolaterally in Spiricoelotes, and by the sclerotized and spiral copulatory ducts ( Fig. 2A fig. 2A-B).
Description. Small to medium-sized, with a total length of 4-7 mm; body color is shallow, with black stripes; carapace nearly pear-shaped, with radial pattern; sternum yellowish; abdomen nearly oval-shaped, with herringbone pattern in dorsal view; chelicerae usually with 1 to 3 promarginal and 2 retromarginal teeth in both sexes; leg formula (4 > 1 > 2 ≥ 3). Male palp with 1 patellar apophysis and 1 patellar condyle; retroventral tibial apophysis extending beyond the distal margin of tibia; conductor broad; tegulum with tegular apophysis; embolus filiform, relatively short and terminates at the base of conductor. Epigynal teeth absent; atrium usually small or indistinct; epigynal hoods located mediolaterally or posterolaterally; copulatory openings usually located centrally or posterior centrally on the epigyne plate; the shape of spermathecae and copulatory ducts butterfly-like; spermathecae located in posterior of epigyne; spermathecal head indistinct; copulatory ducts sclerotized and spiral.
Comments. In addition to morphological study, we reconstructed the phylogeny of coelotine spiders based on molecular data from 18 genera and 286 coelotine species (the phylogenetic analysis results will be published in a subsequent paper). The molecular phylogenetic analyses support Papiliocoelotes as monophyletic and closely related to Platocoelotes and Spiricoelotes.
Distribution. China (Hubei, Hunan) (Fig. 11). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the type locality; adjective. Diagnosis. The male can be distinguished from P. meiyuensis sp. n. by the short and wide tegular apophysis with a bifurcated tip, the broad conductor with a slightly bifurcated distal process and a long patellar condyle ( Fig. 1A-C). The female can be distinguished from P. meiyuensis sp. n. by the thick copulatory ducts that roll into a circle ( Fig. 2A-B).
Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 11). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the type locality; adjective. Diagnosis. The male can be distinguished from P. yezhouensis sp. n. by the large tegular apophysis that is longer than the length of the cymbial furrow, the lack of a patel-  lar condyle, the fin-shaped conductor and the dorsally extending patellar apophysis ( Fig.  3A-C). The female can be distinguished from P. yezhouensis sp. n. by the distinct copulatory openings and the epigynal hoods which are located posterolaterally (Fig. 4A-B).
Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 11).   Diagnosis. The male can be distinguished from P. yezhouensis sp. n. by the dorsally curved patellar apophysis, the apically rounded retroventral tibial apophysis, the large tegular apophysis with pointed tip and the conductor with 2 pointed distal processes ( Fig. 5A-C). The female can be distinguished from P. yezhouensis sp. n. by the small and shallow epigynal hoods, and the width of the copulatory ducts is slightly wider than the spermathecae (Fig. 6A-B).
Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 11).