Bayesian phylogeny reconstruction of Chondrinidae based on a concatenated dataset of nucleotide (COI and 16S) and amino acid (COI) sequences. All depicted apertures are after Gittenberger (1973), except F and I which are after Kerney, Cameron and Gittenberger (1980). Aperture D is not of Granopupa persica, but of the closely related Granopupa arabica. Inset J shows a photo of Granaria grossecostata, after Höltke and Rasser (2013: fig. 5) (with permission).