Further contributions to the staphylinid fauna of New Brunswick, Canada, and the USA, with descriptions of two new Proteinus species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)

Abstract This paper treats the discovery of new species and new records of Staphylinidae from the subfamilies Omaliinae, Proteininae, Tachyporinae, Oxytelinae, Scydmaeninae, Steninae, Euaesthetinae, Pseudopsinae, Paederinae, and Staphylininae for the province of New Brunswick and other provinces of Canada, and the USA. We report here two species new to science, three new North American records, nine new Canadian records, two new USA records, and 50 new provincial records. The following are the species new to science: Proteinus hughesi Webster & Davies, sp. n. and Proteinus sweeneyi Webster & Klimaszewski, sp. n. (Proteininae). Sepedophilus immaculatus (Stephens) and Carpelimus erichsoni (Sharp), Carpelimus mundus (Sharp) are newly recorded from North America. New Canadian records are as follows: Carpelimus difficilis (Casey), Carpelimus gracilis (Mannerheim), Carpelimus lacustris (Notman), Carpelimus probus (Casey), Carpelimus pusillus (Gravenhorst), Carpelimus rivularis (Motschulsky), Carpelimus spretus (Casey), Carpelimus weissi (Notman) (Oxytelinae), and Edaphus lederi Eppelsheim (Euaesthetinae). This is the first record of the genus Edaphus for Canada. Bledius basalis LeConte and Carpelimus obesus (Kiesenwetter) (Oxytelinae) are removed from the faunal list of New Brunswick. Proteinus acadiensis Klimaszewski and Proteinus pseudothomasi Klimaszewski are newly recorded from the USA and several provinces of Canada. Habitat data from New Brunswick are provided for most of the species treated in this contribution.

Distribution in Canada and Alaska. AB, ON, QC, NB, NS . Natural history. This species was collected in a red oak (Quercus rubra L.) forest, a hardwood forest on an island, a mixed forest, and a red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) forest. Specimens were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in most of the above forest types, others were found in decaying (moldy) corncobs and cornhusks, and one was collected in a dung (pitfall) trap. Adults were collected in April, May, June, and July.

Subfamily Proteininae Erichson, 1839
The Proteininae are a relatively small subfamily of Staphylinidae with two genera of small, relatively broad-bodied species in North America (Newton et al. 2000). Both genera, Megarthrus and Proteinus, occur in NB. Members of the two genera are found in decaying fungi, carrion, and plant debris and are probably saprophagus or mycophagus (Newton et al. 2000). Four species (two from each genus) have been recorded from NB ). The two Proteinus species known from NB, P. acadiensis Klimaszewski and P. pseudothomasi Klimaszewski, were described from specimens collected at the Acadia Research Forest (Klimaszewski et al. 2005). Since that publication, three additional species of Proteinus have been discovered in NB, one being a new provincial record, the other two are new species and are described below. New jurisdictional data from NB, several Canadian provinces, and the USA are reported for P. acadiensis Klimaszewski and P. pseudothomasi Klimaszewski.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. BC, AB, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS (Klimaszewski et al. 2005, Klimaszewski et al. 2007). In Canada, P. acadiensis is newly recorded from BC, AB, ON, and NS and is reported for the first time for the USA from ME and NH. This species is transcontinental in Canada.
Natural history. In NB, specimens were collected from decaying gilled mushrooms and rotting Tricholoma sp. mushroom in a red oak forest, in mixed forests, and an old spruce (Picea) & balsam fir (Abies balsmea (L.) Mill.) forest. Elsewhere, specimens were found in Boletus mushrooms, agaric mushrooms, Russula sp. mushrooms, a mass of mushrooms on a large stump, from berlese samples from mushrooms, moose dung, and leaf litter, sifted from mushrooms, a pitfall trap baited with dead shrew, sifted from various kinds of litter, such as mixed duff and moss, alder (Alnus) litter, and litter and frass in tree holes. Adults were collected during July, August, September, October, and December with most records from August and September. Little was previously known about the habitat associations of this species. Etymology. This species is named in honor of Cory Hughes (AFC), who worked with us on many of the projects that provided the new records for this paper and many previous publications. Without his assistance, many of these records would not have been possible.

Proteinus hughesi
Description. Body length 2.0-2.2 mm, head black, pronotum dark piceous brown and lighter than head; elytra piceous brown, often slightly lighter than pronotum, first two antennal segments testaceous, second segment sometimes darker, remaining segments dark brown becoming slightly darker towards last segment; legs testaceous; forebody and elytra with pubescence sparse, recumbent, directed posteriad; head and pronotum with distinct isodiametric microsculpture throughout, stronger on head, punctures widely spaced, shallow; elytra with punctation coarse, sparse, with little microsculpture, thus appearing glossy; pronotum with lateral margin arcuate in anterior third, then nearly straight to hind margin, hind angle nearly rectangular, narrowly rounded, hind margin sinuate; mesosternum with disc transversely rugose, with anteromedial carinae long, divergent, well-separated; mesosternal process very narrow, spiniform between middle coxae, without carina or pubescence; metasternum distinctly finely scalloped along anterior marginal bead, process very broadly rounded between middle coxae, disc sparsely pubescent; body shape and proportions as in Fig.  1. Male. First segment of front tarsus expanded, remaining segments normal; posterior margin of middle trochanter almost straight, with row of 3-6 short peg setae; middle tibia distinctly arcuate with a series of peg-like setae along apical 2/3 of inner margin; hind trochanter with single peg seta at middle of posterior margin; metasternum with broad glabrous impunctate area in front of hind coxae. Tergite VII triangular in shape, posterior margin rounded at apex (Fig. 3); posterior margin of sternite VII broadly rounded with a deep semicircular emargination (Fig. 4). Median lobe of aedeagus without angular subapical part in lateral view, with dark internal structures as illustrated (Fig. 2). Female. Similar to male but first tarsal segment only slightly expanded; middle tibia nearly straight, inner margin lacking peg-like setae. Tergite VII similar in shape to that of male; sternite VII without emargination.
Comments. We compared the genitalia of the types of all known North American species and available illustrations of the genitalia of all Palearctic species and found none matching this species which led to the conclusion that this species was undescribed.
Distribution. This species is recorded in Canada from QC, NB, NF, and NS, and in the USA, from KY. Natural history. In NB, this species was found in spruce and balsam fir forests, an old jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest, a mixed forest, and in a "Boreal" forest (spruce and fir). Most adults were found in rotting Tricholoma and other decaying gilled mushrooms. One individual was collected from gravel on a gravel bar along a small shaded brook, two were found among decaying (moldy) corncobs and cornhusks, and one from compost. Adults were collected in April, June, and October. Elsewhere, specimens were collected from malaise traps, pan traps, interception traps, and pitfall traps during May and June. Diagnosis. Body length 1.5-1.8 mm, head black, pronotum and elytra dark brown and lighter than head; first two antennal segments testaceous, remaining segments dark brown becoming slightly darker toward last segment; legs testaceous; forebody and elytra with pubescence sparse, recumbent, directed posteriad; head and pronotum with distinct isodiametric microsculpture throughout, slightly stronger on head, punctures widely spaced, shallow; elytra with punctation coarse, sparse, with little microsculpture, thus appearing glossy; lateral margin of pronotum broadly arcuate, widest at middle, hind angle obtuse, slightly rounded; hind margin sinuate; mesosternum with disk irregularly rugulose, with anteromedial carinae short, subparallel, well-separated, mesosternal process narrow, with fine, short carina between middle coxae, gradually tapering to acute apex; metasternum depressed along anterior marginal bead, process very broadly rounded between middle coxae, disk sparsely pubescent; body shape and proportions as in Fig. 5. Male. Front tarsus with first tarsomere expanded, twice as long as wide, remaining tarsomeres normal; middle trochanter with posterior margin evenly rounded, without peg setae; middle femur with posterior margin broadly expanded in apical half, with series of 2-4 stout bullet-shaped setae along expansion and one closer to base; middle tibia very broadly arcuate, with small fin-like projection at apex of inner margin, without a series of peg-like setae; hind trochanter densely punctulate; hind tibia with inner margin abruptly narrowing in apical 1/4 in ventral aspect, with sparse short erect setae. Tergite VII triangular in shape, posterior margin truncate at apex (Fig. 8); posterior margin of sternite VII broadly rounded with a shallow semicircular emargination (Fig. 9). Median lobe of aedeagus with angular subapical part in lateral view, with indistinct internal structures as illustrated (Figs 6, 7). Female. Similar to male but first tarsal segment only slightly expanded; middle tibia nearly straight. Tergite VII similar in shape to that of male; sternite VII without emargination.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. YK, BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, NB ). Proteinus parvulus was described from "Lake Superior" but was reported from localities in ON from that region (Batchewana Bay and Michipicoten River) soon thereafter by Hubbard and Schwarz (1878), which probably represents the material on which LeConte based his description. This species is newly recorded from YK, BC, AB, SK, MB, and NB in Canada. This species is transcontinental in Canada.
Natural history. In NB, P. parvulus was found in a spruce and fir forest and a red spruce forest. Most specimens were found in decaying gilled mushrooms. Adults were collected in August, September, and October. Elsewhere in Canada, adults were collected during July and August from fungus and litter in a pine, spruce, and poplar (Populus) forest, in toadstools in a pine and spruce forest, in agaric mushrooms, in a pile of rotting mushrooms, in Russula sp. mushrooms, sifted from old Boletus mushrooms and rotting mushrooms, and from mushrooms. Klimaszewski, 2005 Comments. Originally described from NB, and later reported from a yellow birch forest in QC by Klimaszewski et al. (2007), an examination of CNC material revealed additional specimens of this rare species from across Canada, as well as the eastern United States. Additional locality data from NB in the RWC are also included.

Proteinus pseudothomasi
Material  (Klimaszewski et al. 2005, Klimaszewski et al. 2007. In Canada, this species is newly recorded from AB, ON, and NF, and is reported for the first time for the USA, based on records from IL, KY, and PA. Natural history. In NB, P. pseudothomasi was found in a red spruce and balsam fir forest, a mixed forest, and a red oak forest during August and September. All specimens were found in decaying gilled mushrooms. Elsewhere, specimens were found in fungus, collected from Berlese sample from mushrooms, a flight intercept trap, from birch and maple litter beside logs, and at UV light in an oak forest. Adults were collected from April to October. Little was previously known about the habitat associations of this species. Etymology. This species is named in honor of Jon Sweeney (AFC). His long-term project on the development of a general attractant for the detection of invasive species of Cerambycidae provided numerous new species records from NB for the Cerambycidae and many other Coleoptera families.

Proteinus sweeneyi
Description. Body length 1.7-2.0 mm, head black, pronotum dark brown and lighter than head; elytra brown to dark brown, lighter than pronotum; first two antennal segments testaceous, remaining segments dark brown becoming darker toward last segment; legs testaceous; forebody and elytra with pubescence sparse, recumbent, directed posteriad; pronotum with microsculpture distinct, dilated on sides and at base, becoming isodiametric near center, punctures widely spaced, shallow; elytra with punctation coarse, sparse, with little microsculpture, thus appearing glossy; pronotum with lateral margin arcuate in anterior two-thirds, then almost straight to hind margin, widest just before hind angle, hind angle obtuse, narrowly rounded, hind margin sinuate; mesosternum with disk irregularly rugulose, with anteromedial carinae forming semi-circular ridge with anteromedial margin, mesosternal process broad, gradually tapering to narrowly rounded apex, with long, very fine median carina; metasternum very broadly rounded between middle coxae, disk sparsely, coarsely pubescent; body shape and proportions as in Fig. 10. Male. Front tarsus with first tarsomere expanded, parallel-sided, 3x as long as wide, as long as next 4 together, remaining segments normal; posterior margin of middle trochanter almost evenly rounded, without peg setae; middle femur with hind margin expanded in apical half, with 2-3 coarse setae on expansion; middle tibia broadly arcuate, inner margin without peg-like setae or projection; hind trochanter explanate, with dense patch of short pile covering half of posteroventral surface; hind tibia expanded in ventral aspect, widest at distal third, inner margin obliquely excavate in apical half, with dense patch of short erect setae near apex. Tergite VII triangular in shape, posterior margin truncate at apex (Fig. 12); posterior margin of sternite VII broadly rounded with a deep semicircular emargination (Fig. 13). Median lobe of aedeagus with an angular subapical part in lateral view, without obvious darkened internal structures, other characters as illustrated (Fig. 11). Female. Similar to male, but first tarsal segment only slightly expanded; middle tibia nearly straight. Tergite VII similar in shape to that of male; sternite VII without emargination.
Distribution. This species is known from MB, ON, QC, NB, and NS in Canada. Natural history. In NB, this species was found in a red oak forest, mature hardwood forest, black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) forest with Populus sp., a mixed forest, and on a sea beach. Specimens were collected from decaying Tricholoma sp., a gilled mushroom, decaying sea wrack, a Lindgren funnel trap, and a flight intercept trap adjacent to a composter. Elsewhere, this species was collected from mushrooms, moose dung, a mammal burrow, birch (Betula) and maple (Acer) litter beside logs, and from an emergence trap at a wood pile; some specimens were captured in malaise and flight intercept traps. Adults were collected from March to October.
Comments. We compared the genitalia of the types of all known North American species and available illustrations of the genitalia of all Palearctic species and found none matching this species, which led to the conclusion that this species was undescribed. There are several other species of Proteinus (P. atomarius Erichson, P. basalis Mäklin, P. brachypterus (Fabricius), P. collaris Hatch, P. densipennis Bernhauer, P. limbatus Mäklin [all examined]) reported from Canada, including a number of undescribed species (in CNC), that are mostly western in distribution. However, it is beyond the scope of this publication to present a comparison of our newly described species with all of the other North American species until this genus is revised. We therefore provide comparisons only for the five species known to occur in NB. The external morphology has a limited number of diagnostic features and the shape and structure of the median lobe of the aedeagus are the most reliable for species level identification.
Proteinus hughesi, P. parvulus, and P. sweeneyi are very similar in coloration and general habitus but differ most notably in characters of the pronotum, middle tibia, and the shape of the aedeagus (Figs 2, 6-7, 11) in the males. Males of P. hughesi have a row of peg-like setae along the inner margin of the mesotibia, which are absent in P. parvulus and P. sweeneyi (Fig. 1). The mesotibia of P. parvulus bears a small finlike projection at the apex of the inner margin (Fig. 5), while in P. sweeneyi the middle tibia is without any modification of the inner margin (Fig. 10). Females are more difficult to separate but they differ in the shape and microsculpture of the pronotum. In P. sweeneyi, the pronotal microsculpture is dilated laterally and basally, becoming isodiametric only near the center; in P. parvulus and P. hughesi, the microsculpture is isodiametric on nearly all of the pronotum. In P. hughesi, the pronotum is widest near the base, with the lateral margins arcuate on the anterior third, then straight to the almost rectangular hind angles; in P. parvulus, the lateral margin is arcuate throughout, with the widest point near the middle and the hind angle is obtuse. Proteinus acadiensis and P. pseudothomasi differ from the above three species by their coloration (light brown or reddish brown), the lack of modification of the middle and hind legs in the males (the middle tibia is arcuate in P. acadiensis), and the shape of the genitalia (see Figs 4, 31, 32 for P. pseudothomasi and Figs 5, 33 for P. acadiensis in Klimaszewski et al. (2005)).

Subfamily Tachyporinae MacLeay, 1825
The Tachyporinae occurring in NB were reviewed by Webster et al. (2012e). They recorded 23 species for the province for the first time. Here, we report three additional species.

Tribe Mycetoporini C.G. Thomson, 1859
Mycetoporus rufohumeralis Campbell, 1991 Material examined. New Brunswick, Queens Co., Grand Lake Meadows P. Natural history. One individual was captured in a Lindgren funnel trap in an old silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) forest. Campbell (1991) reported this species from river debris and moss and leaf litter.  .
Natural history. One individual was captured in a Lindgren funnel trap in an old jack pine forest. Elsewhere, specimens have been collected from under stones in damp areas, on banks of small streams, in wet moss, from under damp decayed leaves and rubbish, and occasionally in dung and carrion (Campbell 1973).

Subfamily Oxytelinae Fleming, 1821
Webster et al. (2012f ) newly recorded six species of Oxytelinae in their review of NB species of this subfamily. Makranczy (2014), in his revision of the Ochthephilus, described O. ashei Makanczy, based in part on a specimen from NB, and reported O. forticornis (Hochhuth and O. planus (LeConte) from the province, both of which were new provincial records. Here, we report an additional 15 species for the province, including eight species that are new for Canada and two species new to North America.

Tribe Blediini Ádám, 2001
Bledius basalis LeConte, 1863 Note. Bledius basalis was reported by Majka et al. (2008) from Jemseg, NB from moist bare clay in a silver maple forest 70 km inland from the Bay of Fundy. Majka considered this location unusual as this species is typically associated with slightly vegetated sand flats adjacent to the ocean (Herman 1976). This specimen, determined by C. Majka, was re-examined and was found to be B. annularis LeConte, a species previously known from the province. In NB, B. annularis typically occurs on moist clay banks along shaded brooks and rivers (Webster, unpublished). Bledius basalis is accordingly removed from the faunal list of the province.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. QC, NB, NS, PE, NF ). Natural history. Specimens were collected by splashing sand/clay in an intertidal area with sparse vegetation behind a barrier sea beach (sand dune).

Tribe Oxytelinae Fleming, 1821
Carpelimus Leach, 1819 Note. Examples of each of the Carpelimus species reported below were determined by György Makranczy, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Hungary. These specimens are currently in the Hungarian Natural History Museum. Other Carpelimus specimens of the species reported below were determined by R.P. Webster, based on the above determinations. The aedeagi of the adventive species were also compared to the illustrations provided by Gildenkov (2015) for additional confirmation. György Makranczy is currently working on a much-needed revision of the North American members of this genus, for which all published records (see below) must be re-examined, as the last revision was by Casey (1889). Eight of the 12 species reported below are new records for Canada. However, until a revision of the Nearctic fauna is completed, we have no idea what the true distributions might be in the rest of the continent, aside from the types and the records reported here. There are at least another 10 species of Carpelimus from NB that cannot be named at this time. Distribution in Canada and Alaska. NB (New Canadian record). The type series was collected in NC and MD in the USA. Carpelimus difficilis was later reported by Ulke (1902) from the District of Columbia (DC) and by Notman (1920) from NY State, but these records need to be confirmed.

Carpelimus difficilis (Casey, 1889)
Natural history. In NB, adults of C. difficilis were usually associated with the margins of streams and vernal ponds in various forest types. Specimens were found in saturated moss in a seepage near a creek in an old-growth hardwood forest, in leaf litter near a seepage and brook in an old-growth hardwood forest, in moss and litter near a brook in a mature red spruce and eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) forest, among leaves on muddy soil near a brook in a cedar forest, in flood debris on a river margin, in moist leaves on a vernal pond margin in a mixed forest, and a red maple (Acer rubrum L.)/alder swamp, and on a muddy river bank. Adults were collected during April, May, July, and September.  (2013) recently cited a record from France, but this was not accepted/seen by Schülke. This species is adventive to NB, possibly via the Mediterranean region, although this is not the typical source of adventive species in the region.
Natural history. All NB specimens were collected in May and September from decaying (moldy) corncobs and cornhusks, near a plastic composter.
Comments. Carpelimus erichsoni is very similar externally to C. bilineatus Stephens (also an adventive species) but has differently shaped internal structures of the aedeagus (Makranczy 2002, Gildenkov 2015. Distribution in Canada and Alaska. NB (New Canadian record). This Palaearctic species was not recognized by Casey (1889) in his monograph, unless as a synonym, but it was reported from North America the same year by Fauvel (1889) from MI and SC; the last record was by Ulke (1902) as the synonym tenellus (Erichson), from the District of Columbia (DC).
Natural history. Carpelimus gracilis was collected by treading emergent Carex and grasses on a lake margin, sifted from decaying (moldy) corncobs and cornhusks and collected with an aerial net during evening flight between 16:30 & 20:00 h ADT in a mixed forest opening near a residential area. Adults were collected during May, June, and September.  Distribution in Canada and Alaska. NB (New Canadian record). This species was described from Cranberry Lake, NY (Notman, 1924: 270). No other localities or data were included at the time and the species has not been reported again until now.
Natural history. In NB, this species was associated with various wetland habitats. Specimens were sifted from saturated moss in a mossy seepage near a creek in a hardwood forest, found in moss hummocks with grasses in an alder swamp, sifted from moist leaves on a vernal pond margin in an old red oak and red maple forest, sifted from grass litter on muddy soil along a stream, in moist leaf and grass litter near vernal pools in a wet alder swamp, and sifted from grass litter near a slow-flowing stream. One specimen was collected in a salt marsh by treading Spartina patens and other grasses near tidal pool. Adults were collected from April to July.  Frank (1982) cited Ecuador. György Makranczy determined specimens of this species and thought that this was a highly unusual record for an essentially tropical species (all other members of this species group are also tropical).

Carpelimus mundus (Sharp, 1876) †
Natural history. Specimens from NB were collected at u.v. light in a residential yard near a mixed forest. One individual was collected from decaying (moldy) corncobs and cornhusks near a plastic composter.

Carpelimus obesus (Kiesenwtter, 1844) † Removed from faunal list of NB
Note. Carpelimus obesus was newly reported from NB by Klimaszewski et al. (2005) from the Acadia Research Forest in Sunbury Co. These specimens, which are in the AFC and LFC, were re-examined and are not C. obesus. Carpelimus obesus is larger and has different genitalia from any of the Carpelimus specimens captured during the above study. However, none of these specimens can be positively determined to species at this time.  Natural history. This species was most commonly found among moist leaf litter on vernal pond margins in various forest types, including a mixed forest, red oak and red maple forest, red maple swamps, wet alder swamp, and a hardwood stand. A few were found among grass litter near slow flowing streams. Adults were collected during April and May.  (1871) and Fauvel (1889) from MA, MI, and TX in the USA, distribution typical for an adventive species; he also included LeConte's record of subtilis (Erichson) from the "southern and western states", which LeConte confirmed; the last record of pusillus in North America was by Ulke (1902) from DC. Natural history. All but one of the specimens known from NB were collected at a u.v. light in a mixed forest in July, August, and September. One specimen was collected by treading vegetation in a black spruce bog in June.  . Natural history. This species was found on pond, stream, and river margins in moist grass litter on mud, in leaf and grass litter on mud and clay soil, under litter on muddy soil, under drift material, and in fine gravel/sand on a stream margin close to water. One individual was collected by treading emergent grass into water along the margin of an oxbow. Adults were collected during May, June, and July.

Distribution in Canada and Alaska. NB (New Canadian record).
Carpelimus spretus was synonymized with the Palaearctic C. rivularis (Motschulsky) by Bernhauer and Schubert (1911) and it was cited as such by Schülke and Smetana (2015: 784), although Downie and Arnett (1996) cited C. spretus as a valid species with the type localities (MD, NC, and PA). They also cited C. rivularis as "poorly known", but with two of the same localities, PA, MD (p. 443). The two species are clearly different and are treated as such here. Notman (1920) recorded rivularis from NY. Hatch (1957) further complicated the matter by including C. rivularis as a synonym of C. bilineatus Stephens from the Pacific Northwest.
Natural history. Specimens were found on the inland margin of a salt marsh in litter on muddy soil, in moist grass litter on mud on a pond margin near a river, and in leaf and grass litter on mud/clay soil near a river margin in a silver maple swamp. Adults were collected during May and June. Distribution in Canada and Alaska. NB (New Canadian record). See comments above regarding Carpelimus spretus and the Palaearctic C. rivularis. Downie and Arnett (1996) cited C. spretus as a valid species with the type localities (MD, NC, and PA). Ulke (1902) recorded C. spretus from DC.

Carpelimus spretus (Casey, 1889)
Natural history. Carpelimus spretus were collected along river margins in NB. Adults were typically found among cobblestones near water's edge. Adults were collected in June and August. Distribution in Canada and Alaska. NB, NS ). This Palaearctic species was first reported in North America by LeConte (1877), but this was a misidentification of C. pusillus (q. v.); Ulke (1902) recorded C. subtilis from DC, and Bernhauer and Schubert (1911) listed it from PA and RI, the type locality of Casey's synonym, C. indigens. Natural history. Casey (1889) reported C. indigens as gregarious, on the underside of a stone in the damp bottom of a partially dry ditch. Most NB specimens were sifted from leaf and grass litter on mud/clay soil near a river margin in a silver maple swamp. Two specimens were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in an old-growth northern hardwood forest and a mixed forest. Adults were collected during April, May, and June. (Notman, 1924 Distribution in Canada and Alaska. NB (New Canadian record). There are no other records of this species aside from the unique type from NJ. Natural history. Carpelimus weissi specimens were sifted from moss in moss hummocks, sphagnum near vernal pools, and from moist litter and moss near vernal pools in alder swamps, red maple swamps, and an eastern white cedar swamp with red maple and black ash (Fraxinus nigra Marsh), respectively. Adults were collected during May and June (NB) and August (type). Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, QC, NB . Natural history. Both specimens from NB were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in a hardwood forest.

Subfamily Scydmaeninae, Leach 1815
Members of this subfamily occur in forest litter, moss, rotting logs, tree holes, and other moist habitats such as marshes and bogs (O'Keefe 2000). O'Keefe (2000) should be consulted for details on the adult and larval morphology, biology, and classification of this subfamily. Adults are predators of oribatid mites (Schuster 1966, Schmid 1988. Bouchard et al. (2013) listed 49 species of Scydmaeninae from Canada and eight species for NB. However, many genera of this subfamily in North America need to be revised, and a number of undescribed species are known from NB and Canada. Here, we add another species to the faunal list of the province.

Subfamily Steninae MacLeay, 1825
Members of this subfamily occur in various habitats, especially wetland habitats where they occur on rocks and plants near streams and rivers, ponds, and marshes (Newton et al. (2000). They also can be found on vegetation away from water and in forest leaf litter and debris. Adults are specialized predators of Collembola and other small arthropods (Newton et al. 2000). Adults use a specialized protrusible labium for prey capture and possess special pygidial glands that allow them to skim across water surfaces (Jenkins 1960, Betz 1996, 1998, 1999. The subfamily includes two genera, Dianous and Stenus, in North America, with two species of Dianous and 112 Stenus species reported from Canada , including one species of Dianous and 45 species of Stenus from NB. In this account, we record one additional species of Dianous and 13 additional Stenus species from the province. Stenus (Hypostenus) destitutus Puthz is newly recorded for Canada. Distribution in Canada and Alaska. AK, YT, BC, AB, SK, QC, NB, NS, NF .

Dianous nitidulus
Natural history. In NB, most specimens of D. nitidulus were found along fastflowing, cold, shaded brooks, shaded streams, and shaded river margins. Adults occurred on rocks or in moss (often saturated with water) on rocks on the stream margin and within the streams themselves. Some individuals were found on gravel bars or on clay/sand along shaded brooks and river margins. Adults were collected by splashing moss, rocks, and gravel in the above habitats, in May, June, July, and September. Distribution in Canada and Alaska. NB (New Canadian record). This species was previously known from as far north as NY and NH.
Natural history. In NB, adults of S. destitutus were found along clear, cold, fastflowing river and stream margins. Most specimens were collected by splashing exposed rocks with moss in the middle of a river or splashing emergent Carex hummocks within streams. One specimen was found among gravel and cobblestones near water. Adults were collected in May, July, and August.  . Natural history. In NB, this species was found in an eastern white cedar swamp in a small pond and marsh, a seasonally flooded marsh, and an old mixed forest. Specimens were collected by treading Carex hummock into water, treading marsh vegetation, and one was captured in a Lindgren funnel trap. Adults were collected in May, June, July, and September.  ). Natural history. Most specimens of S. pluto were found along lake margins (two sites) with emergent vegetation (Carex, Carex hummocks, and grasses). Adults were collected by treading vegetation into water. One specimen was sifted from drift material (tree bud material) near an eddy area along a small rocky, clear, cold river margin and another was found among cobblestones along a large shaded brook. This species was collected in June, July, and August in NB.  .

Stenus
Natural history. The sole specimen known from NB was found in a sedge (Carex) marsh and was collected by treading a sphagnum and Carex hummock into water during June.  ). This species is newly recorded from ON and NB.
Natural history. Most specimens of S. formicetorum were found along a lake margin with emergent vegetation of Carex and grasses. Adults were collected by treading vegetation into water. One individual was sifted from leaf litter along the margin of a beaver pond, one was sifted from drift material (tree bud material) near an eddy area along a small rocky, clear, cold river margin, and another adult was captured in a Lindgren funnel trap in the canopy of a red oak in a mixed forest. This species was collected in May, June, and July in NB, and September in ON.

Subfamily Euaesthetinae C.G. Thomson, 1859
This is a small subfamily, with 28 species reported from North America by Newton et al. (2000). Sixteen species in three genera were reported from Canada by , including four species from NB. Puthz (2014), in a review of North American species of Euaesthetus, lists 15 species for Canada and 13 for NB, nine of which were newly recorded for the province. Euaesthetus chantali Puthz, E. iripennis Casey, E. laeviusculus Mannerheim, E. ganglbauri Bernhauer, and E. mundulus Casey were new provincial records; E. floridae Casey was a new Canadian record. The following species were newly described from specimens, in part from NB: E. blanchardi Puthz, E. hermani Puthz, and E. websteri Puthz (Puthz 2014). Puthz (2014) noted that the holotype of E. websteri was in the Reginald Webster collection (RWC). The holotype has now been deposited in the CNC. Most species of this subfamily in Canada occur in the genus Euaesthetus , Puthz 2014.
Here, we report Edaphus lederi Eppelsheim, which is a new species and genus for Canada and NB.  (Reitter 1914)) with E. lederi, so all previous records of E. beszedesi are E. lederi. Puthz considered this species to be Palaearctic and adventive to North America and reported it from IL and KS in the USA. There is an additional specimen in CNC determined by Puthz from AL, indicating that this species is widespread in the USA. This species is widespread in central and southern Europe and may have been introduced into North America with leaf litter or other vegetable debris (Puthz 1974). Puthz (2010) reported it from Taiwan, where it is adventive. This is the first record of this genus for Canada. Natural history. The five specimens of this species from NB were sifted from a pile of decaying, moldy corncobs and cornhusks in September. It was reported from a corncob pile in IL and decaying vegetation in KS (Puthz 1974  . Natural history. The three NB specimens of this boreal species were captured in flight intercept traps in June in an old-growth white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and balsam fir forest in the extreme northwestern part of the province. Note. Newton et al. (2000) reported 24 species of Astenus from North America; seven species are reported from Canada and two (A. cinctus (Say) and A. discopunctatus (Say) from NB ). Here, we report two additional species from the province. Downie and Arnett (1996) provided a key to the species of northeastern North America which was used to identify the specimens reported below. The species occurring in New Brunswick and eastern Canada have good external and male genitalic (shape of aedeagus) characters for separating species. However, since there have been no revisions of this genus since Casey's (1905) key, the species names used below should be treated as provisional.
Astenus americanus (Casey, 1905  . Natural history. Astenus americanus was found in moist leaf litter, sphagnum and leaf litter, and in moist leaves on the margin of a vernal pond in forested wetlands. These included a red maple swamp, eastern white cedar swamps, mixed forests with cedar, a red maple/alder swamp, and a small sedge marsh in a mixed forest. Some individuals were found in a calcareous fen and a Carex marsh. Adults were collected in April, May, and June.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. MB, ON, NB . Natural history. This species was sifted from moss and leaf litter, and litter, grasses, and moss on hummocks near water in an old-growth eastern white cedar swamp. Adults were found in May and June.

Subtribe Medonina Casey, 1905
Medon ( Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, QC, NB ). The Palaearctic M. fusculus is adventive to North America and was first reported from QC in the checklist by Campbell and Davies (1991). Brunke and Marshall (2011) provided the first documented records for North America. Here, we present the first record from NB, as well as the data on which the distribution given in Bousquet et al. (2013) was based (CNC).
Natural history. In the Palaearctic, M. fusculus occurs in leaf litter and compost (Assing 2004). The sole specimen from NB was found in a compost pile in a mixed forest. Specimens from ON were sifted from deciduous litter in a small fragment of mature forest, collected from under a rock, in pitfall traps and canopy traps along hedgerows (Brunke and Marshall 2011), and sifted from damp beech and poplar litter by a stream in a deep ravine on agricultural land (CNC). The QC specimens were collected in pitfall traps on a raspberry plantation and at the edge of an orchard growing apples, pears, and plums.

Subtribe Scopaeina Mulsant & Rey, 1878
Orus (  . Natural history. In NB, two specimens of O. dentiger were sifted from decaying sea wrack on gravel sea beaches during May. Elsewhere, this species has been collected from March to November under stones, in soil samples, on lake shores, in sphagnum moss on the margin of a tamarack (Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch) marsh (Blatchley 1910, Herman 1965, from clumps of moss and grass in a swamp, and under a log on a riverbank (CNC). Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, QC, NB ). This adventive species from the Palaearctic was first reported in North America from Montreal, QC by Frisch et al. (2002), followed by additional records from ON reported by Brunke and Marshall (2011).

Scopaeus (Scopaeus) minutus
Natural history. In the Palaearctic, S. minutus is usually found in early successional habitats (Boháč 1985) and drier habitats than other members of this genus (Frisch et al. 2002). Specimens from ON were caught in passive traps in soybean fields and woodlot edges (Brunke and Marshall 2011). Most NB specimens were found on soil at the base of grass in a residential lawn. One individual was sifted from flood debris along a river margin.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, QC, NB . Rugilus ceylanensis occurs in the southern and eastern Palaearctic and Oriental regions, New Guinea, and Hawaii where it is adventive (Hoebeke 2010, Assing 2012. Hoebeke (2010) reported this adventive species for the first time for North America from several states in the USA, and ON and QC in Canada.
Natural history. All specimens of R. ceylanensis from NB were collected from a pile of decaying moldy corncobs and cornhusks. Elsewhere in the USA and Canada, this species was found in leaf piles, rotten leaves and logs, detritus, horse dung, and carrion (Hoebeke 2010), and at the edge of an orchard growing apples, pears, and plums (coll. C. Lévesque). In Europe, adults were found in compost heaps, mammal dung, carrion, and along lakeshores and riverbanks (Assing 2012).
insect surveys over the past 10 years, and the Meduxnekeag River Association for permission to sample beetles at the Meduxnekeag Valley Nature Preserve (which includes the Bell Forest). Biological survey work in the Jacquet River Gorge and Caledonia