Corresponding author: Buntika A. Butcher (
Academic editor: K. van Achterberg
The genera
Butcher BA, Quicke DLJ, Shreevihar S, Ranjith AP (2016) Major range extensions for two genera of the parasitoid subtribe Facitorina, with a new generic synonymy (Braconidae, Rogadinae, Yeliconini). ZooKeys 584: 109–120. doi:
The
Shortly after the original description of
Differences used by
Characters |
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Claw of middle leg | short, not pectinate | long and pectinate | long and pectinate |
Postpectal carina | absent | absent | distinct |
Fore wing vein 2CUa | short <= m-cu | short = m-cu | long > twice m-cu |
Carina between eye and antennal sockets | absent | present | present |
The holotype of
The holotype of
Terminology follows
Holotype female: “South Africa, Madlangula, Kosi Bay, 14.iii – 30.iv.1985, R. Kyle”.
Length of body 1.75 mm, and of fore wing 1.5 mm.
Head. Antennae broken. First flagellomere 1.05 × longer than 2nd and 3rd respectively; approximately 1.8 × longer than apically wide, expanding from base to apex. Width of head: width of face: height of eye = 1.0: 0.5: 0.42. Eyes glabrous, with distinct curving fine ridge between antennal socket and eye. Distance between posterior ocelli: transverse diameter of posterior ocellus: shortest distance between posterior ocellus and eye = 1.0: 1.0: 2.5. Frons and occiput smooth. Occipital carina complete.
Mesosoma. Mesosoma 1.8 × longer than high. Propleuron largely smooth. Mesoscutum irregularly sculptured, with deep pits at bases of setae, these forming very conspicuous submarginal rows; with rugulose sculpture between notauli posteriorly. Notauli deeply impressed and strongly sculptured. Precoxal sulcus running from anterior margin to just posterior of mid-length of metapleuron, rugulose. Mesopleuron and mesosternum otherwise largely smooth. Median area of metanotum with weak mid-longitudinal ridge. Propodeum largely foveate except for pair of triangular areas anteriorly on either side of mid-line which are finely aciculate; with short mid-longitudinal carina anteriorly.
Wings. Pterostigma 2.1 × longer than its maximum width. Fore wing vein r-rs approximately 0.65 × maximum width of pterostigma. Lengths of fore wing veins r-rs: 3RSa: 3RSb = 1.0: 3.0: 5.5. Lengths of fore wing veins CU1a: CU1b = 1.0:1.25.
Legs. Fore femur: tibia: tarsus = 1.3: 1.25: 1.0. Fore basitarsus 1.5 × longer than next three articles combined. Mid-tibial claw with well-developed, pecten. Hind femur: tibia: tarsus = 1.0: 1.2: 1.2.
Metasoma. Second metasomal tergite with fine longitudinal striation and interconnecting transverse ridges; approximately 1.8 × longer than third metasomal tergite medially. Second suture finely crenulate. Third tergite almost entirely smooth but with traces of longitudinal striation near lateral parts of second suture. Thrid-fifth metasomal tergites distinctly arched in lateral profile. Ovipositor sheath 0.4 × length of hind tibia.
Colour. Stemmaticum and mesosoma entirely dark brown, nearly black; head, antennae (part remaining) and legs pale brown-yellow; metasomal tergites brown. Wings hyaline with pale grey-brown venation.
Named after the senior author’s favourite film actor Brad Pitt, whose poster adorned the wall of her laboratory during her doctoral studies.
Unknown.
South Africa.
Unknown.
Montaged light micrographs of
Montaged light micrographs of
Holotype, female, “India, Kerala, Malappuram, Calicut University Botanical Garden, 14–21.xii.2015, Malaise Trap, ex. Ranjith, A.P.”
Holotype, female (♀), length of body 1.7 mm and fore wing 1.35 mm.
Head. Antennae with 18 segments. First flagellomere 1.2 × as long as second and third respectively, 2.1 × longer than apically wide, distinctly expanded from base to apex. Terminal flagellomere acute, 3.1 × as long as its maximum width. Width of head: width of face: height of eye = 13.4: 6.8: 7.1. Frons and occiput smooth with long setae. Eyes glabrous, with a straight groove between antennal socket and eye margin. Distance between posterior ocelli: transverse diameter of posterior ocellus: shortest distance between posterior ocellus and eye = 13.5: 10.25: 18.8. Occipital carina complete.
Mesosoma. Mesosoma 1.72 × longer than high. Propleuron smooth. Mesoscutum sculptured antero-laterally, smooth medio-posteriorly with long setae. Notauli impressed, meeting posteriorly and finely crenulate. Scutellar sulcus wide, deep and divided by a single carina. Scutellum smooth, sparsely setose with subposterior transverse depression. Median area of metanotum with medio-longitudinal ridge, rest smooth. Precoxal sulcus distinct only anteriorly impressed. Metapleuron medially smooth, rest rugose. Propodeum without medio-longitudinal carina, basal half distinctly foveate and with ‘H’ shaped carinae and transverse carinae. Pterostigma 2.9 × longer than maximally wide. Fore wing vein r-rs approximately 0.8 × maximum width of pterostigma. Lengths of fore wing veins r-rs: 3RSa: 3RSb = 2.8: 4.4: 12.5. Lengths of fore wing veins CU1a: CU1b = 3.25: 4.37. Fore femur: tibia: tarsus = 4.7: 4.58: 3.34. Fore basitarsus 1.6 × longer than next three articles combined. Mid-tibial claw well-developed, pectinate. Hind femur: tibia: tarsus = 5.4: 7.7: 7.0.
Metasoma. Metasomal tergite 1 distinctly striate, smooth medio-posteriorly, striae reaching posterior margin laterally, slightly convex apically, sparsely setose. Tergite 2 smooth, sparsely setose medially, setose laterally, 1.6 × as long as third tergite. Second metasomal suture slightly impressed, not crenulate. Tergite 3 smooth with a pair of setae medio-basally and postero-laterally. Rest of the tergite smooth, exposed in lateral view and sparsely setose. Ovipositor sheath setose and 0.42 × as long as hind tibia.
Colour. Body dark brown except scape, pedicel, first flagellomere, basal half of second flagellomere, maxillary palp, tegulae, legs and ovipositor yellow; face yellowish brown anteriorly below antennal sockets; propleuron ventrally yellowish brown; wings hyaline; pterostigma and venation light brown.
APR dedicates this species to Dr. M. Nasser for his encouragement and sharing his knowledge about the behaviour of parasitoids, and also for the fruitful discussions during the field trips.
Unknown.
India (Kerala).
Unknown.
Montaged light micrographs of
Montaged light micrographs of
1 | Scutellum without sub-posterior depression; occipital carina interrupted medially; mesoscutum without long setae |
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– | Scutellum with subposterior depression; occipital carina complete; mesoscutum often covered by long setae |
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2 | Fore wing vein r 1.5 × as long as 2-SR; malar space 2.8 × basal width of mandible; face sparsely punctate; second tergite largely smooth |
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– | Fore wing vein r almost equal to or shorter than 2-SR; malar space 2 × basal width of mandible; face smooth; second tergite rugose-punctate |
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3 | Mesoscutum entirely smooth or rugose antero-laterally; third tergite entirely smooth |
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– | Mesoscutum granulate; third tergite distinctly sculptured, at least baso-laterally |
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4 | Mesoscutum rugose antero-laterally; transverse diameter of eye twice as long as temple; frons without shallow pit near antennal sockets; anterior half of propodeum foveate, with ‘H’ shaped carina posteriorly and transverse carina; pterostigma 2.9 × as long as its maximum width; hind coxa entirely smooth |
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– | Mesoscutum entirely smooth; transverse diameter of eye 2.7 × as long as temple; frons with shallow pit near antennal sockets; propodeum densely rugose-reticulate; pterostigma 3.6 × as long as its maximum width; hind coxa rugose-striate laterally |
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5 | Hind coxa dorsally striate; second metasomal suture deep; pterostigma enlarged, 1.1–1.2 × as long as R1; third tergite distinctly and widely sculptured; mesoscutum distinctly granulate |
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– | Hind coxa entirely smooth; second metasomal suture shallow; pterostigma not enlarged, 0. 9× as long as R1; third tergite only baso-laterally finely striate or rugulose-strate; mesoscutum finely granulate |
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BAB and DLJQ are very grateful to Mike Sharkey (Kentucky) for making available for study many interesting braconid specimens. BAB and DLJQ would like to thank Chulalongkorn University Centenary Academic Development Project for support, and the Animal Systematic Research Unit and the Integrative Ecology Lab, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University for allowing us to use their Cell^D imaging facility. SS and APR financially supported by Department of Science and Technology, Government of India under SERB-Young Scientist Scheme (SB/YS/LS-42/2014).