Corresponding author: Miroslav Barták (
Academic editor: P. Cerretti
Based on revision of large recent collections of the authors, the following five species are first recorded from the Czech Republic:
Barták M, Preisler J, Kubík Š, Šuláková H, Sloup V (2016) Fanniidae (Diptera): new synonym, new records and an updated key to males of European species of
The
Adults may be distinguished from representatives of all other families of calyptrates by an asetose meron, the second anal vein strongly bent towards the first anal vein, so that prolongation of it will cross first anal vein at most at the wing margin, the scutellum without setulae on the lower surface, and the Sc vein having only one (basal) bend. Moreover, females lack crossed interfrontals and proclinate orbitals.
Larvae are aquatic to terrestrial, often living in semi-aquatic media. Larvae and puparium of fanniids are readily identifiable by sharing a dorso-ventrally flattened body, characterized by conspicuous feathery, forked, tufted, or button-like processes distributed over most of the dorsal and lateral surface of segments (and in reduced form also on ventral surface). An interesting character known at least in
For more details about morphology, biology, and zoogeography of the family see
In the last 10–15 years, we collected some 200 000 specimens of
This paper is based on extensive materials of Czech North Bohemian Institute of Criminalistics, Prague Insects and Arachnids, Ottawa
The identification of the Central European species is possible using the keys in the review of the European species (
Distributional records are taken mainly from
Figure preparation: genitalia together with 2–3 pregenital segments were removed and macerated in potassium hydroxide solution (approx. 10%) in small vials submerged in hot water for 1–2 hours. After neutralizing with 8% acetic acid, the genitalia were dissected in glycerine and their parts (without hypandrium) photographed by means of an Olympus E-41 digital camera mounted on an Olympus BX51 compound microscope. Images were edited with the computer software Quick Foto micro 2.3 provided with Deep focus 3.1. Each image resulted usually from combining 7–15 layers. Images were improved by means of Adobe Photoshop.
Microphoto (Fig.
Abbreviations used: = Malaise trap = sweeping = emergence trap
(species are arranged alphabetically)
Setation of mid and hind tibia in all available specimens of
Mid tibia | Hind tibia | |
---|---|---|
Paratype of |
2 ad (dorsal one short), 2 pd (dorsal shorter) | 3 av (ventral very short), 2 ad, 2 d |
Duchcov specimen | 2 ad, 2 pd (all nearly equal in size) | 3 av, 3–4 ad, 2 d |
Vráž specimen | 2 ad, 1–2 pd | 2 av, 3 ad, 2 d |
Chloumek specimen 1 | 2 ad (dorsal one shorter), 2 pd (nearly equal in size) | 1–2 av, 2 ad, 2 d |
Chloumek specimen 2 | 2 ad (dorsal one shorter), 2 pd (nearly equal in size) | 1-2 av, 2–3 ad, 2 d |
Wychwood specimen | 2 ad, 2 pd | 2 av, 2 ad, 2 d |
Studying genitalia of both species we found them identical including basal outgrowth of surstyli (
(The male of
1 | Abdomen club-like, broadest just beyond middle ( |
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– | Abdomen normal, broadest in anterior half or at middle ( |
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2 (1) | Lower margin of face distinctly produced, theca of proboscis longer than half length of fore tibia ( |
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– | Lower margin of face barely produced, theca of proboscis much shorter; abdomen with a yellow pattern in basal half; ventral part of tergites without crossing setae (terminalia: |
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3 (1) | Mid coxa with 1–3 strong hook-like setae; hind coxa with 1 or more setae on posterior inner margin ( |
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– | Mid coxa without strong hook-like setae |
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4 (3) | Mid coxa with 2–3 hook-Iike setae ( |
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– | Mid coxa with 1 hook-like seta; mid tibia without inner projection |
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5 (4) | Fore tibia with a dense brush of flattened setae at apex laterally ( |
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– | Fore tibia without a brush of flattened setae; fore coxa without spines on lower inner margin |
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6 (5) | Hind femur with strong anteroventral setae along almost whole length; hind tibia with a row of unequal posteroventral setae in apical 2/3; mid tibia remarkably dilated in apical half (terminalia: |
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– | Hind femur only with 2–3 anteroventral setae before apex; hind tibia without posteroventral setae; mid tibia only slightly dilated in apical half (terminalia: |
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7 (5) | Katepisternum with a straight spine on ventral side; at least hind tibia pale, yellow to reddish brown |
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– | Katepisternum without straight spine on ventral side; all tibiae predominantly black |
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8 (7) | Mid and hind femora yellow; hind tibia with a row of long fine anteroventral setae in apical 2/3, its ventral and posteroventral surface covered with dense short setae (terminalia: |
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– | Mid and hind femora black; anteroventrals and ventral pubescence on hind tibia less conspicuous |
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9 (8) | Abdomen with a narrow undusted median stripe in posterior view; mid tibia only slightly dilated in apical half; hind tibia long and densely haired on ventral and posteroventral surfaces (terminalia: |
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– | Abdomen with a median row of trapezoid dark spots dilated towards hind margin of tergites; mid tibia remarkably dilated in apical half; hind tibia without long fine hairs (terminalia: |
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10 (7) | Hind femur with only 4 strong anteroventral setae before apex; hind tibia with complete rows of long and fine anteroventral and anterodorsal setae; lower calypter brown, with almost black margin and fringe (terminalia: |
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– | Hind femur with a complete row of about 12 anteroventral setae; hind tibia at most with 8 anterodorsal and 6 anteroventral setae; lower calypter white, with yellowish margin and fringe |
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11 (10) | Palpi as broad as half width of flagellomere; several rows of setulae behind postocular setulae; fore tibia with a distinct anterodorsal seta (terminalia: |
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– | Palpi much less than half width of flagellomere; only one row of setulae behind postocular row; fore tibia without anterodorsal seta (terminalia: |
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12 (3) | Mid coxa with 2 short peg-like setae on outer side ( |
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– | Mid coxa without strong setae on outer side |
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13 (12) | Abdomen with a brown pattern on abdominal tergites 3 and 4 consisting of 2 pairs of round spots and a median vitta (cf. |
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– | Abdomen without a pattern of paired spots |
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14 (13) | Hind tibia with 1 anteroventral and 0 posteroventral seta; hind femur without a preapical ventral swelling, with the anteroventral setae only slightly longer than femoral depth and not curled at tips (terminalia: |
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– | Hind tibia with numerous anteroventral and posteroventral setae; hind femur with a preapical ventral swelling bearing a number of long fine anteroventral setae that are longer than femoral depth and are curled at tips (terminalia: |
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15 (13) | Mid basal tarsomere with a crest (small spine- or toothlike process at extreme base ventrally) ( |
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– | Mid basal tarsomere without crest; inner posterior margin of hind coxa with setae or bare |
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16 (15) | Fore basal tarsomere with brush-like hairs ventrally; cercal plate with long setae ( |
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– | Fore basal tarsomere without conspicuous ventral hairs; cercal plate with normal setae |
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17 (16) | Eyes haired, hairs at least as long as diameter of anterior ocellus |
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– | Eyes bare or with only very short and sparse hairs |
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18 (17) | Mid tibia with 2 anterodorsal and 2–3 posterodorsal setae; hind femur with dense hairlike antero- and posteroventral setae; hind tibia with a normaI preapical dorsal seta (terminalia: |
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– | Mid tibia only with 1 antero- and 1 posterodorsal seta; hind femur with 3–6 anteroventral and without posteroventral setae; hind tibia without dorsal preapical seta (terminalia: |
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19 (17) | Mid tibia with a remarkable tubercle in basal half; body densely grey dusted (terminalia: |
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– | Mid tibia without a tubercle in basal half, at most slightly swollen; body less dusted |
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20 (19) | Mid tibia with 2–3 anterodorsal and 2 posterodorsal setae; hind femur with 3–4 anteroventral setae at apex |
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– | Mid tibia with 1 antero- and 1 posterodorsal seta; hind femur at most with 2 anteroventral setae at apex |
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21 (20) | Hind tibia clothed with long and dense ventral hairs and with several fine curled setae at apex ( |
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– | Hind tibia without long hairs and curled setae |
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22 (21) | Cercal plate narrowed apically (terminalia: Figs |
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– | Cercal plate broadened apically; remaining characters different |
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23 (22) | Hind tibia with one anteroventral and one anterodorsal seta; postocular setulae uniserial (terminalia: |
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– | Hind tibia with 1–3 anteroventral and 2–3 anterodorsal setae; postocular setulae biserial (terminalia: figs 11–13) |
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24 (20) | Hind femur without distinct anteroventral setae (terminalia: |
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– | Hind femur with at least 1 strong anteroventral seta; lower calypter developed, lobe-like |
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25 (24) | Hind femur without posteroventral setae in apical half (terminalia: |
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– | Hind femur with a row of posteroventral setae in apical half |
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26 (25) | Hind femur with 2–5 anteroventral setae before apex (terminalia: |
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– | Hind femur with only 1 anteroventral seta before apex |
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27 (26) | Fore tibia with a row of elongate posteroventral hairs; cercal plate broad, deeply constricted before middle ( |
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– | Fore tibia without elongate posteroventral hairs; cercal plate without constriction before middle |
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28 (27) | Hind femur with 3–6 posteroventral setae |
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– | Hind femur with 7–14 posteroventral setae |
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29 (28) | Presutural acrostichal setulae triserial; ventral crest on mid basal tarsomere weak ( |
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– | Presutural acrostichal setulae biserial; ventral crest on mid basal tarsomere well developed ( |
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30 (28) | Postocular setulae biserial; acrostichal setulae mainly triserial; mid tibia strongly flattened, with a posteroventral ridge in apical third (terminalia: |
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– | Postocular setulae uniserial; acrostichal setulae mainly biserial; mid tibia not strongly flattened |
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31 (30) | Scutum not pale dusted in front of scutellum, completely black; bacilliform process simply bent ventrally, long ( |
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– | Scutum pale dusted in front of scutellum; bacilliform process spiralled, long or short |
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32 (31) | Ten to fifteen strong posteroventrals on hind femur ( |
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– | Five strong posteroventrals on hind femur ( |
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33 (15) | Mid and hind femora yellow; abdomen with extensive yellow pattern or entirely reddish yellow |
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– | Mid and hind femora predominantly black; abdomen black, rarely with extensive yellow pattern |
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34 (33) | lnner posterior margin of hind coxa with 1 or more setae; abdomen including genitalia entirely reddish yellow (terminalia: |
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– | Inner posterior margin of hind coxa bare; abdomen dark with yellow pattern |
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35 (34) | Mid tibia with a remarkable tubercle in middle ( |
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– | Mid tibia without median tubercle; hind leg without remarkable pubescence on tibia and basal tarsomere; lower calypter distinctly projecting (terminalia: |
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36 (33) | Mid femur with a group of spine-Iike setae in middle (cf. |
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– | Mid femur without spine-like setae in middle; hind tibia always with 2 dorsal setae, median and preapical |
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37 (36) | Apex of abdomen globular; sternite 5 shining black, projecting downwards (terminalia: |
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– | Apex of abdomen not globular; sternite 5 dull and adpressed |
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38 (37) | Inner posterior margin of hind coxa with setae ( |
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– | Inner posterior margin of hind coxa bare |
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39 (38) | Mid tibia with a conspicuous tubercle on inner surface ( |
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– | Mid tibia without tubercle on inner surface |
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40 (39) | Tubercle on mid tibia below middle; presutural acrostichal setulae in 3–4 rows; 1 long and fine prealar seta; hind tibia with about 8 anteroventral setae (terminalia: |
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– | Tubercle on mid tibia above middle ( |
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41 (39) | Mid tibia along whole length with dense, short, uniform and erect ventral pubescence, about half as long as greatest diameter of tibia or shorter ( |
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– | Mid tibia ventrally with sparser, not uniform and especially in apical half usually much longer hairs ( |
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42 (41) | Abdomen yellowish at least at base |
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– | Abdomen entirely black |
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43 (42) | Fronto-orbital plates separated by a narrow frontal vitta; mesonotum yellowish grey dusted, without longitudinal brown stripes; tibiae broadly yellow at bases (terminalia: |
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– | Fronto-orbital plates touching at least in a short distance; mesonotum usually with conspicuous longitudinal stripes; at most fore tibia yellowish at base |
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44 (43) | Abdominal segments 2 and 3 predominantly yellow; black median vitta narrow, not dilated at posterior margin of tergites; scutum with 3 brown stripes (terminalia: |
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– | Abdominal segments 2 and 3 only with oval lateral yellow spots, black median vitta dilated towards posterior margin of tergites ( |
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45 (44) | Several short setae distinct above anterodorsal seta on hind tibia; scutum with a median matt brown stripe (terminalia: |
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– | Without short setae above anterodorsal seta on hind tibia; scutum without median stripe |
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46 (45) | Proepisternal depression bare; hind femur shortly and densely haired on posteroventral surface; mid femur with short and dense antero- and posteroventral setae; prealar midway between suture and supra-alar seta (terminalia: |
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– | Proepisternal depression with several small setulae; hind femur only with short and sparse fine hairs on posteroventral surface; setae on mid femur long and sparse; prealar closer to suture (terminalia: |
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47 (42) | Hooked aedeagus present and usually exposed ( |
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– | Aedeagus membranose; main process of surstyli narrow and parallel-sided; remaining characters different |
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48 (47) | Palpi dilated and flattened, almost as broad as antennal flagellomere ( |
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– | Palpi not dilated and flattened; mid femur with uniserial (or exceptionally with 2–3 rows of) posteroventral setae |
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49 (48) | Distance between eye margins about twice as broad as antennal flagellomere; hind tibia with strong anterodorsal and dorsal setae at about same Ievel (terminalia: |
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– | Distance between eye margins much narrower; anterodorsal and dorsal setae on hind tibia inserted at different levels |
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50 (49) | Scutum with 2 longitudinal brown stripes; postocular setulae biserial; hind tibia with 5–7 posteroventral setae (terminalia: |
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– | Scutum with 1 or 3 longitudinal brown stripes or completely black; postocular setulae uniserial; hind tibia without posteroventral setae |
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51 (50) | Proepimeral seta surrounded by several setulae |
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– | Proepimeral seta with only 1 adjacent setula |
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52 (51) | Proepisternal depression with a few setulae; hind tibia with 1–2 anteroventral setae; hind femur with short posteroventral setae which are not as long as femoral depth (terminalia: |
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– | Proepisternal depression bare; hind tibia with 2–5 anteroventral setae; hind femur with posteroventral setae that are much longer than femoral depth (terminalia: |
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53 (51) | Squamae with brown margin; mesoscutum deep black; abdomen with bluish shine (Canary Islands) |
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– | Squamae without brown margin; mesoscutum light grey; abdomen without bluish shine |
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54 (53) | Hind tibia with 2 equally strong anteroventral setae; scutum with a median brown longitudinal stripe (dark form; see 44) |
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– | Hind tibia usually with 1 anteroventral seta; if 2 developed, then upper obviously shorter; scutum brownish black, without median stripe (terminalia: |
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55 (41) | Mid tibia with 2 or more antero- and posterodorsal setae ( |
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– | Mid tibia only with 1 antero- and 1 posterodorsal seta |
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56 (55) | Hind femur in apical third with a tubercle bearing 12–15 posteroventral setae (terminalia: |
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– | Hind femur in apical third without tubercle |
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57 (56) | Ventral hairs on mid tibia not longer than greatest diameter of tibia; palpi shorter than half length of theca ( |
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– | At least some ventral hairs on mid tibia longer than greatest diameter of tibia ( |
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58 (57) | Hind tibia with 3–4 anteroventral setae; longest ventral hairs on mid tibia about 1.5 times longer than greatest diameter of tibia (fig 4c) (terminalia: |
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– | Hind tibia with only 1–2 anteroventrals; ventral hairs on mid tibia shorter though overreaching diameter of tibia (terminalia: |
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59 (55) | Prealar seta completely absent; presutural acrostichal setulae always biserial (terminalia: |
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– | One or two prealar setae present; presutural acrostichal setulae in 2 or 3 rows |
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60 (59) | Hind tibia without posteroventral setae; abdomen with a narrow median vitta which may be absent on tergite 5 (terminalia: |
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– | Hind tibia with a distinct row of posteroventral setae; median spots on abdomen remarkably dilated towards posterior margin of tergites |
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61 (60) | Posteroventral setae on hind tibiae longer than anterodorsal setae ( |
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– | Posteroventral and anterodorsal setae on hind tibia of the same length; hind femur with only 2 anteroventral setae (terminalia: |
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62 (38) | Upper half of parafacials with a row of short setulae (terminalia: |
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– | Parafacials bare, rarely with a few isolated setulae |
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63 (62) | Lower calypter very narrow, strip-like, narrower than 1/3 of upper calypter ( |
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– | Lower calypter rounded, broader than 1/2 of upper calypter (cf. |
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64 (63) | Mid and hind tibiae reddish brown to yellow |
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– | AlI tibiae mainly black |
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65 (64) | Thorax and abdomen mainly black; abdomen with a median row of subtriangular spots (terminalia: |
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– | Thorax and abdomen densely grey dusted; abdomen with a narrow median vitta (terminalia: |
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66 (64) | Hind femur with 3–4 posteroventral setae in apical half equalling greatest width of femur |
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– | Hind femur without elongate posteroventral setae |
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67 (66) | Presutural acrostichal setulae triserial; cercal plate tapered in distal part ( |
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– | Presutural acrostichal setulae biserial; cercal plate distally T-shaped dilated ( |
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68 (66) | Parafacials indistinct in lateral view; cercal plate with two rounded processes (terminalia: |
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– | Parafacials distinct in lateral view; cercal plate flat and dilated, without two rounded processes |
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69 (68) | Upper postocular setulae uniserial and uniform in length; mostly only one strong prealar seta; abdomen with a narrow median stripe on tergites 4 and 5 (terminalia: |
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– | Upper postocular setulae biserial or at least alternating long and much shorter ones; usually two prealar setae; abdomen with a narrow median stripe on tergites 4 and 5 or with dark spots dilated posteriorly |
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70 (69) | Abdomen with a dark median stripe of uniform width; fore tibia yellowish basally (terminalia: |
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– | Abdomen with dark spots dilated towards posterior margin of tergites; fore tibia usually dark basally (terminalia: |
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71 (63) | Hind femur with a preapical tubercle bearing a cluster of dense setae ( |
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– | Hind femur without setose tubercle |
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72 (71) | Hind femur strongly curved ( |
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– | Hind femur not curved ( |
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73 (71) | Mid tibia with only 1 anterodorsal seta |
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– | Mid tibia at least with 2 anterodorsal setae |
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74 (73) | Hind tibia with 3–4 anterodorsal and at least 2 anteroventral setae |
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– | Hind tibia with only 1 anterodorsal and 1 anteroventral seta |
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75 (74) | Hind tibia with about 10 long and fine anteroventral and numerous hairlike ventral and posteroventral setae (terminalia: |
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– | Hind tibia only with 2 anteroventral and without elongate ventral and posteroventral setae (terminalia: |
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76 (74) | Abdomen yellowish at base; cercal plate about 5 times longer than broad (terminalia: |
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– | Abdomen entirely black; cercal plate broader |
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77 (76) | Hind femur with fine, long and curled posteroventral setae in basal half (terminalia: |
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– | Hind femur in basal half with posteroventrals at most half as long as depth of femur |
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78 (77) | Hind femur with one strong anteroventral seta (terminalia: |
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– | Hind femur with 5–11 anteroventral setae (terminalia: |
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79 (73) | Hind femur with long setae on ventral and posterior surface subapically, the longest of these about as long as half length of hind tibia (terminalia: |
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– | Hind femur without such long setae in apical half |
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80 (79) | Halter dark apically; cercal plate about as long as broad, with two short divergent apical processes (terminalia: |
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– | Halter clear yellow; cercal plate different; upper postoculars equally short and uniserial (except |
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81 (80) | Hind femur with complete row of long posteroventrals longer than depth of femur in apical part; surstylus with basal outgrowth (terminalia: Figs |
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– | Hind femur without posteroventrals or at most with short posteroventrals on basal part; surstylus without basal outgrowth |
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82 (81) | Cercal plate with two bowed ribs but without apical projection (terminalia: |
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– | Cercal plate with apical projection button-like broadened apically but without two bowed ribs (terminalia: Figs |
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The last checklist of Czech and Slovak
[Arranged according to tradition of Czech and Slovak checklists of
There are three important records of Central European
This study has been funded by the Grant of the Czech