?Two new species of the subgenus Reticularisus (Lepidoptera, Limacodidae, Rhamnosa) from China, with a checklist of the genus Rhamnosa Fixsen, 1887

?Abstract Two new species of the subgenus Reticularisus Wu, Wu & Han, 2022 of the genus Rhamnosa Fixsen, 1887, Rhamnosa (Reticularisus) chenjunisp. nov. and Rh. (R.) mangshanensissp. nov., are described from the provinces of Hunan and Guangdong, China. The adults and genital structures of the new species and similar examined species are illustrated. A checklist of the genus is provided.


Introduction
The genus Rhamnosa Fixsen, 1887 was erected based on the type species Rh. angulata Fixsen, 1887 from "Korea". Since then, approximately ten new species have been described and reported (Fixsen 1887;Hering 1931Hering , 1933Matsumura 1931;Okano and Pak 1964;Wu 2008;Wu and Fang 2009). Solovyev and Witt (2009) divided Rhamnosa into two subgenera, Rhamnosa Fixsen, 1887 and Caniodes Matsumura, 1927, based on the external features and the male genitalia. Later, Solovyev and Dubatolov (2015) clarified the exact taxonomic position of some species and provided a distribution map for Rh. angulata Fixsen, 1887. Solovyev (2017 established a third subgenus, Rhamnopsis Matsumura, 1931, for the endemic species Rh. arizanella (Matsumura, 1931) from Taiwan. However, Rh. arizanella was misplaced in the subgenus Rhamnosa by Wu et al. (2022), which is corrected in this paper. A fourth subgenus, Reticularisus Wu, Wu & Han, 2022, was established based on overall appearance and male genitalic characters. This subgenus contains two species: Rh. (R.) henanensis Wu, 2008 and Rh. (R.) shierbeihoua Wu, Wu & Han, 2022(Wu et al. 2022. To date, the genus included nine described species belonging to four subgenera, all of which have been recorded in China. In this study, two new species of the subgenus Reticularisus, Rh. (R.) chenjuni sp. nov. and Rh. (R.) mangshanensis sp. nov., collected from the Hunan and Guangdong provinces of China, are described.

Materials and methods
The specimens were collected with a 220V/450W mercury vapour lamp and DC black light lamps at Mangshan National Nature Reserve and Nanling National Forest Park, respectively in the Hunan and Guangdong provinces of China. Standard methods for dissection and preparation of the genitalia slides were used (Kononenko and Han 2007). The specimens were photographed using a Nikon D700 camera, whereas the genitalia slides were photographed with an Olympus photo microscope and processed using the Helicon Focus software and Adobe Photoshop CS6. All type materials of the new species are deposited in the collection of the Northeast Forestry University (NEFU), Harbin, China. Material from the National Zoological Museum of China, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (IZCAS) was also examined in this study.
Diagnosis. The new species Rh. chenjuni sp. nov. (Figs 1, 2) can be distinguished from the other three species (Figs 3-6) in the subgenus Reticularisus by the forewing patterns. The antemedial line of the forewing is barely visible in the region near the apex and does not intersect with the subterminal line, but in Rh. mangshanensis sp. nov. (Figs 3, 4), Rh. shierbeihoua (Fig. 5), and Rh. henanensis (Fig. 6), the antemedial lines are entire and intersect with the subterminal lines at the wing margin near the apex.
In the male genitalia, Rh. chenjuni sp. nov. (Fig. 7) is most similar to the other new species Rh. mangshanensis sp. nov. (Fig. 8), but the diagnostic features are the short and stout gnathos, the lateral processes of the juxta strongly sclerotized and gradually diverging into 3-7 long, acuate spines, and the saccus is small and triangular rather than tongue-shaped. However, in Rh. mangshanensis sp. nov. the gnathos is slender and curved at the middle; the lateral processes of the juxta bear a strongly sclerotized, long, hook-shaped process, and the saccus is tongue-shaped. Rh. chenjuni sp. nov. differs from Rh. shierbeihoua ( Fig. 9) and Rh. henanensis (Fig. 10) by the following characteristics of the male genitalia: the sacculus of the valva is wavy; the juxta bears a pair of lateral processes that are strongly sclerotized and gradually diverging into several long spines; the saccus is visible, small, triangular. However, in Rh. shierbeihoua, the sacculus of the valva is smoothly arc-curved, the lateral processes of juxta are short, not sclerotized, covered with massive numbers of spinules, and the saccus is not visible. In Rh. henanensis, the sacculus of the valva is straight, the juxta bears a pair of sawblade-shaped and strongly sclerotized lateral processes, and the saccus is short and broad.
In the female genitalia, Rh. chenjuni sp. nov. (Fig. 11) differs from Rh. mangshanensis sp. nov. (Fig. 12) by its strongly swollen genital chamber, highly modified lamella postvaginalis, less spiraled ductus bursae, larger corpus bursae, and the upper position of the signum.   (Figs 1, 2). Forewing length 11-13 mm, wingspan 23-29 mm in male (13-15 mm and 29-34 mm in female). Head brown; labial palpus short, brown; antennae bipectinated almost to the apex in male, filiform in female. Forewing ground colour ochreous to pale brown, with two distinct, slightly sinuous, dark brown antemedial and subterminal lines running from costal margin near apex, and reaching inner margin at ca. 1/3 and 2/3 distance from the wing base, respectively; antemedial line barely visible near apical region; a conspicuous dentiform tuft located at middle of inner margin; fringe ochreous with black terminally. Hindwing pale yellow, mixed with a little brown. Scales on legs ochreous to pale yellow. Abdomen pale yellow.
Female genitalia (Fig. 11). Papillae anales ear-shaped, covered with dense setae on surface, margins with a dorsal and ventral lobe and several deep clefts in the middle. Postvaginal plate strongly sclerotized, nearly square. Anterior apophysis short; posterior apophysis long and slender, ca. 4× length of anterior apophysis. Ostium bursae strongly sclerotized. Ductus bursae very long, strongly spiral-shaped in basal part. Corpus bursae pear-shaped, covered with dense spines on the outside and with a spindle-shaped signum that is strongly sclerotized and almost as long as corpus bursae. Distribution (Fig. 13). China (Hunan: Mangshan; Guangdong: Nanling). Etymology. The species name is dedicated to Mr. Jun Chen, who works in the Mangshan State-owned Forestry Administration in Hunan Province, China. He was of great assistance to us when we were collecting in Mangshan National Nature Reserve.
Remarks. This new species differs clearly in appearance from the other three species in the subgenus Reticularisus, mainly in having antemedial line not visible near the apical region and forewing lacking distinctive marks other than the antemedial and submarginal lines. It shares some similarities with Rh. (Rhamnosa) hatita (Druce, 1896); however, because it highly matches the characters of the subgenus Reticularisus for the male genitalia, i.e., valva without a basal process, juxta with a pair of distinct lateral processes, saccus visible, and aedeagus spiraled near coecum, it is provisionally placed in this subgenus.
Diagnosis. Three of the species in the subgenus Reticularisus, Rh. mangshanensis sp. nov. (Figs 3, 4), Rhamnosa. shierbeihoua (Fig. 5), and Rh. henanensis (Fig. 6), are very similar in appearance. Rh. mangshanensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from Rh. shierbeihoua by the point of emergence of the two oblique antemedial and subterminal lines (running from the costal margin near the apex in Rh. mangshanensis sp. nov. but from the outer margin near the apex in Rh. shierbeihoua), and by the ground colour of the body (pale brownish-yellow in Rh. mangshanensis sp. nov. but pale yellow in Rh. shierbeihoua). However, it is hard to distinguish it from the Rh. henanensis only by its external appearance.
The male genitalia of Rh. mangshanensis sp. nov. (Fig. 8) are clearly distinguishable from those of Rh. shierbeihoua (Fig. 9) and Rh. henanensis (Fig. 10). The gnathos of Rh. mangshanensis sp. nov. is slender and up-curved at an obtuse angle at the middle, the sacculus of the valva is distinctly waved, and the lateral processes of the juxta are strongly sclerotized with a long, slender, hook-shaped, basally serrated and terminally forked process. In Rh. shierbeihoua (Fig. 9) and Rh. henanensis (Fig. 10) the gnathos are shorter and thicker, the sacculi are straight or smoothly arc-curved, the lateral processes of the juxta are short, nearly plate-shaped, without a long slender process at apex. The differences in external appearance and genitalia between Rh. mangshanensis sp. nov. and Rh. chenjuni sp. nov. are listed under the latter species.
Description. Adult (Figs 3, 4). Forewing length 11-12 mm, wingspan 24-27 mm in male (14 mm and 29 mm in the single studied female). Head dark brown; labial palpus short, dark brown; male antennae bipectinated almost to apex, female antennae also bipectinated but extremely thinner than male's. Thorax brownish yellow; patagium reddish-brown; tegula brownish-yellow. Forewing ground colour pale brownish-yellow; costal margin dark brown to black near apex; two distinct, oblique, dark brown antemedial and subterminal lines running from costal margin near apex to inner margin: antemedial line straight, reaching to ca. 1/3 from wing base, subterminal line slightly curved towards outer margin, reaching to ca. 2/3 from wing base; a mixed brownish-yellow and dark brown dentiform tuft is located between these two lines along the inner margin; venation visible in forewing, brown, veins at margins of cell dark brown; fringe dark brown to black. Hindwing pale yellow; fringe dark brown at apex, remainder pale yellow. Scales on legs brown to pale yellow. Abdomen brownish-yellow.
Female genitalia (Fig. 12). Papillae anales ear-shaped, covered with dense setae on surface, margins with several small clefts. Anterior apophysis short but robust, pointed apically, with an obvious tongue-shaped process next to it; posterior apophysis long and slender, slightly enlarged subapically, ca. 4.5× length of anterior apophysis. Genital chamber strongly sclerotized and obviously swollen, with a pair of rounded processes below it. Lamella postvaginalis highly modified, oval-shaped, densely covered with short hairs, with a pair of small hairy processes. Ductus bursae long, membranous, thick and strongly spiral-shaped at base. Corpus bursae large, oval-shaped, densely covered with tiny sclerotized flecks, with a spindle-shaped, strongly sclerotized, erect signum situated in upper 2/3. Distribution (Fig. 13). China (Hunan: Mangshan; Guangdong: Nanling). Etymology. The new species is named after its type locality, the Mangshan National Nature Reserve of Hunan Province, China.

Discussion
The genus Rhamnosa includes four subgenera with a total of eleven species, all 11 species are recorded in China based on the literature. The subgenus Reticularisus was established for its unique characteristics of the forewing and male genitalia. In the four known species of the subgenus, the antemedial and subterminal lines of the forewing always intersect near the apex (the antemedial line of Rh. (R.) chenjuni sp. nov. is not visible anteriorly so the two lines do not intersect, but the two lines would cross if both visible), and the aedeagus is always more or less spiral-shaped near the coecum, so these two characters may be considered as apomorphies of the subgenus.