Corresponding author: Avar-Lehel Dénes (
Academic editor: J. Salmela
Three new species of the genus
Dénes A-L, Kolcsár L-P, Török E, Keresztes L (2016) Taxonomic revision of the Carpathian endemic
The Holarctic genus
Adult specimens were collected between 2003 and 2015 (Suppl. material
cytochrome c oxidase subunit I Basic Local Alignment Search Tool
The sequences were downloaded and aligned using Clustal W in MEGA6 ( Maximum Likelihood Bayesian inference General Time Reversible model with a gamma-distributed variation rate across sites Kimura–two parameter
The posterior probability bootstrap
Bayesian inference Posterior probabilities bootstrap values
Pairwise
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16,2 | ||||||
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12,8 | 12,4 | |||||
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12 | 11,8 | 9,61 | ||||
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11,5 | 12,5 | 9,82 | 6,16 | |||
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13,2 | 13,1 | 11,4 | 6,1 | 6,85 | ||
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13,3 | 13,4 | 11,2 | 9,25 | 8,58 | 9,05 | |
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14 | 13,4 | 11,6 | 8,94 | 8,77 | 9,34 | 4,91 |
Holotype male and three paratype males collected in Romania, Apuseni Mountains, Padiș Protected Area, 1 km west of Poiana Vărășoaia, near the Cetatea Rădesei Cave, 1320 m,
Romania: Apuseni Mountains, Padiș Protected Area, 1 km west of Poiana Vărășoaia, near the Cetatea Rădesei Cave, 1320 m,
The species is distinguished from all other species of the
Large species of a yellowish orange color (Fig.
Holotype male and two paratype males collected in Romania, Baiu Mountains, Azuga, Limbășel Valley, 1200 m,
Romania: Bucegi Mountains, Sinaia, Cota 1400, 1400 m,
The species is named after an ancient population from the southern border of the Carpathians, suggesting its ancient origin, which is revealed by deep genetic and morphological structuring.
The new species is distinguished from all other species of the
Large species of a yellowishorange color (Fig.
Holotype male and paratype male collected in Romania, Gutâi Mountains, Baia Sprie, Arinieși brook, 1015 m,
Romania: Gutâi Mountains, Baia Sprie, Gutâi Pass, 1070 m,
The species is named after an ancient population from the northern part of the Eastern Carpathians suggesting its ancient origin revealed by deep genetic and morphological structuring.
The new species is distinguished from all other species of the
Medium sized species of a yellowish orange color (Fig.
Holotype male and two paratypes males collected in Romania, Rodnei Mountains, Anieș, Tomnaticul Valley, 700 m,
Romania: Rodnei Mountains, Rodna, Vinului Valley, 1000 m,
The species is named after an ancient population from the Eastern Carpathians suggesting its ancient origin revealed by deep genetic and moprhological structuring.
The new species is distinguished from all other species of the
Large species with yellowish orange color (Fig.
Holotype male Ukraine: Ivano–Frankivsk Oblast, environs settlements Vorokhta, Verkhovinsk region, 18.VI 1962 leg. E.N Savtshenko (Savchenko); deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Kiev, Ukraine. Based of photos taken by Valery A. Korneyev.
Ukraine: Gorgan Mt., Bukovel, 1120 m,
The species is distinguished from all other species of the
Large species having general color yellowish orange (Fig.
1 | Gonostylus has dorsally only two or three big thorn-like dark spines (Figs |
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– | Gonostylus has dorsally 5–11 claw-like dark spines (Figs |
( |
2 | Gonostylus extends ventrally and forms a big obtuse projection, densely covered by black spinule (Figs |
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– | Gonostylus without such projection (Figs |
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3 | Wings strongly reduced, much shorter than the abdomen |
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– | Wings well-developed and as long or sometimes longer than the abdomen (Fig. |
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4 | Gonostylus ventral projection short, not wider than gonocoxite, 9th abdominal tergite with a small triangular lobe with a big notch in the middle of the distal margin (Fig. |
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– | Gonostylus ventral projection long, wider than the gonocoxite, 9th abdominal tergite is differently shaped (Figs |
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5 | Gonostylus ventral projection (in caudal view) is densely covered by black spinule only in the ventral parts (Fig. |
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– | Gonostylus ventral projection (in caudal view) uniformly covered by black spinule (Fig. |
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6 | Lateral side of scutum, prescutum and wings’ base is lighter (Fig. |
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– | Lateral side of scutum, prescutum and wings’ base is darker |
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7 | Wings are transparent, with more or less conspicuous pattern, 9th abdominal tergite is narrow, narrower at its base (Fig. |
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– | Wings are yellowish, only with an obscure dark pattern; 9th tergite wider at its base |
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8 | Ochre–yellow species. Femora uniformly colored, the tip of femora without dark rings (Fig. |
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– | Dark colored species. Femora brown, dark–brown, basally lighter (Fig. |
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9 | Thorax mainly brownish yellow, with brown or yellowish brown prescutal stripes, 9th abdominal tergite lobe with a big notch (Fig. |
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– | Thorax mainly gray, with grayish–brown prescutal stripes; 9th abdominal tergite lobe without a notch (Figs |
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10 | Medial lobe of the 9th abdominal tergite triangular, narrowed towards the tip (Figs |
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– | Medial lobe of the 9th abdominal tergite hexagonal, slightly narrow at the base. Wings usually yellowish (Figs |
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11 | Gonostylus extended ventrally and forms a big obtuse projection (Figs |
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– | Gonostylus without this projection (Figs |
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12 | Interbases with a spine-like outgrowth (Figs |
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– | Interbases without spine-like outgrowth (Fig. |
13 |
13 | Gonocoxite has on the top a conspicuous, isolated rounded lobe (figs 50, 51) |
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– | Gonocoxite on the top without such rounded lobe (Figs |
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14 | All flagella almost uniformly colored, none darker, no black or dark brown line between antennae (Fig. |
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– | The last 1–3 antennal segments are darker than others (Fig. |
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15 | Abdominal dorsal stripe starts from the second abdominal segment (Fig. |
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– | The abdominal stripe starts from the first segment (Fig. |
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16 | Two brown spots on the scutum, abdominal dorsal stripe starts from first abdominal segment (Fig. |
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– | No brown spots on scutum, stripe starts from second abdominal segment (Fig. |
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17 | Smaller species, mean body size reach 13 mm; pedicel and scape darker than first flagellomere, face dark brown |
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– | Larger species, mean body size is 15.4 mm; pedicel and scape is the same color as the first flagellomere, only the lump is darker than other parts of the head |
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The three newly described species,
The rhitral biome in Central Europe is home to an exceptionally high aquatic diversity with an important number of endemics, in contrast with the arboreal elements, which are related mostly with some classical Mediterranean core areas (
We would like to express our sincere thanks to Valery A. Korneyev for the photos of
Sampling information
Collection data
Information for sampling of the five microendemic Carpathian species (