New Curculionoidea records from New Brunswick, Canada with an addition to the fauna of Nova Scotia

Abstract This paper presents 27 new records of Curculionoidea for the province of New Brunswick, Canada, including three species new to Canada, and 12 adventive species, as follows: Eusphryrus walshii LeConte, Choragus harrisii LeConte (newly recorded for Canada), Choragus zimmermanni LeConte (newly recorded for Canada) (Anthribidae); Cimberis pallipennis (Blatchley) (Nemonychidae); Nanophyes marmoratus marmoratus (Goeze) (Brentidae); Procas lecontei Bedel (Brachyceridae); Anthonomus pusillus LeConte (newly recorded for Canada), Anthonomus (Cnemocyllus) pictus Blatchley, Archarius salicivorus (Paykull), Dorytomus hirtus LeConte, Ellescus bipunctatus (Linnaeus), Mecinus janthinus (Germar), Myrmex chevrolatii (Horn), Madarellus undulatus (Say), Microplontus campestris (Gyllenhal), Pelenomus waltoni (Boheman), Rhinoncus bruchoides (Herbst), Rhinoncus perpendicularis (Reich), Cossonus impressifrons Boheman, Cossonus pacificus Van Dyke, Rhyncolus knowltoni (Thatcher), Eubulus bisignatus (Say), Polydrusus cervinus (Linnaeus), Magdalis piceae Buchanan, Procryphalus mucronatus (LeConte), Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff), and Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford). Recent name changes in the genus Rhinoncus are applied to species known from New Brunswick. In addition, Orchestes alni (Linnaeus) is newly recorded from Nova Scotia.


Introduction
The Curculionidae of New Brunswick were first reviewed by Majka et al. (2007), adding 77 species to the faunal list of the province. Later, Webster et al. (2012) newly recorded three species of Anthribidae, four Brentidae, three Dryophthoridae, three Brachyceridae, and 50 species of Curculionidae. Shortly after this, another four species of Anthribidae, one Brentidae and 11 species of Curculionidae were added to the faunal list of New Brunswick by Douglas et al. (2013). Cognato et al. (2015) reported the occurrence of Dryocoetes kriviolutzkajae Mandelshtam in New Brunswick. It is unclear whether this is an introduction from Russia or a Holarctic species (Cognato et al. 2015). Since 2013, 27 additional species of Curculioniodea from the families Anthribidae, Nemonychidae, Brentidae, Brachyceridae, and Curculionidae have been documented for New Brunswick, including three species new to Canada. Twelve of these are adventive species. One species is also newly reported from Nova Scotia. The purpose of this paper is to report on these new records.

Methods and conventions
Collection methods. Specimens were collected by sweeping vegetation in various habitats and from Lindgren 12-funnel trap samples during a study to develop improved tools for the detection of invasive species of Cerambycidae. These traps are visually similar to tree trunks and are often effective for sampling species of Coleoptera that live in microhabitats associated with standing trees (Lindgren 1983). In many sites, equal numbers of traps were deployed in the canopy and 1 m high under trees. See Webster et al. (2012) and Hughes et al. (2014) for details of the methods used to deploy Lindgren traps and for sample collection.
A description of the habitat was recorded for all specimens collected during this survey. Locality and habitat data are presented as on labels for each record. Two labels were used on many specimens, one that included the locality, collection date, and collector, and one with macro-and microhabitat data and collection method. Information from the two labels is separated by a // in the data presented from each specimen.
Distribution. Every species is cited with current distribution in Canada and Alaska, using abbreviations for the state, provinces, and territories. New records for New Brunswick are indicated in bold under Distribution in Canada and Alaska. The following abbreviations are used in the text: Distribution in Canada and Alaska. NB (New Canadian record). This is the first record of Choragus zimmermanni LeConte for Canada. In the USA, it has been reported from MA west to OH and south to FL and TX (Valentine 1998).
Comments. In the western areas of its range, D. hirtus is associated with Populus fremonti S. Watson (O'Brien 1970). In NB, this species was captured in Lindgren funnel traps in balsam poplar, P. balsamifera L., the probable host in this region. All (15) specimens of D. hirtus were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in the canopy of P. balsamifera, none in traps in the understory. Adults and larvae of this genus are associated with reproductive structures of various Salicaceae.

Subtribe Ellescina C.G. Thomson, 1859
Comments. Specimens reported by Webster et al. (2012) as Ellescus ephippiatus (Say) were misidentified and were E. bipunctatus (Linnaeus), a new provincial record. One specimen of E. ephippiatus was collected in NB, thus maintaining this species on the provincial list. Adults and larvae of this genus are associated with reproductive structures of various Salicaceae. Species are very poorly defined, and the genus needs revision.  (1, AFC). York Co., Fredericton, 12.V.1921Fredericton, 12.V. , 19.V.1921Fredericton, 12.V. , 10.V.1921  ). This adventive European species, associated with Ulmus, was first reported from western North America by Anderson et al. (2007) and has since become widespread (Looney et al. 2012, Douglas et al. 2013. The above record is the first report of this species from the Maritime Provinces. Comments. All specimens of this species were captured in Lindgren funnel traps. The species is associated with wild grape, Vitis and Virginia creeper, Parthenocissus (both Vitaceae) (Blatchley and Leng 1916). Comments. All specimens of this adventive species were captured in Lindgren funnel traps. In Europe, this species has been associated with Polygonum hydropiper L. and P. mite Schrank (Polygonaceae) (Anderson and Korotyaev 2004); host associations in North America are likely also with Polygonum species. Comments. In ON, this species has been associated with Polygonum hydropiper L. (Polygonaceae) (Anderson and Korotyaev 2004).

Rhinoncus pericaripius (Linnaeus 1758) † and Rhinoncus castor (Fabricius 1792) †
The names for these two species of Rhinoncus (both recorded from NB) have recently been changed based on examination of type specimens (Huang and Colonnelli 2014  ). This is the first eastern record of this species. Previously, it was known as far east as SK but is probably more widespread. Distribution in Canada and Alaska. AB, SK, MB, NB ). This is the first eastern record of this species. Previously, it was known from MB with additional records added from AB and SK by Douglas et al. (2013). Rhyncolus knowltoni (Thatcher) is associated with Populus tremuloides (Douglas et al. (2013) and is undoubtedly more widespread than the records indicate. Comments. All 16 specimens of Eubulus bisignatus (Say) were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in the canopy of either Populus tremuloides or P. grandifolia; none in traps in the understory. The species is most often collected in light traps and has been associated with a variety of hardwood trees (Anderson 2008). Distribution in Canada and Alaska. AK, BC, AB, NB ). These are the first records of this species from eastern Canada.

Subfamily Entiminae Schönherr
Comments. Most (13 of the 15 specimens) were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in the canopy of Populus tremuloides (12) and P. balsamifera (1); the other two individuals were captured in traps under P. tremuloides and in a stand with this tree species present. Populus tremuloides is the host of this beetle (Bright 1976). Bright suggested that the record of Procryphalus utahensis Hopkins from QC might be a misidentification of P. mucronatus (Bright, personal communication). Comments. Most (42 of 54) specimens of Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff) were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in the canopy of trees (many other individuals were not vouchered). Specimens were captured in the canopy of eastern white pine (26), balsam fir (1), and red pine (9). The other individuals were captured in stands with white pine and jack pine present. White pine was the only pine present at the Bathurst and Currie Mountain sites, indicating that white pine may be a host for I. grandicollis in NB. Comments. The adventive Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford) was first reported from North America by Mudge et al. (2001) from the northwestern USA, followed by reports from BC, the northeastern USA, PE, NS, and QC (Douglas et al. 2013). This species is now widespread and locally abundant in NB (numerous individuals captured in Lindgren funnel traps at Odell Park during 2014 and 2015; only a few were vouchered). All specimens from NB were captured in Lindgren funnel traps, about half in the canopy of trees.