Further contributions to the Coleoptera fauna of New Brunswick with an addition to the fauna of Nova Scotia, Canada

Abstract This paper treats 134 new records of Coleoptera for the province of New Brunswick, Canada from the following 41 families: Gyrinidae, Carabidae, Dytiscidae, Histeridae, Leiodidae, Scarabaeidae, Scirtidae, Buprestidae, Elmidae, Limnichidae, Heteroceridae, Ptilodactylidae, Eucnemidae, Throscidae, Elateridae, Lampyridae, Cantharidae, Dermestidae, Bostrichidae, Ptinidae, Cleridae, Melyridae, Monotomidae, Cryptophagidae, Silvanidae, Laemophloeidae, Nitidulidae, Endomychidae, Coccinellidae, Corylophidae, Latridiidae, Tetratomidae, Melandryidae, Mordellidae, Tenebrionidae, Mycteridae, Pyrochroidae, Aderidae, Scraptiidae, Megalopodidae, and Chrysomelidae. Among these, the following four species are newly recorded from Canada: Dirrhagofarsus ernae Otto, Muona & McClarin (Eucnemidae), Athous equestris (LeConte) (Elateridae), Ernobius opicus Fall (Ptinidae), and Stelidota coenosa Erichson (Nitidulidae). The Family Limnichidae is newly reported for New Brunswick, and one species is added to the fauna of Nova Scotia. Stephostethus productus Rosenhauer (Latridiidae), Tetratoma (Abstrulia) variegata Casey (Tetratomidae), and Chauliognathus marginatus (Fabricius) (Cantharidae) are removed from the faunal list of New Brunswick, and additional records of Lacconotus punctatus LeConte (Mycteridae) are presented and discussed. Lindgren funnel traps provided specimens for 104 (78%) of the species and were the sole source of specimens for 89 (66%) of the species reported here, suggesting they are a very useful tool for sampling Coleoptera fauna in the forests of New Brunswick.

Comments. All specimens of Teretrius latebricola Lewis from NB were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in the canopy of various tree species. This species occurs under bark of hardwoods and pines, often in galleries of xylophagus Coleoptera such as Bostrichidae, Ptinidae, and Eucnemidae (Bousquet and Laplante 2006).

Superfamily Staphylinoidea Latreille, 1802
Family Leiodidae Fleming, 1821 The Leiodidae of Atlantic Canada and NB were reviewed by Majka and Langor (2008). Eight species were newly recorded for NB in this review. Here, we add another species to the provincial list.

Subfamily Leiodinae Fleming, 1821 Tribe Agathidiini Westwood, 1838
Agathidium depressum Fall, 1934 Material Comments. This species has been collected from the slime molds, Stemonitis fusca Roth, and Badhamia sp. (Myxomycetes) in Alaska and from various kinds of litter, rotten logs, and pine duff (Wheeler and Miller 2005). The NB specimens were captured in Lindgren funnel traps.

Superfamily Scarabaeoidea Latreille, 1802
Family Scarabaeidae Latreille, 1802 Webster et al. (2012e) added 12 species of Scarabaeidae to the faunal list of NB in their review of the Geotrupidae and Scarabaeidae of the province. Here, we add another five species of Scarabaeidae to the provincial list.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. AK, YT, BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS, NF . Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, QC, NB ).
Comments. All specimens from NB were captured in Lindgren funnel traps. Dialytes ulkei Horn is often found in deer (Cervidae: Odocoileus) dung (Gordon and Skelley (2007).

Superfamily Scirtoidea Fleming, 1821
Family Scirtidae Fleming, 1821 The Eucinetidae and Scirtidae of NB were reviewed by Webster at al. (2012f ). They added five species of Scirtidae to the faunal list of the province, including Sarabandus robustus (LeConte), which was newly recorded for Canada. Here, we add Sacodes thoracica (Guérin-Méneville) to the provincial list.

Subfamily
Comments. This species has been treated by some authors as a subspecies of A. politus (Say), which uses various willow (Salix) species as larval hosts (Paiero et al. 2012). Larvae of A. pseudocoryli Fischer, in contrast, have been recorded from American hazelnut (Corylus americana Walter) and beaked hazelnut (C. cornuta Marsh.) (Paiero et al. 2012). Specimens from NB were collected on the foliage of beaked hazelnut. We have found specimens of A. politus in NB on the foliage of willow, and they have a slightly differently shaped aedeagus from those of A. pseudocoryli.

Superfamily Byrrhoidea Latreille, 1804
Family Elmidae Curtis, 1830 One species of Elmidae, Promorensia elegans (LeConte), was added to the NB faunal list by   Comments. All specimens were caught in Lindgren funnel traps in the understory of trees near a large river (Saint John River).

Family Limnichidae Erichson, 1846
Members of this small family are riparian and live on streamside plants, emergent vegetation and wood, or in drift material on stream margins and are thought to be herbivores (Shepard 2002). Three species of Limnichidae are known to occur in Canada . Here, we report Limnichites punctatus (LeConte) and this family for the first time for NB.  ).
Comments. Most adults of L. punctatus were found along a river margin on moist bare clay near a seepage area. Specimens were collected after splashing the clay bank. The splashing caused them to move, making them easier to see on the dark substrate.

Family Heteroceridae MacLeay, 1825
The Heteroceridae or variegated mud-loving beetles, as their name implies, are often associated with mud and clay in riparian habitats, including salt marshes (Katovich 2002). Adults live and feed on algae and other organic material in shallow, often horizontal burrows in mud or moist organic sand (Katovich 2002). Katovich (2002) provided more details on the ecology and classification of this family.    .

Family Ptilodactylidae Laporte, 1836
Anchytarsus bicolor (Melsheimer) was reported for the first time from NB by , which was the first record of the family Ptilodactylidae for the province. Here, we add another member of the family to the provincial list.  (Otto et al. (2014). According to Otto et al. (2014), the sudden appearance of this species in the USA suggests that it may be an introduction to North America, possibly a previously unknown species from Asia. In NB, no specimens were encountered prior to 2013 despite intensive sampling with Lindgren funnel traps at many sites, including Odell Park, where it was first encountered during 2013. It is possible that D. ernae is a recent arrival to NB.

Family Throscidae Laporte, 1840
Only eight species of this small family of beetles have been documented from Canada, including two from NB . Majka (2011) reviewed the Throscidae of Atlantic Canada based on examination of specimens in collection from the region. He provided distribution maps, color habitus photographs, and a key to the species occurring in the region. Little is known about the biology of members of this family. Adults are often captured in light traps, passive traps, or netted in late afternoon flights, found in litter samples or collected from foliage, and may be generalist pollen and mold feeders (Yensen 1975, Johnson 2002. Other details on biology, structure, and classification are included in Johnson (2002). Here, we newly record Trixagus chevrolati (Bonvouloir) for the province. Comments. Athous equestris occurs from NJ, west to SD and KS, south to GA and MS in the USA and was considered rare by Becker (1974). Its presence in NB is a surprise, as the closest known locality is in NJ.

Family Lampyridae Rafinesque, 1815
Lloyd (2002) provided an overview of the taxonomy, classification, and biology of the Lampyridae of North America. Later, Luk et al. (2011) provided a key to the species of Lampyridae of ON that is applicable to all species occurring in eastern Canada. The Lampyridae of Atlantic Canada were subsequently reviewed by Majka (2012)  ).

Family Cantharidae Imhoff, 1856
Pelletier and Hébert (2014) reviewed the taxonomy, known biology, and distribution the Cantharidae of eastern Canada and the northeastern USA. Members of this family, known as soldier beetles, are common and often occur on foliage and flowers. Most feed on small insects, nectar, and pollen, and some are natural control agents for aphids (Pelletier and

Chauliognathus marginatus (Fabricius, 1775) and C. pensylvanicus (DeGeer, 1774)
Chauliognathus marginatus (Fabricius) was reported from NB by . This species is known only from extreme southern ON in Canada (Pelletier and Hébert 2014). We were not able to find any records of this species from NB. Interestingly, C. pensylvanicus (Fabricius), a common and widespread species in NB, was not included for the province by . We assume that C. marginatus was included for NB instead of C. pensylvanicus (DeGeer) in error. In view of this, C. marginatus is removed from the faunal list of NB. Pelletier and Hébert (2014) provide supporting data for the occurrence of C. pensylvanicus in NB.

Superfamily Bostrichoidea Latreille, 1802
Webster et al. (2012s) reviewed the Dermestidae, Endecatomidae, Bostrichidae, and Ptinidae fauna of NB and newly reported two species of Dermestidae, two Bostrichidae, and five species of Ptinidae. The family Endecatomidae was reported for the first time for the province on the basis of Endecatomus rugosus (Randall). Here, three new Dermestidae, one new Bostrichidae, and 20 new Ptinidae are added to the faunal list for the province. One of these, Ernobius opicus Fall, is a new to Canada. Two of the three species of Dermestidae and all but one of the 20 species of Ptinidae were first detected using Lindgren funnel traps and nearly all specimens of these species were caught in these traps.  Comments. Ernobius opicus is easily distinguished from its congeners by the combination of scabrous and opaque (conspicuously granulate) elytra being slightly less shiny than the prothorax, fifth segment of antennae being as long as the third, and the peculiar lateral sinuation of the anterior edge of the pronotum (Fall 1905 Comments. All but one of the 23 individuals of Xyletinus lugubris LeConte were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in the canopy of trees; one adult was captured at mid crown.

Superfamily Cleroidea Latreille, 1802
Family Cleridae Latreille, 1802 The Cleridae of NB were reviewed by Webster et al. (2012j). They newly recorded Cymatodera bicolor (Say) and added many additional records of Zenodosus sanquineus (Say). Here, we add four more species to the faunal list of the province. Nearly all specimens were captured in Lindgren funnel traps.

Subfamily Tillinae Fischer von Waldheim, 1813
Cymatodes inornata ( Comments. All specimens of Cymatodes inornata (Say) were captured in Lindgren traps in the canopy of trees, none in traps 1 m above the forest floor, suggesting that this species may be a canopy specialist. Comments. Two subspecies of Thanasimus undatulus (Say), T. undatulus undatulus and T. undatulus nubilus (Klug), co-occur at many sites in NB. The two subspecies differ in overall coloration, color pattern, and size. Thanasimus u. undatulus is black with the basal third of pronotum red-brown, and the white posterior band on elytra continues as a narrow band along the suture to near or to the posterior margin of the elytra. The average length is smaller: from 5.2 to 6.8 mm. Thanasimus u. nubilus is black, without red-brown areas on the pronotum and elytra, and there is little or no extension of the white posterior band along the suture toward elytral apex (body length 6.2 to 9.3 mm). We have not seen any intermediate specimens. More studies are required to establish if these two subspecies should be treated as distinct species. Comments. All specimens of C. pilosa reported from NB were captured in Lindgren funnel traps. At sites (seven of eight sites where species was detected) where both high (canopy) and low traps were tested, C. pilosa was captured exclusively in traps deployed in the canopy of trees. This species was captured in low traps at only one site (Eel River P.N.A.). At this site, canopy traps were not used, and the four specimens were captured in traps along the edge of an open fen.

Family Melyridae Leach, 1815
The Melyridae of NB were reviewed by Webster et al. (2012j). Two species, Attalus morulus (LeConte) and Dolichosoma foveicolle (Kirby), were newly reported for the province. Here, we add four more species to the faunal list of NB. Comments. This species was reported from dry lichen communities on granite outcrops on a lake margin in NS (Majka 2005). Specimens from NB were found on a granitic bald on a sun-exposed bare rock face. The bright-colored adults were observed crawling over the surface of the lichen-covered rockface in full sun.

Superfamily Cucujoidea Latreille, 1802 Family Monotomidae Laporte, 1840
Three species of Monotomidae were newly recorded for NB by Webster et al. (2012l). Here, we report another two species, which were detected using Lindgren funnel traps.

Family Cryptophagidae Kirby, 1826
The Cryptophagidae of NB were reviewed by Webster et al. (2012l). Six species were newly recorded for the province, and the presence of Antherophagus convexulus LeConte was confirmed. Klimaszewski et al. (2015) newly recorded the adventive Cryptophagus saginatus Sturm and C. subfumatus Kraatz in a review of the adventive Cucujoidea of Canada. Here, we newly record an additional 10 species from NB, many of which were captured in Lindgren funnel traps.  Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9064°N, 68.3441°W, 31.V-15.VI.2011, 27.VI-14.VII.2011 Comments. This adventive Palaearctic species was previously known only from NF (St. John's) in North America and occurs in various habitats including stored produce in Europe (Woodroffe and Coombs 1961, Johnson et al. 2007, Klimaszewski et al. 2015. Specimens from NB were captured in Lindgren funnel traps and sifted from a pile of moldy decaying corncobs and cornhusks.  (4,RWC).

Cryptophagus scutellatus
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, QC, NB , Klimaszewski et al. 2015. Comments. Atomaria lederi Johnson was first reported for North America by Johnson et al. (2007) without supporting data. Majka et al. (2010) provided supporting data for Johnson's record and additional locality and habitat data from NS for the presence of A. lederi in Canada and North America. This species is widespread in NS and was found mostly in red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and red spruce-eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) forests (Majka et al. 2010). New Brunswick speci-mens were collected from Lindgren funnel traps in a mixed forest, jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest, red oak (Quercus rubra L.) forest, old-growth white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) forest, and a red spruce forest with some red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and balsam fir.  considered the status of A. lederi in North America as uncertain and that the species could either be adventive to North America or Holarctic. Klimaszewski et al. (2015) treated A. lederi as an adventive Palaearctic species. Given that this species was collected in natural habitats throughout NB and NS suggests it could be a Holarctic species that has been undetected in Canada and North America until recently.

Family Silvanidae Kirby, 1837
The Silvanidae of NB were reviewed by Webster et al. (2012k). They newly reported Silvanus muticus Sharp and reinstated Ahasverus longulus (Blatchley) to the provincial list. Here, we newly report another two species.  1 m high (1, RWC).
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, QC, NB ).
Comments. This species is listed as Telephanus velox (Haldeman) by . Thomas and Nearns (2008)  Comments. This adventive and cosmopolitan species is found in various stored products such as lima beans, pigeon peas, decaying soybeans, stored grains, fruit, nuts, damp flour, rice, and moldy grass and feeds on surface molds on these items (Campbell et al. 1989, Thomas 1993. The two specimens from NB were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in the canopy of trees in a mixed forest. This stored product pest is not normally associated with natural habitats. There are a number of farms with barns within 2 km of the site that could have been the source of these specimens.

Family Laemophloeidae Ganglbauer, 1899
The Laemophloeidae of NB were reviewed by Webster at al. (2012k). They reported five species new to the province. Here, we newly report the adventive Cryptolestes turcicus (Grouvelle). Comments. The adventive C. turcicus is considered a serious pest of flour and feed mills and is sometimes found in grain elevators and warehouses (Bousquet 1990). Specimens from NB were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in an old white pine (Pinus strobus L.) stand, mixed forest with red oak, and a mixed forest. This stored product pest is not normally associated with natural habitats. Several poultry farms occur in the vicinity of the sites, and it is likely that these were dispersing individuals from these farms. Interestingly, two other stored product pests, C. pusillus Schönherr and A. advena were also collected at one of these sites.

Family Nitidulidae Latreille, 1802
The Nitidulidae of NB and the Maritime Provinces were first reviewed by , where they newly recorded 28 species. Webster et al. (2012m) added another three species. Here, we add three more species, including Stelidota coenosa Erichson, which is newly recorded for Canada. Two of these species were captured almost exclusively in Lindgren funnel traps. Comments. Adults of S. coenosa were collected from partially dried bolete mushrooms on a roadside through a jack pine forest. Little is known about the habitat requirements of this species. Other species in the genus have been found in decaying fruit and fungi (Downie and Arnett 1996). Most members of the genus are tropical (Ford 1996). In the United States, S. coenosa (as S. ferruginea Reitter) has been recorded from NJ west to MI, south to FL and TX (Downie and Arnett 1996).

Family Corylophidae LeConte, 1852
The classification, taxonomy, and biology of the North American species of Corylophidae (minute hooded beetles or minute fungus beetles) were reviewed by Bowestead and Leschen (2002). Members of this family are often found on leaves and flowers, in leaf litter, grass piles, under bark, and sometimes in bird and caterpillar nests where the adults and larvae feed on fungal spores (Bowestead and Leschen 2002). Majka and Cline (2006) reviewed the Corylophidae of the Maritime Provinces and reported three species from NB, including Orthoperus suturalis LeConte and Rypobius marinus LeConte, which were new to the province.  included another species on the faunal list of NB, Clypastraea lugubris (LeConte), in the most recent checklist of the Coleoptera of Canada. In this publication, we newly record five species of Corylophidae for NB.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. BC, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS .
Comments. Most specimens of this adventive species were found in a pile of decaying (moldy) corncobs and cornhusks. One individual was captured in a Lindgren funnel trap.

Family Latridiidae Erichson, 1842
Webster et al. (2012m) newly recorded nine species of Latridiidae for NB in their review of this family. Klimaszewski et al. (2015) noted that the specimen reported as Stephostethus productus Rosenhauer by Webster et al. (2012m) was misidentified. Details on this are provided below.

Subfamily Latridiinae Erichson, 1842
Stephostethus productus Rosenhauer, 1856 The specimen of S. productus reported from Tracy, NB as a new Canadian record by Webster et al. (2012m) was misidentified and was Latridius hirtus Gyllenhal. Stephostethus productus is accordingly removed from the faunal list of Canada and NB. However, L. hirtus is a new record for NB.  .

Superfamily Tenebrionoidea Latreille, 1802
Family Tetratomidae Billberg, 1820 Seven species of Tetratomidae were recorded for the first time for NB by Webster et al. (2012n) in their review of the species of this family occurring in the province. Here, four species are added to the provincial faunal list and one is removed as a result of a misidentification.

Subfamily Tetratominae Billberg, 1820
Tetratoma (Abstrulia) variegata Casey, 1900 Tetratoma variegata Casey was newly recorded for NB by Webster et al. (2012n). Re-examination of these specimens and additional specimens from two new sites, in reference to the descriptions of T. variegata and T. canadensis Nikitsky and Chantal in Nikitsky (2004), revealed that the original determination by Webster was incorrect and that these were T. canadensis. Tetratoma variegata is therefore removed from the faunal list of NB. Tetratoma canadensis is a new provincial record and details are provided below.

Family Mycteridae Oken, 1843
Lacconotus punctatus (LeConte) is the only known member of the family Mycteridae (the palm and flower beetles) known from the Maritime Provinces. Majka and Selig (2006) reported it for the first time for the region from NS. Later, Webster et al. (2012p) reported it from three localities in NB. Here, we present additional records of this rare species from the province.

Lacconotus punctatus LeConte, 1862
Most adults were collected early in the season from late May to mid-June, with a few captured as late as early August. Lacconotus punctatus was found at seven new localities in NB and appears to be widespread in the province.
All specimens from NB were captured in Lindgren funnel traps, showing the effectiveness of these traps for detecting this rare species. Interestingly, all but four of the 48 adults of L. punctatus were captured in the canopy of trees. In a mature bottomland hardwood forest in GA, five of six specimens were captured in flight intercept traps 15 m above the forest floor early in the season (Ulyshen et al. (2010). They suggested that L. punctatus might be a canopy and early seasonal specialist and the reason why this species is infrequently collected. Our data support their conclusion. Comments. Dendroides testaceus is readily separated from the similar D. concolor by possessing piceous pigmentation areas on the wings; in D. concolor the pigmentation areas of wings are testaceous (Young 1975).

Family Aderidae Csiki, 1909
The Aderidae occurring in NB were reviewed by Webster et al. (2012p). They newly reported three species for the province. Here, we report the adventive Aderus populneus (Creutzer) and the native Vanonus calvescens Casey for the first time for NB. All specimens were captured in Lindgren funnel traps.  .

Family Scraptiidae Gistel, 1848
The Scraptiidae (False flower beetles or Scraptiid beetles) is a small family of beetles widely distributed in North America. Pollock (2002) provided an overview of the taxonomy, classification, and known biology of this family. Adults of many species occur on flowers, often in abundance, and the larvae live under bark of trees (Young 1991, Majka andPollock 2006). Little else is known about the biology. Twenty species are known from Canada ). Majka and Pollock (2006) reported three species of Scraptiidae previously known from NB in their review of this and related families of the Maritime Provinces. Here, we newly record Anaspis nigrina Csiki for the province.  ).

Superfamily Chrysomeloidea Latreille, 1802
The Megalopodidae and Chrysomelidae occurring in NB were reviewed by . Zeugophora varians Crotch was newly recorded for NB and represented the first record of the Megalopodidae for the province. They also newly recorded 28 species of Chrysomelidae for the province. Here, we add another three species of Megalopodidae, all captured in Lindgren funnel traps in the canopy of trees, and nine species of Chrysomelidae.   Majka and Langor (2011). In NS, this adventive Palaearctic species was found on the adventive weed, Scotch broom (Cytisis scoparius (L.) Link) (Fabaceae) (Majka and Langor 2011). In NB, B. villosus was swept from foliage and flowers of Lathyrus japonicus Willid. (beach pea), a native member of the Fabaceae, and from foliage in a meadow, and along a roadside at two inland sites where beach pea and Scotch broom do not occur. More study is required to establish if B. villosus will become a pest on native Fabaceae.  ).

Subfamily
Comments. Poison ivy, Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze, has been reported as the preferred host for this species (see Clark et al. (2004) for a complete list of references). This vine was common at the site where the NB specimen was collected. P. tridens was thought to be restricted to the Carolinian Life Zone in Canada, and records from MB and QC were considered questionable by Barney et al. (2013). This distinctive species has not been collected in Canada since 1950 and was considered to be extirpated from Canada by Barney et al. (2013). The record from NB indicates that the species is still present in Canada.