On ten species of jumping spiders from Xishuangbanna, China (Araneae, Salticidae)

Abstract Nine new species of jumping spiders from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden are described: Euochinyaoisp. nov. (♀♂), Laufeiabannasp. nov. (♀♂), Marengotangisp. nov. (♀♂), Myrmarachneliuisp. nov. (♀♂), Nandiciusproszynskiisp. nov. (♂), Phintelloidespengisp. nov. (♀♂), Poecilorchesteszhengisp. nov. (♀♂), Rhenewandaesp. nov. (♂) and Simaethachenisp. nov. (♀♂). The female of Chinattusinflatus Wang & Li, 2020 is described for the first time.


Introduction
China is second only to Brazil in jumping spider species diversity, with 560 species in 121 genera (Li 2020;Metzner 2021;WSC 2021). The taxonomy of these species, however, is plagued by more than 40% (223 species) of species known only from a single-sex, with many species lacking diagnostic drawings (WSC 2021).
Surveys of spiders in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG) have revealed 782 spider species (Li 2020). The total number of XTBG jumping spider spe-cies, including the new ones here, is 137 (Cao et al 2016;Lin and Li 2020;Wang and Li 2020a, b) with about 45% endemicity, exceeding the number of salticid species known from the entirety of Vietnam and is nearly equal to the number of species found in Japan (Metzner 2021).
The goal of the present paper is to describe new taxa based on recent specimens collected from XTBG. The female of Chinattus inflatus Wang & Li, 2020 is also described.

Materials and methods
Specimens were collected by fogging and sieving leaf litter in the tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Yunnan, China, which were preserved in 75% ethanol for morphological study. All specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing, China. Methods follow those of Wang and Li (2020a, b).
All measurements are given in millimeters. Leg measurements are given as: total length (femur, patella + tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). References to figures in the cited papers are listed in lowercase type ( fig. or figs); figures in this paper are noted with an initial capital (Fig. or Figs).
Abbreviations used in the text and figures are as follows: AERW anterior eyes row width; AME anterior median eye; ALE anterior lateral eye; AG accessory gland; AR atrial ridge of epigyne; AS anterior chamber of spermatheca;  laterally; spermathecae almost square, touching medially; fertilization ducts anterior to spermathecae.

Distribution. China (Yunnan).
Comments. The pairing of this species with the female is supported by DNA barcoding (unpubl. data).  .13, 1.18, 0.88, 0.40). Carapace red-brown to dark brown, with a narrow, longitudinal, yellow-red stripe extending across nearly entire thorax centrally, covered with white and brown setae. Fovea red-brown, bar-shaped, longitudinal. Chelicerae yellow to red-brown, with 1 retromarginal tooth and 2 promarginal teeth. Endites yellow to dark yellow, distal end pale entally, with brown setae. Labium darker than endites, linguiform. Sternum almost shield-shaped. Legs yellow to red-brown, legs III, IV with annuli. Abdomen oval, dorsum dotted laterally, with pair of fitful longitudinal yellow stripes anteromedially, irregular transverse bands posteriorly; venter colored as dorsum.

Genus
Palp ( Fig. 2A-D): femur about 2 times longer than wide; tibia wider than long, with a ventral protuberance and a flat retrolateral apophysis acutely narrowed to a pointed tip distally in retrolateral view; cymbium about 1.7 times longer than wide, and gradually narrowed at distal 1/3 in ventral view; bulb inflated, almost oval; embolus flat, originating from the anterior portion of bulb, coiled nearly 360°, with a pointed tip directed anteriorly in ventral view.
Female (Fig. 3A .13, 1.20, 0.87, 0.40). Habitus similar to that of male except dorsum of abdomen lacks yellow stripes. Epigyne (Fig. 3A, B): wider than long; atrium oval, with a pair of arc-shaped lateral ridges, separated by a narrow median septum; copulatory openings at posterior portion of atrium; copulatory ducts extending anteriorly, connecting to postero-ental portion of spermathecae; spermathecae almost spherical, separated by less than 1/6 their diameter; fertilization ducts originating from the antero-ental portion of spermathecae, lamellar.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China. Comments. The species is placed in this genus based on the flat embolus, the dense, long, white setae on the proximal half of the cymbium and distally on the male palpal tibia (mostly missing in the holotype), and the copulatory ducts are markedly shorter than the spermathecal diameter; these characters are unique to Euochin species (Prószyński et al. 2018;Logunov 2020). However, the spherical spermathecae, posterior origin of the copulatory ducts, and the single retromarginal cheliceral tooth differ from those of the type species of Euochin (oval spermathecae, copulatory ducts originate anteromedially, and with retromarginal cheliceral fissident), indicating that further data are required to confirm the placement of this species. The male and female are considered to be conspecific because they were collected from the same localities and share similar habitus markings. Etymology. The species name is derived from the name of the type locality; noun in apposition.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China. Etymology. The species name is a patronym in honor of Dr. Guo Tang, one of the collectors of the new species; noun (name) in genitive case.

Genus
Diagnosis. The male of Marengo tangi sp. nov. closely resembles that of M. batheryensis Sudhin, Nafin, Benjamin & Sudhikumar, 2019 by the similar abdominal markings and retrolateral tibial apophysis but differs by the following: 1) the process of the embolic disc is conspicuous in retrolateral view ( Carapace red-brown, with 2 clusters of white setae behind PLEs, 2 others posterolaterally on thoracic part, covered with tubercles and brown, thin setae. Fovea and radial groove indistinct. Chelicerae yellow, with 3 teeth on both the retromargin and promargin. Endites yellow. Labium darker than endites. Sternum sub-oval. Legs I robust, with inflated tibiae bearing dense ventral scales and 3 pairs of ventral spines; legs III and IV pale, with dark brown stripes prolaterally on femora, patellae and tibiae. Abdomen sub-oval, dorsum brown anteromedially, redbrown medio-posteriorly, with an irregular, transverse, yellow band bearing sparse, white lateral setae, covered entirely by a large scutum; venter dark brown posterolaterally. Palp ( Fig. 6A-D): femur about 2.5 times longer than wide; tibia almost as long as wide, with a thin, bar-shaped retrolateral apophysis slightly curved medially, blunt at tip; cymbium almost 2 times longer than wide in ventral view; bulb swollen; embolus fully coiled 2 times; process of embolic disc strongly curved medially, slightly pointed apically in retrolateral view.
Female (Fig. 7A Epigyne (Fig. 7A, B): longer than wide, with a pair of lateral plates (described as stiffener in Azarkina and Haddad 2020) near the copulatory ducts; atrium elongateoval, about 2 times longer than wide and separated by a narrow septum; copulatory openings almost C-shaped, medially located; copulatory ducts expanded proximally, then curved posteriorly into convoluted coils; spermathecae small, elongate-oval; fertilization ducts anterior to spermathecae, extending anterolaterally.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China.

Comments.
Although not collected together, the male and female are considered to be conspecific because they share a very similar habitus.  by the following: 1) the second embolic coil is almost 2/3 the bulb width (Fig. 8B) vs. almost 4/5 the bulb width in M. cornuta (Edmunds and Prószyński 2003: fig. 33); 2) the retrolateral tibial apophysis is directed anteriorly in retrolateral view (Fig. 8B) vs. directed towards the bulb in M. cornuta (Edmunds and Prószyński 2003: fig. 35). The male is also similar to M. contracta (Karsch, 1880) in habitus and palpal structure, but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by having a large, truncated first apical promarginal cheliceral tooth (Fig. 9C, E, G) vs. absent in M. contracta (Edwards and Benjamin 2009: fig. 1D, H). The female of this new species is similar to M. jianfenglin Barrion, Barrion-Dupo & Heong, 2013 but differs by: 1) the epigynal hoods separate from each other by half their minimum width (Fig. 9A) vs. fused in M. jianfenglin (Barrion et al. 2013: fig. 25D); 2) the chelicerae, with seven promarginal and nine retromarginal teeth (Fig. 9H) vs. four promarginal and eight retromarginal teeth in M. jianfenglin (Barrion et al. 2013: fig. 25B).

Genus
Description. Male (Figs 8, 9C  between cephalic and thoracic parts, with clusters of white setae at lateral margins of constriction. Chelicerae well-developed, with 7 promarginal and 8 retromarginal teeth; first apical promarginal tooth truncated, the third one longest. Pedicel almost 2/5 abdomen length. Endites yellow-brown to dark brown. Labium colored as endites. Sternum dark, narrow, more than 3 times longer than wide. Legs I, II off-yellow, except metatarsi and tarsi red-brown, with dark brown femoral stripes laterally; legs III and IV off-yellow to dark brown. Abdomen elongated, constricted anteromedially; dorsum dark brown, with indistinct markings medially; venter slightly paler than dorsum. Palp (Fig. 8A-C): femur about 3 times longer than wide; tibia longer than wide, with a sub-square flange and a sclerotized retrolateral apophysis curved and twisted into a pointed tip in retrolateral view; cymbium almost 1.5 times longer than wide in ventral view, and with an apical spine; bulb almost round, with tapered, S-shaped sperm duct; embolus coiled, tapered, with 2 circles.
Female (Fig. 9A Epigyne (Fig. 9A, B): longer than wide, with pair of bell-shaped posterior hoods separated from each other by about 1/2 their minimum width; atrium almost trapeziform, with pair of arc-shaped lateral ridges; copulatory openings slit-shaped, located anteromedially on atrium; copulatory ducts membranous at origin, leading to a sclerotized part, slightly curved at base, then extending anteriorly along longitudinal axis, twisted into 2 loops, connected to oval spermathecae; fertilization ducts originate from posterior portion of spermathecae, lamellar.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China. Diagnosis. Nandicius proszynskii sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from any congeners by the presence of a disto-retrolateral femoral apophysis and a short retro- lateral tibial apophysis, which is shorter than the dorsal tibial apophysis vs. lacking a femoral apophysis and with a retrolateral tibial apophysis longer than the dorsal tibial apophysis.

Diagnosis. The new species resembles Phintelloides versicolor
Description. Male (Figs 12, 13C, D 1.33, 1.45, 1.01, 0.43). Carapace dark brown, with a fanshaped yellow area on anterior thoracic part and pair of yellow lateral bands with white scales, covered with white and yellow scales anteriorly. Fovea longitudinal, red, thin, bar shaped. Chelicerae yellow-red to dark brown, with 1 retromarginal tooth and 2 promarginal teeth. Endites dark, somewhat greenish, pale entally. Labium colored as endites. Sternum pale, with white and brown setae. Legs green-brown to dark brown except tarsi, metatarsi yellow and coxae, trochanter of legs II, III, IV pale. Abdomen sub-oval, dorsum gray-white to dark green, pale and dotted laterally, with longitudinal dark green band over entire surface medially; venter colored as dorsum, with pair of dotted lines medially. Palp ( Fig. 12A-C): femur about 2.5 times longer than wide, dark brown proximal half; tibia almost as long as wide, with tapered retrolateral tibial apophysis, broad basally, slightly curved distally, pointed apically; cymbium about 2.5 times longer than wide in ventral view, bearing white scales dorsally; bulb inflated, with digitiform basoretrolateral tegular bump; embolus straight, longer than retrolateral tibial apophysis, originating from apical portion of bulb, tip directed towards about 12:30 o'clock in ventral view.
Female (Fig. 13A 1.50, 1.63, 1.13, 0.45). Carapace similar to that of male except pale. Abdomen dark brown dorsally, with 3 longitudinal, pale bands anteriorly, 3 transverse, pale bands medially, irregular pale markings and dots posteriorly, pair of pale spots at terminus. Epigyne (Fig. 13A, B) slightly wider than long; atrium large, with an arc-shaped anterior ridge; copulatory openings slit-shaped, located at lateral edges of atrial ridge, separated by almost 3 times the spermathecal width; copulatory ducts short, straight, oblique, connected to anterior edges of spermathecae, with short accessory glands at terminus; spermathecae almost oval, overlapping entally, anteriorly with tube-shaped extensions connected to lamellar fertilization ducts.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China.
Comments. The male and female are considered to be the same species because they were collected from the same site without other candidates and have copulatory organs similar to Phintelloides versicolor. Phintella leucaspis (Simon, 1903) shares a very similar palp with Phintelloides versicolor and the new species, thus it most likely belongs to Phintelloides.

Etymology.
The species name is a patronym in honor of Prof. Guo Zheng (Shenyang, China), the collector of the new species; noun (name) in genitive case.
Diagnosis. The male of Poecilorchestes zhengi sp. nov. resembles that of P. logunovi Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2013 in having a square carapace bearing scales and a similar palp, but it can be easily distinguished by the visible retrolateral tibial apophysis and the thicker sperm duct with a maximum diameter almost half of bulb width in ventral view (Fig. 14B) vs. not visible and thinner sperm duct with a maximum diameter almost one-third of bulb width in P. logunovi (Prószyński and Deeleman-Reinhold 2013: fig. 115). The female resembles that of Stertinius ryukyuensis Suguro, 2020 in the general shape of the epigyne but differs in the following: 1) the epigyne has a central hood (Fig. 15A) vs. a central fold in S. ryukyuensis (Suguro 2020: fig. 15); 2) the copulatory openings are almost slit-shaped (Fig. 15A) vs. oval in S. ryukyuensis (Suguro 2020: fig. 15); 3) the presence of a dorsal abdominal scutum (Fig. 15E) vs. absent in S. ryukyuensis (Suguro 2020: fig. 2).
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China. Comments. The species is temporarily placed into Poecilorchestes due to its general resemblance to P. logunovi Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2013. Further data are required to confirm the placement of this species. Etymology. The species name is a patronym in honor of Prof. Wanda Wesołowska (Wrocław, Poland), who has contributed significantly to the taxonomy of the genus Rhene; noun (name) in genitive case.

Diagnosis.
The new species can be easily distinguished from any congeners by the coiled embolus which is longer than the bulb vs. embolus markedly shorter than the bulb, straight or curved in other species.
Description. Male (Figs 16,17 Carapace almost elongated-hexagonal, dark red to dark brown, covered with dense, brown and off-white setae. Fovea dark brown, longitudinal. Chelicerae red-brown, with 1 retrolateral and 2 promarginal teeth. Endites colored as chelicerae, with brown setae entally on the medio-distal margin. Labium slightly darker than endites. Sternum yellow-brown, elongate-oval, covered by off-white, thin setae. Legs I red-brown, with inflated tibiae ventrally with dense, brown setae, other legs yellow-brown. Abdomen sub-oval, dorsum with 2 pairs of muscle depressions medially and irregular, transverse, white stripes of setae medioposteriorly, covered with dark and off-white thin setae; venter yellow-gray, with a pair of medial dotted lines. Palp ( Fig. 16A-C): femur about 2 times longer than wide; tibia wider than long, with a sclerotized, tapered, retrolateral apophysis slightly shorter than tibial length, distally curved to a pointed tip directed ventrally in retrolateral view; cymbium about  Etymology. The species name is a patronym in honor of Mr. Zhigang Chen (Beijing, China), one of the collectors of the new species; noun (name) in genitive case.
Diagnosis. The male of Simaetha cheni sp. nov. resembles that of S. menglun Wang & Li, 2020 by the similar palp, but it can be easily distinguished by the following: 1) the embolus is slightly curved into a blunt tip directed anteriorly in ventral view (Fig. 18B) vs. strongly curved into a pointed tip directed prolaterally in S. menglun (Wang and Li 2020: fig. 11C); 2) the chelicerae have a process mediolaterally on the anterior surface of the paturon (Fig. 19G, H) vs. process absent in S. menglun (Wang and Li 2020: fig. 12G). The female of this species resembles that of S. broomei Żabka, 1994 in having a similar epigyne, but it can be easily distinguished by the epigynal hood, which is less than 2/3 the width of the posterior chamber of the spermathecae (Fig. 19A-C) vs. about 8/6 the width of the posterior chamber of the spermathecae (Żabka 1994: fig. 18B, C).
Female ( Fig. 19A- Epigyne (Fig. 19A-C) with central triangular hood almost 1.5× wider than long; copulatory openings arc shaped; copulatory ducts short; spermathecae divided into two chambers, anterior chamber bigger, almost reniform, posterior chamber almost spherical, separated by less than the width of hood; fertilization ducts originate from the apical portion of the posterior chamber of spermathecae.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China.