A review of Lista Walker, 1859 in China, with descriptions of five new species (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Epipaschiinae)

Abstract Ten species of the genus Lista are recognized from China. Among them, five species are described as new to science, namely, Lista angustusa sp. n., Lista gilvasa sp. n., Lista longifundamena sp. n., Lista menghaiensis sp. n., and Lista sichuanensis sp. n. Diagnoses are provided for the genus and five previously described species, Lista haraldusalis (Walker, 1859), Lista insulsalis (Lederer, 1863), Lista ficki (Christoph, 1881), Lista plinthochroa (West, 1931), and Lista variegata (Moore, 1888), that occur in China. Two species, Lista plinthochroa and Lista variegata, are reported from China for the first time. All adults and their genital structures are illustrated. A key to the Chinese species is provided.

In China, three species were previously recorded, L. ficki, L. insulsalis and L. haraldusalis (Caradja 1925;Wang et al. 2003;Li and Ren 2008). In this paper, two species, L. plinthochroa and L. variegata, are newly recorded from China, and an additional five species are described as new to science.

Material and methods
The specimens examined and the types of the new species are deposited in the collection of the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS), Beijing, P. R. China. The specimens were collected with different methods, but mainly by light traps. The photographs of moths and their genitalia were taken with a NIKON D7000 digital camera connected to a NIKON SMZ 1500 stereomicroscope. Methods of dissection, morphometrics, and terminology follow Wang et al. (2003) and Slamka (2006).

Lista Walker, 1859
Lista Walker, 1859: 877. Type species: Lista genisusalis Walker, 1859Paracme Lederer, 1863. Type species: Poracme insulsalis Lederer, 1863 Craneophora Christoph, 1881: 1. Type species: Craneophora ficki Christoph, 1881 Belonepholis Butler, 1889: 89. Type species: Belonepholis striata Butler, 1889 Diagnosis. The genus is very special in its external characters. It can be easily distinguished from other genera of the subfamily by having a much brighter and conspicuous wing pattern. The valva usually has spines or sclerotized plate medially located in the male genitalia and the oval or rounded corpus bursae have the rounded signa in the female genitalia, which are same as in the genus Stericta. But it differs from the latter by the shapes of valva and juxta. In general, the wings have an orange to yellow postmedial fascia with dark brown edges. In the male genitalia, the uncus usually has long or short spines laterally located, the sacculus always has two sclerotized processes medially located, and the valva usually has a variously-shaped sclerotized plate in the central area distal to the saccular processes.
Description. Head covered with dense scales; labial and maxillary palpi upturned; antennae filiform, male with a scape extension covered with dense scales. Both wings with similar patterns, fasciae indistinct except postmedial fascia, postmedial fasciae conspicuous, and smooth at border.
Male genitalia. Uncus broad, gnathos various. Valva broad, and outer margin usually truncated; costa sclerotized; sacculus well developed, often with hook-like or spine-like processes, usually extending backward to base of valva. Phallus slender, slightly curved.
Female genitalia. Ovipositor covered with dense setae. Sterigma associated with the ostium bursae appears to be sclerotized. The papillae analis are not extruded and are located within the 8 th segment; the sterigma is lightly sclerotized and the lamella postvaginalis is variously sclerotized. Apophysis anterior nearly same length or longer than apophysis posterior. Ductus bursae slender, usually membranous. Corpus bursae elliptic or rounded, usually with two rounded or oval-shaped signa consisting of many minute spines.
Distribution. China, Russia, Korea, Japan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, New Guinea. Diagnosis. The new species is very similar to L. haraldusalis in wing pattern, but the wing color of the new species is darker than the latter. In the male genitalia, it can be distinguished from the latter by the narrower valva, having two lateral spines in the gnathos, and lacking spines in the uncus. Description. Adult. Forewing length 8.5-11.0mm (n = 7). Head pale yellow, mixed with brown; labial palpus upturned, third segment pointed; antenna brown, scape extension black, with pale grey scales on inner side, and blackish-brown on outer side. Thorax mixed with pale yellow, blackish-brown and pale grey scales. Forewing covered with brown, yellow and pink scales; base mixed with yellow and black scales; postmedial fascia orange with dark brown edges, outer area covered with fuscous and dark pink scales; cilia brown. Hindwing with same pattern as forewing.

Key to the species of Lista in China
Male genitalia (Fig. 13). Uncus broad, densely suffused with setae, apex truncated. Gnathos incurved apically, with three spines at apex and a long spine laterally located. Valva nearly the same width from base to apex, apex obliquely truncated; costa obviously sclerotized, apex swollen; sacculus expanded at base, with two processes in middle, the inner one larger, with serrated edge, the outer one small thorn-like, a sclerotized plate from sacculus to valva medially located. Juxta constricted and bifurcated, two pointed plates at apex. Phallus cylindrical, curved slightly.
Distribution. China (Jiangxi, Guangdong). Etymology. The specific name is derived from Latin angustus (= narrow) in accordance with its narrow valva.
Remarks. Yamanaka (2000) reported this species in Nepal. However, according to the related literature, the genitalia are quite different from those of L. ficki (Christoph, 1881) provided by Janse (1931). Meanwhile, their structure of the male genitalia matches the figure of L. haraldusalis (Walker, 1859) provided by Marumo (1942). Therefore, his reported species actually is L. haraldusalis (Walker, 1859) rather than L. ficki (Christoph, 1881).
Diagnosis. The new species is similar to L. longifundamena sp. n. Both species are different from other congeners by the straight postmedial fascia on the forewing; however, L. longifundamena sp. n. has the valva slightly constricted from the middle to the apex, the sacculus with the inner processes at middle more slender, and the apex of the juxta bifurcated with two strongly sclerotized slender arms.
Description. Adult. Forewing length 9.5-10.5mm (n = 4). Head yellow; labial palpus upturned, mixed with yellow and black scales; maxillary palpus pale yellow; antenna pale brown, scape extension black, mixed with golden scales in male. Thorax mixed with blackish-brown and a small number of yellow scales. Forewing covered with brown, yellow, black and pink scales; postmedial fascia straight, pale yellow with brown edges, outer area covered with fuscous and dark pink scales; cilia brown. Hindwing with similar pattern to forewing, but more brown scales than forewing in central area, and outer area covered with pink scales.
Male genitalia (Fig. 15). Uncus broad, densely covered with setae, two spine-like processes at base laterally. Gnathos narrower and more sclerotized than uncus. Valva slightly broader from base to apex, apex rounded; costa slightly sclerotized, apex swollen; sacculus with two processes in middle, the inner one spine-like, the outer one thorn-like, a thin sclerotized plate from sacculus to center of valva. Juxta peltate and bifurcated, apex pointed. Phallus curving slightly, with a crescent-shaped cornutus at apex.
Distribution. China (Guangxi). Etymology. The specific name is derived from Latin gilvas (= pale yellow), in accordance with the yellow postmedial fascia of the new species. Diagnosis. The species can be distinguished from other species of the genus by its specific gnathos. In this species, the gnathos is broader and more sclerotized than that in other species and it has a serrated apex that is located medially.
Remarks. The species was wrongly recognized as L. haraldusalis (Walker, 1859) by Li and Ren (2008). We correct their identification here.
Description. Adult. Forewing length 11.5-13.0mm (n = 6). Head pale brown, mixed with fuscous scales; labial palpus upturned, mixed with fuscous scales; maxillary palpus pale yellow; antenna brown, scape extension fuscous, mixed with golden scales in male. Thorax mixed with pale brown and black scales. Forewing covered with pale brown, yellow and pink scales; postmedial fascia straight, yellow with brown edges, outer area covered with fuscous and dark pink scales; cilia brown. Hindwing with similar pattern as forewing, but basal area mixed with black scales and outer area covered with pink scales.
Male genitalia (Fig. 18). Uncus broad, suffused with dense setae, two spine-like processes at base. Gnathos incurved apically, with four small spines at apex. Valva slightly constricted from middle to apex, terminal margin truncated; costa slightly sclerotized, sacculus with two processes in middle, the inner one spine-like, slender, the outer one with mini spines at apex, a thin sclerotized plate from sacculus to centre of valva. Juxta bifurcated at apex and with two strongly sclerotized slender arms at both sides. Phallus slender, curved in middle, with a sclerotized plate-like cornutus.
Distribution. China (Hainan). Etymology. The name is derived from Latin longus (= long) and fundamen (= base), in accordance with the juxta and two long spines at base.

Lista menghaiensis sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/76C7A60E-5A2F-46D8-9542-0492D1A76518 Figs 7, 19, 29 Diagnosis. This new species is very similar to L. haraldusalis, but the basal area on the forewing is slightly paler than the latter. In the male genitalia, the gnathos has three spines at the apex in the new species while the gnathos has a serrated apex in L. haraldusalis. Furthermore, the sclerotized plate on the valva strongly extends toward the outer margin in the new species.
Description. Adults. Forewing length 9.0-10.5mm (n = 2). Head yellow, mixed with blackish-brown; labial palpus upturned, mixed with pale yellow and black scales; maxillary palpus pale yellow; antenna brown; scape extension black, mixed with yellow scales in male. Thorax mixed with brown and fuscous scales. Forewing covered with brown, yellow or pink scales; basal area mixed with yellow and pale brown scales; costal margin with two black spots at middle and terminal trisection; postmedial fascia yellow with brown edges, outer area covered with dark pink scales; cilia brown. Hindwing with same pattern as forewing.
Male genitalia (Fig. 19). Uncus broad, suffused with dense setae totally. Gnathos with three spines at apex and two long spines 1/3 of gnathos at base medially. Valva broad, with terminal smoothly incurved; sacculus with two processes in middle, the inner one strong with apex serrated, the outer one thorn-like; a well-developed sclerotized plate from sacculus to center of valva, strongly extended toward outer manrgin. Juxta bifurcated, blunt. Phallus slightly curved.

Distribution. China (Yunnan).
Etymology. The species is named after the type locality, Menghai in Yunnan province.
Male genitalia (Fig. 21). Uncus broad, suffused with dense setae. Gnathos broad, base extended to two strongly sclerotized spine-like processes laterally located, apex with three spines. Valva nearly the same width from base to apex; costa extruded the apex of valva; sacculus with a single spine-like process in middle; a well-developed sclerotized broad plate from sacculus to centre of valva. Juxta bifurcated with two pointed plates at apex. Phallus slender, slightly curved.
Remarks. The species is reported in China for the first time.