Further contributions to the Aleocharinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) fauna of New Brunswick and Canada including descriptions of 27 new species

Abstract This paper treats the discovery of new species and new records of aleocharine beetles for the province of New Brunswick. We report here 27 species new to science, one new North American record, six new Canadian records, and 29 new provincial records. The following are the new species: Acrotona brachyoptera Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Acrotona sphagnorum Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (Dimetrota) alphacrenuliventris Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (Dimetrota) chartersensis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (Dimetrota) cranberriensis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (Dimetrota) bubo Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (Dimetrota) mcalpinei Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (Dimetrota) makepeacei Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (Dimetrota) giguereae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (Dimetrota) petitcapensis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (sensu lato) pseudoschistoglossa Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (sensu lato) sphagnicola Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (sensu lato) thujae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (Pseudota) pseudoklagesi Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Philhygra atypicalis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Schistoglossa (Schistoglossa) pelletieri Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Thamiaraea corverae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Thamiaraea claydeni Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Pleurotobia bourdonae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Pleurotobia brunswickensis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Agaricomorpha vincenti Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) aldersonae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Oligota polyporicola Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Oligota sevogle Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Hylota cryptica Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Oxypoda sunpokeana Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., and Phloeopora gilbertae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n. The spermatheca of Dinaraea curtipenis Klimaszewski & Webster, Dinaraea longipenis Klimaszewski & Webster, and Dinaraea subdepressa (Bernhauer) are illustrated for the first time. Male specimens of Mniusa odelli Klimaszewski & Webster were confirmed and are illustrated. Color habitus images and black and white images of the median lobe of the aedeagus, the spermatheca, and tergite and sternite VIII are provided for all species. New or additional habitat data are provided for most of the species treated in this contribution.


Introduction
reviewed and summarized the knowledge of the Aleocharinae known from New Brunswick to 2012, and newly recorded 28 species, bringing the total number of species known from the province to 215. Later, Klimaszewski et al. (2013bKlimaszewski et al. ( , 2014Klimaszewski et al. ( , and 2015b added 19 species in the genera Atheta, Clusiota, Dinaraea, Gnathusa, Mniusa, Ocyusa, and Mocyta to the faunal list of New Brunswick as a result of new species descriptions and new records. During the last several years, the senior author accumulated material containing 27 species new to science, one new North American record, six new Canadian records, and 29 new provincial records from the province of New Brunswick. The purpose of this paper is to report on these new discoveries.

Methods and conventions
Various methods were employed to collect the specimens reported in this study. Details are outlined in Webster et al. (2009, Appendix). Some specimens were collected from Lindgren funnel trap samples during a study to develop improved survey tools for the detection of invasive species of Cerambycidae. These traps are visually similar to tree trunks and are often effective for sampling species of Coleoptera that live in microhabitats associated with standing trees (Lindgren 1983). In many sites, equal numbers of traps were deployed in the canopy and 1 m high under trees. For details of the methods used to deploy Lindgren traps and for sample collection, see Webster et al. (2012) and Hughes et al. (2014). A description of the habitat was recorded for all specimens collected during this survey. Locality and habitat data are presented here as on the labels for each record. Two labels were used on many specimens (RWC), one that included the locality, collection date, and collector, and one with macro-and microhabitat data and collection method. Information is separated by a '//' in the data for specimens where more than one label is present. Macro-and microhabitat information, as well as additional published data, is summarized and discussed in the natural history section for each species.
Most specimens were dissected to confirm their identity. The genital structures were dehydrated in absolute alcohol and mounted in Canada balsam on celluloid microslides and then pinned with the specimen from which they originated. Images of the entire body and the genital structures were taken using an image processing system (Nikon SMZ 1500 stereoscopic microscope; Nikon Digit-like Camera DXM 1200F, and Adobe Photoshop software).
Morphological terms used in species descrptions mainly follow those used by Seevers (1978), Ashe (2000), and Klimaszewski et al. (2011). The ventral side of the median lobe of the aedeagus is considered to be the side of the bulbus containing the foramen mediale, the entrance of the ductus ejaculatorius, and the adjacent ventral side of the tubus of the median lobe with internal sac and its structures (this part is referred to as the parameral side in some recent publications); the opposite side is referred to as the dorsal part. In the species descriptions, microsculpture refers to the surface of the upper forebody (head, pronotum and elytra).
Distribution. New provincial records are cited with current distribution in Canada and Alaska, using abbreviations for the state, provinces, and territories, and are indicated in bold under Distribution in Canada and Alaska. The following abbreviations are used in the text:

Results
We report here on 63 species of Aleocharinae: 27 species new to science, one new North American record, six new Canadian records, and 29 new provincial records. Specimens were collected from a variety of microhabitats, including mushrooms (15 species), moist sphagnum or other vegetation near streams or ponds (14 species), under sea wrack or cobblestones near streams (7 species), in moldy corncobs or compost (7 species), inside or near the entrance to nests, burrows, or homes of animals such as owls, marmots and beavers (6 species), in animal dung (2 species), and on or under the bark of logs (2 species). Lindgren 12-funnel traps collected 33 of the 63 species and provided the sole specimens for 13 of the species. Natural history. Little is known about the biology of A. rubricalis. One specimen was reported from a mouse nest (Klimaszewski 1984). In NB, specimens were collected in Lindgren funnel traps in an old black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) forest, an old-growth white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) forest, and an old balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) stand near a river. One specimen was found among decaying mushrooms in a regenerating mixed forest. Adults were collected during May, June, and September.
from BC south to CA and northern AZ, with one doubtful record from western ON (Klimaszewski 1984). The records presented above indicate that this species is transcontinental in Canada.
Figures 9-16. Aleochara (Calochara) speculicollis Bernhauer: 9 habitus in dorsal view 10 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 11 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 12 male tergite VIII 13 male sternite VIII 14 female tergite VIII 15 female sternite VIII 16 spermatheca. 10-13 modified from Klimaszewski (1984). Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm. Natural history. In NB, specimens were collected from a pitfall trap and from moist grass litter in a small sedge marsh in a mixed forest. One specimen from QC was captured in a Luminoc pit-light trap (Klimaszewski et al. 2002); specimens from  Klimaszewski (1984). Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.  Klimaszewski et al. (2002). Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm. coll. // Forested cedar fen, in litter at base of cedar (1 ♀, NBM); New Maryland, off Distribution. Known from ON and NB, Canada. Natural history. In NB, this species was found in an old red maple (Acer rubrum L.) forest, mixed forests, a wet alder (Alnus sp.) swamp, a mature red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and red maple forest, a rich Appalachian hardwood forest, in a Carex marsh, small sedge marsh, marsh with scattered alders, in old-growth eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) swamps and forests, and in 8.5-year-old regenerating mixed forests. Adults occurred in moss and litter near brooks, in moss and litter at the base of cedar, in moss and litter in red spruce and cedar forests, in leaf litter under alders near a stream, in leaf litter and grass on hummocks in a wet alder swamp, in grass litter and sphagnum in marshes, moist leaves on the margin of a vernal pool, in sphagnum and leaf litter at the bottom of old tire depressions, and one specimen was collected from a gilled mushroom. Adults were collected during March, April, May, June, July, August, and September.
Comments. This species has genitalic structures similar to those of Acrotona subpygmaea but differs by its narrower body, the pronotum broader than the elytra with posterolateral margin completely rounded near base, elytra shorter than pronotum, and its body is darker with paler, reddish-brown elytra and apical portion of the abdomen. In A. subpygmaea, the posterolateral margin of pronotum is slightly angulate near the base and the body is uniformly dark brown. Etymology. Sphagnorum is a Latin adjective derived from the generic name of Sphagnum sp., a dominant plant in most of the habitats where this species was found.
Distribution. Known only from NB, Canada. Natural history. This species was found in moist sphagnum in forested black spruce bogs, and in eastern white cedar swamps and forests. One individual was found in moss and litter in a moose (Alces alces) trail through a black spruce and tamarack (Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch) bog. Adults were collected during April, May, and June.
Comments. This species is distinct externally because of its shield-shaped pronotum, which is slightly wider than the elytra, which contributes to a habitus that is somewhat similar to species of Mocyta. It may be distinguished from all other Nearctic Acrotona, by the unique shape of its genital structures, including male and female tergite VIII.
Material Natural history. Most specimens of Acrotona subpygmaea from NB were found among moist leaves along margins of vernal ponds and snow-melt pools in various forest types. These included an old jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest, silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) swamp, an old red oak (Quercus rubra L.)/red maple forest, hardwood forests, an eastern white cedar swamp, a mature red spruce and red maple forest, and a mature mixed forest. A few were found in leaf litter near a seepage and brook, in sphagnum and leaf litter at bottom of an old tire depression in a regenerating mixed forest, in leaf litter and moss, in flood debris on an upper river margin, in a Carex hummock in a Carex marsh, and in a gilled mushroom. One individual was found under bark of a stump sticking out of snow in early April. Most adults were collected in May, with a few in April, June, August, and September. Brunke et al. (2012) reported this species from similar habitats in ON and Majka and Klimaszewski (2010) reported it in bark of dead white pine in NS.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, NB, NS (Majka and Klimaszewski 2010;Brunke et al. 2012;Bousquet et al. 2013); although previously reported from NB (Klimaszewski et al. 2005), this was a misidentification by V. Gusarov  Natural history. Specimens of this adventive species in NB were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in hardwood forests, a mixed forest, and an old white pine (Pinus strobus L.) stand. In southern ON, specimens were captured in pitfall traps in and near agricultural fields ). In the western Palaearctic, most specimens were collected in passive traps in unforested habitats, but the true habitat remains unknown (Assing and Wunderle 2008).
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, NB Bousquet et al. 2013 Natural history. The only known specimen of A. whitehorsensis from NB was collected from a pile of decaying corncobs. In the YT, specimens were sifted from soil in a black spruce stand .
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. YT, NB ). The specimen from NB represents the first record of this species from eastern Canada, suggesting that A. whitehorsensis is transcontinental.  Description. Body length 3.2-3.6 mm, moderately narrow, elongate; head, pronotum, and abdomen dark brown to nearly black, elytra yellowish brown with triangular apical dark section near suture, legs yellowish brown or reddish brown, and antennae dark brown (Fig. 76); integument moderately glossy; forebody with meshed microsculpture and minute and dense punctation and pubescence; head rounded and slightly angular posterolaterally, with large eyes, longer than postocular area in dorsal view; antennae with articles V-X subquadrate to slightly transverse; pronotum rounded, slightly transverse, wider than head and distinctly narrower than elytra, pubescence directed laterad from midline of disk; elytra transverse, with pubescence directed posterolaterad and forming waves posteromedially; abdomen subparallel, narrower than elytra. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus broad, tubus triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 77), and broad, straight ventrally, with apical part broadly elongate in lateral view (Fig. 78); internal sac with complex structures (Figs 77,78); tergite VIII shallowly emarginate apically and sinuate, lateral proximity with small tooth on each side (Fig. 79); sternite VIII broadly parabolic (Fig. 80). Female. Tergite VIII truncate apically (Fig. 81); sternite VIII broadly rounded apically (Fig. 82); spermatheca club shaped, with narrow sac-shaped capsule bearing narrow apical invagination, stem sinuate halflooped posteriorly (Fig. 83).
Distribution. Known only from NB, Canada. Natural history. One specimen was found in coyote dung on the margin of a vernal pond in a jack pine forest and another from moss along a small shaded springfed brook in a boreal (spruce-fir) forest. Adults were collected during May and June.
Comments. Atheta alphacrenuliventris is very similar externally and genitalically to A. crenuliventris Bernhauer and A. pseudocrenuliventris Klimaszewski. It may be distinguished from those two species by the absence of a crenulated apical margin on male tergite VIII (Fig. 79) and its differently shaped spermatheca (Fig. 83), and from A. crenuliventris, it differs by having the tubus of the median lobe of the aedeagus broader in lateral view (Fig. 78). Externally, its elytra are more reddish brown than those of A. crenuliventris, which are dark brown, and A. pseudocrenuliventris, which are light brown. The most reliable characters for distinguishing it from the other two species are genital characters (shape of the apical margin of male tergite VIII, shape of the median lobe  of the aedeagus in lateral view, and shape of the spermatheca). (See Klimaszewski et al. 2011;Figs 112, 285a-c, 412  Etymology. The species name bubo is the generic name of Bubo virginensis, the great horned owl, from the nest contents of which the holotype specimen was found, used in apposition. Description. Body length 2.8 mm, subparallel, moderately flattened, dark brown with darker head, pronotum, and central part of abdomen, elytra with darker scutellar region, legs yellowish brown (Fig. 84); integument moderately glossy and more so on abdomen, densely punctate and pubescent, except for head and abdomen; meshed microsculpture of forebody dense and strong with hexagonal sculpticells; head narrower than pronotum, angular posteriorly, eyes large and as long as postocular area dorsally; antennae with articles V-X subquadrate to slightly transverse; pronotum broadest in about middle of its length, rounded laterally and basally, slightly transverse, narrower than elytra, posterior shoulders angular; elytra wider and slightly longer than pronotum; abdomen subparallel. Male. Apical margin of tergite VIII with broadly Vshaped apical emargination with small crenulations and two large lateral teeth (Fig. 86); median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus moderately large, tubus moderately long, straight with apex slightly produced ventrally in lateral view, apex narrowly triangular and rounded (Fig. 85), internal sac structures pronounced at base of tubus (Fig. 85).

Female. Unknown.
Natural history. This species is known only from a single male found in the nest contents of a great horned owl (Bubo virginensis) in a black spruce forest in May.
Distribution. Known only from NB, Canada. Comments. The body shape of this species is somewhat similar to species of Atheta picipennis species group, but the genitalia are unique in its form and are not close to any species of Dimetrota. R.P. Webster // Margin field/hardwood forest, in litter in entrance to Marmota monax burrow (1 ♂, RWC).
Natural history. Specimens from NB were found in dung and litter at the entrance of a woodchuck burrow in a meadow, jack pine forest adjacent to a field, and a hardwood forest adjacent to a meadow. In NF, adults were captured in unbaited and carrion-baited pitfall traps in balsam fir forests and in rotting mushrooms in a mixed forest . In ON, it was collected in a hedgerow . Lohse et al. (1990) reported the species from bear and caribou dung. Adults were collected during May in NB and June to August elsewhere , Lohse et al. 1990.
Etymology. This species is named after Charters Settlement, the locality where the holotype and most of the paratypes were collected.
Description. Body length 3.4-3.5 mm, narrowly elongate, subparallel; head, pronotum, and most of abdomen except for apical part black, elytra, legs, and antennae brown or light brown (Fig. 96); forebody with minute and sparse punctation, moderately glossy; head slightly narrower than pronotum, angular posteriorly, with small eyes, antennae with articles V-X strongly transverse and progressively more so toward apex; pronotum transverse, as broad as elytra and only slightly wider than head, pubescence directed outward laterally from midline of disk; elytra with pubescence directed posteriad; abdomen at middle as broad as elytra, broadly arcuate laterally. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus broad, oval, tubus short, triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 97), and straight and strongly produced ventrally at apex in lateral view (Fig. 98); internal sac with two elongate sclerites in bulbus and complex structures in tubus (Figs 97,98); tergite VIII bluntly truncate apically with angular lateral edges (Fig.  99); sternite VIII rounded apically and slightly pointed (Fig. 100). Female. Tergite VIII truncate apically (Fig. 101); sternite VIII broadly rounded apically (Fig. 102 spermatheca with elongate club-shaped capsule and arcuate stem looped and twisted posteriorly (Fig. 103).
Distribution. Known only from NB, Canada. Natural history. Most adults were collected from a pile of decaying moldy corncobs and cornhusks near a composter adjacent to a mixed forest in a residential area. Two individuals were collected from coyote dung in an old jack pine forest; another from a decaying mushroom. Specimens were collected during April, May, June, August, and September.
Comments. This species belongs to the Modesta group of Atheta (Dimetrota), with three currently known species: A. (D.) modesta (Melsheimer), A. (D.) pseudomodesta Klimaszewski, and the present new species. All three species share similar body characteristics, similar shape of the spermatheca, ventrally strongly produced apex of the median lobe of the aedeagus, and truncate apical margin of male tergite VIII with angular lateral edges forming more or less distinct teeth. Atheta chartersensis differs from A. modesta and A. pseudomodesta by narrower body (Fig. 96); elytra dark reddish brown mottled with black, which is slightly contrasting with the color of head and pronotum (elytra is light reddish yellow in the other two species and strongly contrasting with color of head and pronotum); by elytra equal in length to pronotum (elytra is longer than pronotum in the other two species), antennae are dark and II-III basal articles slightly paler and articles VII-X strongly transverse (slightly transverse or subquadrate in the other two species and articles I-III light yellowish red strongly contrasting with remaining dark brown articles), median lobe has narrower apex and internal sac structures are differently shaped (Figs 97, 98) than those in A. modesta and A. pseudomodesta. For illustrations of A. modesta and A. pseudomodesta, see Gusarov (2003a) and Klimaszewski et al. (2007), respectively.  Etymology. This species is named after Cranberry Lake P.N.A. (Protected Natural Area) where the type specimen and most paratypes were collected.
Distribution. Known only from NB, Canada. Natural history. Most adults were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in a red oak forest and a hardwood woodland near a seasonally flooded marsh. Other individuals were collected with a net between 16:30 and 19:00 h in a mixed forest opening. Four individuals were collected from litter from the entrance of a groundhog burrow. It is possible that this species is associated with ground-nesting mammals, but more sampling from this habitat is required. All specimens were captured in May.
Comments. This species is externally very similar to Atheta alesi Klimaszewski & Brunke, and has similar body coloration and pubescence pattern with the pubescence appearing soft, but has a much broader and more elongate body (body length 3.2-3.8 mm compared with 2.4-2.6 mm in A. alesi ; has more robust antennae with articles VIII-X less transverse that those in A. alesi, has broader (almost as broad as base of elytra) and differently shaped pronotum with strongly angular posterior angles, and elytra less contrasting yellow. The genitalia are superficially similar in the two species, but the apical margin of male tergite VIII in A. cranberriensis has a more arcuate emargination (Fig. 107), and that of A. alesi has a more angular broadly V-shaped emargination. Etymology. This species is dedicated to Marie-Andrée Giguère, wife of Reginald Webster, who has accompanied and assisted him on many collecting trips over the years and whose support made many of the new discoveries in New Brunswick possible.
Distribution. Known from ON, NB, and NS, Canada. Natural history. In NB, Atheta giguereae was found in mature and old-growth eastern white cedar swamps, a mixed forest, an old-growth northern hardwood forest, and an old white pine stand. Adults were sifted from moss and leaf litter near streams and brooks and from moist moss in these forests. A few individuals were captured in Lindgren funnel traps. Specimens from NS were captured in flight intercept traps in red spruce and red spruce-hemlock forests. Adults were collected from April to mid-August.
Comments. We tentatively affiliated this species with the subgenus Dimetrota. The median lobe of the aedeagus of Atheta giguereae resembles that of A. terranovae Klimaszewski & Langor, in general morphology but the spermatheca is of a different type than any of the described Nearctic species. Webster, coll. // Nest contents of Barred Owl, moist smelly organic material and regurgitated pellets, feathers, fur, & small bones (1 ♂, RWC).
Etymology. This species is named in honor of Scott Makepeace who collected the contents from barred owl (Strix varia Barton) nests that contained most specimens of this species.
Description. Body length 2.7 mm, moderately narrowly elongate; head, pronotum, and most of abdomen except for basal part black, antennae, legs brown, and elytra brown mottled with black (Fig. 120); integument moderately glossy; forebody with minute and moderately dense punctation and pubescence; head rounded posteriorly, with moderately large eyes, antenna with articles V-X slightly transverse and progressively more so toward apex; pronotum rounded anteriorly and posterolaterally, transverse, wider than head and narrower than elytra, pubescence directed laterad from midline of disk; elytra transverse, with pubescence directed posterolaterad and some with wavy pattern near suture; abdomen at base almost as broad as elytra, broadly arcuate laterally. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus broad, oval, tubus long, narrowly triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 121), and produced ventrally, with apical part enlarged and narrowly triangular in lateral view (Fig. 122); internal sac with elongate structures (Figs 121, 122); tergite VIII with two apico-lateral teeth and sinuate apical margin (Fig. 123); sternite VIII rounded apically (Fig. 124). Female. Tergite VIII with apical margin broadly arcuate (Fig. 125); sternite VIII broadly rounded apically (Fig. 126); spermatheca with broad and elongate club-shaped capsule bearing large apical invagination and with sinuate stem narrowly looped and twisted posteriorly (Fig. 127).
Distribution. Known only from NB, Canada. Natural history. Four of the adults were collected from the nest contents of barred owls (which nest in tree holes) that consisted of moist smelly organic material with regurgitated pellets, feathers, fur, and small bones. Another specimen was found in a gilled mushroom. It is possible that this species is associated with birds and other species that nest in tree holes. This species was found in old hardwood forests during May and August.
Comments. The aedeagus of Atheta makepeacei is unique for the triangular apical part of the tubus and the narrow apex in lateral view (Fig. 122); the shape of the spermatheca is also different from the remaining Nearctic Atheta species known to us. We have tentatively affiliated this species with the subgenus Dimetrota based on external body characteristics.  Description. Body length 2.9-3.0 mm, broadest at elytra; head, pronotum, and abdomen dark brown to nearly black, elytra yellowish brown mottled with dark brown, legs, bases of antennae, and maxillary palps yellowish brown (Fig. 128); integument moderately glossy with meshed microsculpture; forebody with fine and sparse punctation and pubescence except denser on elytra; head rounded and arcuate posterolaterally, with large eyes, each about as long as postocular area; antennae with articles V-X subquadrate to strongly transverse; pronotum transverse, rounded on sides, slightly wider than head and distinctly narrower than elytra, pubescence directed laterad from midline of disk; elytra transverse, with pubescence directed posterolaterad and forming waves posteriorly; abdomen gradually narrowed posteriad, narrower than elytra and arcuate laterally. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus broad, narrowly oval, streamlined, tubus broad, triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 129), and slightly produced ventrally at apex, with apical part narrowly elongate in lateral view, venter approximately straight (Fig. 130); internal sac with distinct complex structures (Figs 129,130); tergite VIII emarginate apically with sinuate margin and with two angular lateral processes (Fig. 131); sternite VIII elongate and rounded apically (Fig. 132). Female. Unknown.

Atheta (Dimetrota) mcalpinei
Distribution. Known only from NB, Canada. Natural history. Specimens were collected from rotting gilled mushrooms in a jack pine forest.
Comments. This species bears some general resemblance to Atheta remulsa Casey from which it differs by less transverse antennal articles VII-X, darker elytra ( Fig. 128), differently shaped median lobe of aedeagus with tubus straight and apex not strongly oriented ventrally (Fig. 130). For illustrations of A. remulsa, see Klimaszewski et al. (2011). brown (Fig. 133); integument moderately glossy with strong meshed microsculpture; forebody with fine and dense punctation and pubescence; head elongate, rounded posterolaterally, with moderately large eyes, each about as long as postocular area; an-tennae with articles V-X subquadrate to moderately transverse; pronotum transverse, broadest at middle, arcuate on sides, slightly wider than head and distinctly narrower than elytra, pubescence directed laterad and apicad, forming arcuate lines from midline of disk; elytra transverse, with pubescence directed posterolaterad and forming waves posteriorly; abdomen subparallel. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus narrowly oval, with apical processes angular, tubus narrowly elongate, triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 134), and slightly produced ventrally at apex, with apical part narrow and triangular in lateral view, venter broadly arcuate (Fig. 135); internal sac with two pairs of strongly sclerotized structures (Figs 134,135); tergite VIII truncate apically and with two larger lateral teeth and several small ones between (Fig. 136); sternite VIII rounded apically (Fig. 137). Female. Tergite VIII truncate apically (Fig. 138); sternite VIII broadly rounded apically (Fig. 139); spermatheca with capsule small, club shaped, and with narrow and moderately deep apical invagination, stem thin and irregularly twisted posteriorly (Fig. 140).

Atheta (Dimetrota) petitcapensis
Distribution. Known only from NB, Canada. Natural History. Adults of this species were found under sea wrack and grass debris on a sea beach in the upper intertidal zone.
Comments. This species is superficially similar externally to species of the genus Psammostiba Yosii and Sawada, but has differently shaped mouth parts and genitalia. We include this species in the subgenus Dimetrota on the basis of body pubescence pattern, forebody punctation, and the type of genitalia. Etymology. The specific name, sphagnicola, meaning "living on Sphagnum", is in reference to the Sphagnum hummocks where the holotype was collected.
Distribution. Known only from NB, Canada. Natural history. The three known individuals of this species were collected from sphagnum in a Carex marsh, a calcareous fen, and a tamarack bog. Adults were collected during April and May.
Comments. This species is very distinct in its genital structures. It is superficially similar to A. (D.) venti (Lohse) in terms of having a broad tubus of the median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view. For illustration of A. (D.) venti see Lohse et al. (1990). Etymology. The specific name, pseudoschistoglossa, is an adjective derived from the generic name Schistoglossa, with the prefix pseudo added, reflecting the superficial similarities of this species to the members of the latter genus.
Distribution. Known from AK, BC, and NB, most likely transcontinental in northern Canada.
Natural history. Most adults of A. pseudoschistoglossa were found in or near wetland habitats. These included among cobblestones, drift material, and flood debris along river margins, moist leaves along vernal pond margin in a silver maple swamp, in leaf litter and moss along brook margins in alder swamps, and in litter at base of red maple, in Carex hummock in Carex marshes, in leaf litter in a red oak forest near a flooded seasonally flooded marsh, in a salt marsh, in marsh litter in a Carex-sedge marsh, and in litter and sphagnum at the base of a tree in a marsh. A few adults were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in a hardwood woodland near a seasonally flooded marsh and in an old mixed forest. Adults were collected from mid-April to August.
Comments. The subgeneric position of this species is unsettled. It bears a superficial resemblance to members of the genus Schistoglossa but does not have the apical parts of the mandibles split. It does not belong to Boreophilia because of the very narrow body and different type of aedeagus and spermatheca. In Boreophilia, the median lobe of aedeagus is broad with the bulbus enlarged and broadly connected to tubus in dorsal view, the venter of tubus is approximately straight in lateral view, and the spermatheca is differently shaped (for illustrations of genitalia of Canadian Borephilia see Lohse et al. 1990). It is also similar to Philhygra but it has a large spermatheca similar in shape to those of Schistoglossa, whereas Philhygra have spermathecae that are minute, scarcely visible, and difficult to find. One specimen from AK agrees in all aspects of morphology with those from NB but is distinctly larger and therefore it is listed as a non-paratype. Etymology. The specific name, thujae, is an adjective derived from the generic name Thuja, in reference to the dominant tree species, Thuja occidentalis L., where the holotype and most paratypes were collected.
Description. Body length 2.9-3.0 mm, narrowly subparallel; head, posterior part of abdomen, impressions of abdominal tergites, and medioapical parts of antennae dark brown, with remainder of body yellowish (Fig. 154); integument moderately glossy except strongly so on abdomen, with distinct meshed microsculpture; head slightly narrower than pronotum, elongate, gradually narrowed basally from posterior margin of eyes, eyes small, postocular area long and at least twice as long as diameter of eye; antennae with article V subquadrate and VI-X moderately to strongly transverse; pronotum slightly narrower than elytra, approximately rectangular, with sharp lateral margin, pubescence directed obliquely laterad from midline of disk; elytra slightly transverse with pubescence directed posteriad; abdomen subparallel with deep basal impression on first three visible tergites. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus broad, oval, tubus short, triangular in dorsal view, short and straight in lateral view (Fig. 155); internal sac structures not apparent; tergite VIII with apex truncate, bearing traces of crenulation (Fig. 156); sternite VIII rounded apically (Fig. 157). Female. Tergite and sternite VIII arcuate apically (Figs 158,159); spermatheca small with spherical capsule and short sinuate stem (Fig. 160).
Distribution. Known only from NB, Canada. Natural history. Specimens were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in an oldgrowth eastern white cedar forest, a rich Appalachian hardwood forest with some conifers, and from decaying moldy corncobs and cornhusks in a mixed forest. Adults were collected during May and June.
Comments. This species is unique in the shape of its genitalic features, and there are no closely related species as far as we know. Diagnosis. Atheta klagesi is very similar to the next species, A. pseudoklagesi, and may be distinguished from it by the following combination of characters: body slightly smaller in size and more glossy, yellowish areas on elytra more intense, coloration of legs, bases of antennae and maxillary palps more intense yellowish, and overall body color more contrasting (Fig. 161); median lobe of aedeagus with tubus shorter, apex more arcuate and with slightly different shape (Figs 162-164); spermatheca very similarly shaped; females may be difficult to identify unless collected with males.

Atheta (Pseudota) klagesi
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. Currently recorded from YT, BC, AB, SK, ON, QC, NB, NS, PE, LB and NF (Bousquet et al. 2013), but some of these may prove to be undetected specimens of A. pseudoklagesi. Etymology. The name of this species derives from the species name klagesi and the prefix pseudo-, false, in allusion to its similarity to that species.
Description. Body length 2.6-2.8 mm, narrowly oval; head, pronotum, and posterior part of abdomen dark brown to nearly black, elytra dark brown with two oblique yellowish-brown bands, each ranging from shoulder to lower elytral suture; legs, bases of antennae, maxillary palpi, and often basal part of abdomen yellowish brown (Fig.  170); integument strongly glossy with meshed microsculpture; forebody with punctation and pubescence minute and dense, less so on head; head rounded posterolaterally, with moderately large eyes, each about as long as postorbital area; antennae with articles V-X subquadrate to strongly transverse; pronotum arcuate laterally, broadest just anterior of middle of its length, slightly transverse, distinctly wider than head and dis- tinctly narrower than elytra, pubescence directed laterad from midline of disk; elytra strongly transverse, with pubescence directed posterolaterad; abdomen subparallel, narrower than elytra. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus moderately broad, narrowly oval, tubus narrowly elongate, triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 171), and long, straight for most of its length, with apical part strongly produced ventrally in lateral view (Fig. 172); internal sac with weak structures (Figs 171, 172); tergite VIII with apical margin truncate and serrate (Fig. 173); sternite VIII rounded apically (Fig. 174). Female. Tergite VIII with apical margin truncate (Fig. 175); sternite VIII broadly rounded apically (Fig. 176); spermatheca with narrow bulbus capsule and deep apical indentation, stem long, narrow, and coiled posteriorly (Fig. 177).
This is a sibling species of A. klagesi and was confused with the latter in collections. It may be distinguished from A. klagesi by the following combination of characters: size slightly larger, body less glossy, legs, bases of antennae, maxillary palps and bands on elytra less intensely yellowish in coloration, body color less contrasting overall; median lobe of aedeagus with tubus longer, with apex shaped slightly differently in lateral view; spermatheca very similarly shaped in the two species, and females may be difficult to identify without accompanying males.
Distribution. Currently known only from NB, Canada, but because of confusion with A. klagesi, this species will undoubtedly prove to be more widespread.
Natural history. Adults of this species were found in mature mixed forest, oldgrowth and old white spruce and balsam fir forests, a mature red spruce forest, and in a wet alder swamp. Specimens were collected from coral fungi on a Populus log, fleshy polypore fungi at base of a dead standing Populus, in decaying gilled mushrooms, in gilled mushrooms, and under bark of red spruce. Adults were collected from May to September.
Comments. In the past, the two sibling species were mixed together and identified as A. klagesi. All material across Canada needs to be reexamined to understand the true distribution of the two species. In this paper, only NB specimens were reevaluated. Comments. Several females originally thought to possibly be D. curtipenis (Klimaszewski et al. 2013b) were later determined to be D. subdepressa (Bernhauer). However, we found another specimen from NB that proved to be a female of D. curtipenis. All external characters agree with those of the males. Here, we illustrate the female spermatheca, tergite, and sternite VIII for the first time (Figs 182-184). Comments. A female externally very similar to males of D. longipenis was mentioned by Klimaszewski et al. (2013b) but was not included in the type series or description because of close similarity to specimens of D. piceana Klimaszewski & Jacobs. During 2014, we collected another female that is identical to the one mentioned above. After comparison with D. piceana, we concluded that these females are D. longipenis. Dinaraea piceana differs externally from D. longipenis in possessing stronger microsculpture on the pronotum and elytra (appears matte), with brighter coloration. Here, we illustrate the female spermatheca, tergite, and sternite VIII of D. longipenis for the first time (Figs 189-191).  Natural history. All specimens of D. subdepressa from NB were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in the following forest types: an old jack pine forest, a red pine forest, an old-growth eastern white cedar forest, an old black spruce forest, mixed forests, a red oak forest, and an old balsam poplar forest near a river. Little is known about the biology and microhabitat requirements of this species. Other members of the genus live in subcortical habitats and may play a role as natural enemies of bark beetles and other subcortical insects (Klimaszewski et al. 2013b). This species presumably has a similar biology.

Distribution in Canada and Alaska. NB (New Canadian record).
Comments. Dinaraea subdepressa (Bernhauer) was previously known only from NH in the USA (Bernhauer 1907). Females were previously unknown and are illustrated for the first time in this publication . This species is externally very similar to D. curtipenis Klimaszewski & Webster but differs in having the posterolateral angles of the pronotum very sharp, with the margin strongly depressed from the angle to the middle of the base, forming a groove (Fig. 192). In D. curtipenis, the posterior angle is rounded and the margin is not strongly depressed (Fig. 178). Natural history. Females of this myrmecophilous species were collected from nests of Myrmica alaskensis Wheeler, the only known host ant species Klimaszewski 2004, 2006). Additional specimens were collected from window traps and a pitfall trap in a burned forest Klimaszewski 2006, Klimaszewski et al. 2011 Maruyama and Klimaszewski (2006). Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.

Etymology.
Atypicalis is a Latin adjective meaning not typical, in reference to the atypical shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus of this species, for Philhygra.
Distribution. Known only from NB, Canada. Natural history. Adults of Philhygra atypicalis were collected from rotten bolete mushrooms in an old jack pine forest and from decaying mushrooms in an old mixed forest with Quercus rubra. Specimens were collected during July and August.
Comments. Philhygra atypicalis externally agrees with all characteristics of the genus Philhygra but does not have the typical shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus (Figs 207, 208). In typical forms, the median lobe has an unusually enlarged tubus of complex forms. Interestingly, all specimens of this species were found among decaying mushrooms, an atypical habitat for Philhygra, which are typically associated with wetland and riparian habitats. Diagnosis. Body length 3.4 mm, narrow, subparallel; antennae, head, pronotum, and abdomen dark brown, legs and elytra yellowish brown (Fig. 219); integument not glossy; forebody with minute and dense punctation and dense pubescence; head rounded posterolaterally, with large eyes; antennae with articles V-X slightly elongate to subquadrate; pronotum transverse, slightly wider than head and slightly narrower than elytra, rounded anteriorly, with slight indentations posterolaterally, making the hind angles appear more angular, pubescence directed laterad on arcuate lines from midline of disk; elytra slightly transverse, with pubescence directed posterolaterad in waves; abdomen subparallel, narrower than elytra. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus large, oval, tubus narrow, long and sinuate in lateral view (Fig. 220); internal sac with complex structures (Fig. 220); tergite VIII truncate apically (Fig. 221); sternite VIII parabolic (Fig. 222). Female. Tergite VIII with apical margin shallowly emarginate medially (Fig. 223); sternite VIII slightly produced apically (Fig. 224); spermatheca very small and not illustrated; pygidium as in Fig. 225.

Philhygra hygrotopora (Kraatz, 1856)
Natural history. In NB, P. hygrotopora were found by splashing moss near the splash zone of a waterfall, in gravel on the margin of a shaded spring-fed brook near a waterfall, among gravel on a gravel bar along a shaded brook in a northern hardwood forest, and in gravel along a cold shaded brook. A few individuals were found under decaying seaweed on a sea beach. Adults were collected during June, July, August, and September.

Distribution in Canada and Alaska. NB (New North American record). This is the first record of this species in North America.
Comments. It is unclear if this is an adventive species in North America or a Holarctic one. The habitats that this species was found in are rarely sampled in North America and are not typical for adventive species. Natural history. In NB, P. larsoni was found mostly in wetland habitats. Adults were found by splashing sun-exposed moss-covered rocks in a small river, treading Carex hummocks into water along pond margins, treading vegetation near a small pond in a seasonally flooded marsh, sifting moist grass litter near stream and pond margins, a red maple swamp, and sedge marshes, sifting grass and leaf litter on a hummock in a wet alder swamp, and sifting drift material on a lake margin. Nothing was previously known about the habitat associations of this species. In NF, P. larsoni was collected from May to August without specific habitat data ; in NB, adults were captured from mid-April to mid-August.  Natural history. Most specimens of P. pseudolarsoni from NB were found in wetland habitats. Adults were sifted from litter, grasses, and moss on hummocks near water and sifting sphagnum and litter near a brook in eastern white cedar swamps, and treading Carex hummocks and emergent vegetation in a Carex marsh along lake margins. One individual was collected with a net between 16:30 and 18:00 h in a mixed forest opening during a warm evening. The type and paratypes from the YT were sifted from soil litter from deciduous and mixed forests ), otherwise little was previously known about the habitat associations of this species. Adults were collected during May and June.

Philhygra larsoni Klimaszewski & Langor, 2011
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. YT, NB Bousquet et al. 2013). Philhygra pseudolarsoni was described from the YT . The data presented here suggest that this species has a transcontinental distribution in Canada.   Natural history. Most adults of P. terrestris from NB were collected from shaded sites along brook and river margins. Specimens were found among gravel and clay under alders, by splashing clay and fine sand on sand bars along shaded brooks, and splashing drift material consisting of small sticks and conifer bud debris along a river margin. The type specimen from the YT was sifted from litter in a mixed forest during late May . Adults from NB were collected during June.

Philhygra terrestris Klimaszewski & Godin, 2012
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. YT, SK, NB (Bousquet et al. 2013, Klimaszewski et al. 2015a). Philhygra terrestris was described from the YT . The data presented here indicate that this species has a transcontinental distribution in Canada. Etymology. This species is named for our colleague Georges Pelletier (LFC) who participated in many of our entomology projects.
Distribution. Known only from NB, Canada. Natural history. Adults of S. pelletieri were sifted from drift material (tree bud material) along the margin of a small clear-cold river in an eddy area and found among cobblestones along a fast-flowing river. Specimens were collected during June and July.
Comments. This species is readily distinguishable from other members of the subgenus by its large (3.3-3.5 mm long) dark piceous body, small head, and distinctively shaped genitalia (Figs 256-262). For other species of the genus in Canada, see Klimaszewski et al. (2009a). Natural history. One NB specimen was collected from moose dung in an oldgrowth northern hardwood forest; another was captured in a Lindgren funnel trap in an adjacent old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest. In NF, adults were collected from pitfall traps in fir and riparian forests ). Gusarov (2003 reports the species from leaf litter, often near water. Specimens from NB were captured during May and June.
Natural history. The single specimen from NB was found under a cobblestone on moist sand on a lake margin. Elsewhere, specimens have been found in various open habitats (Brunke et al. 2012 and references therein).
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. YT, ON, QC, NB, NS, PE, LB, NF (Majka et al. 2008a;Klimaszewski et al. 2011;Brunke et al. 2012;Bousquet et al. 2013).  Natural history. In NB, S. obscurata were found in flood debris on a river margin, on soil at the base of grass in a residential lawn, and captured in a Lindgren funnel trap in an old jack pine forest. Brunke et al. (2012) reported this as the most common species in southern ON soybean fields, often occurring in open habitats with S. ambigua.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, NB (Bousquet et al. 2013). Although previously known only from ON at the time of description, Brunke et al. (2012) expected that the species would occur widely in northeastern North America. It was cited from QC in Bousquet et al. (2013), based on information submitted by G. Pelletier (LFC, pers. comm.), who indicated that it was verified by Klimaszewski; Klimaszewski (pers. comm.) was unable to find specimens at LFC from QC, and it is therefore provisionally removed from QC.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, NB Bousquet et al. 2013). Brunke et al. (2012) reported T. hirsuta for the first time for Canada from ON. This species is widespread in NB. Natural history. Two individuals were collected from under cobblestones along a lakeshore in August, another was captured in a Lindgren trap in the canopy of a trembling aspen in a hardwood forest in June. In Alberta, one female was collected with a window trap and in British Columbia, specimens were found in bison dung (Klimaszewski et al. 2015a).
Comments. Klimaszewski et al. (2015a) synonomized this species with Trichiusa atra Casey, T. monticola Casey, T. parviceps Casey, and T. postica Casey. Trichiusa pilosa was previously reported from NS and ON (as T. postica) by Majka and Klimaszewski (2010) and Casey (1906)  Natural history. Most individuals of T. robustula from NB were sifted from compost near a mixed forest during April and September. The species was very common at this site. One individual from a river margin was sifted during July from drift material consisting mostly of maple seeds. Brunke et al. (2012) reported this species from debris along lakeshores and from a grass pile and leaves near a lakeshore in ON.
Distribution in Canada. ON, NB (Bousquet et al. 2013  Etymology. Named for Dr. Stephen Clayden, Curator and Head, Botany and Mycology Section of the New Brunswick Museum, whose collaboration in a joint project studying Coleoptera and lichens in old-growth eastern white cedar forests in NB resulted in the discovery of a number of new species. Description. Body length 2.5-2.7 mm, narrowly subparallel, uniformly dark piceous brown except posterior part of elytra near suture and basal tergal impressions slightly paler, legs, maxillary palpi and bases of antennae light yellowish brown (Fig.  310); integument glossy with meshed microsculpture, pubescence short, dense on pronotum and elytra and sparse on head and abdomen; head narrower than pronotum and elytra, approximately round, tempora about as long as eye seen from above; antennae with articles V-X slightly to strongly transverse; pronotum transverse, margined laterally and basally, narrower than elytra, obtusely angular posterolaterally, broadest at middle of its length, pubescence directed lateroposteriad forming arcuate lines; elytra moderately short, moderately transverse, subparallel, hind margin straight laterally, inwardly arcuate toward suture, pubescence directed obliquely posteriad; abdomen parallel-sided, three basal tergites strongly impressed basally. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with large bulbus and short tubus, venter of tubus with tooth medially, apex narrow, produced ventrally in lateral view, sclerites of internal sac not pronounced except for strong apical folds (Fig. 311); apical margin of tergite VIII emarginate, with two spine-like lateral teeth and two diverging, more rounded ones at middle (Fig.  312); sternite VIII rounded apically (Fig. 313). Female. Tergite VIII truncate apically (Fig. 314); sternite VIII broadly rounded apically (Fig. 315); spermatheca S-shaped, with broad, spherical capsule, and short, broad, sinuate stem (Fig. 316).
Distribution. Known only from NB, Canada. Natural history. This species occurs in very similar habitats to T. corverae; in silver maple and maple forests near seasonally flooded marshes, a river margin, and in a wet alder swamp. Adults were found in moist leaf litter and moist decaying grass along a river margin. Other specimens were captured in Lindgren funnel traps. Adults were collected from May to September. Etymology. The first author of the species, Jan Klimaszewski, would like to dedicate this species to his wife, Patricia Corvera Gandullia, for her love of nature and enthusiasm for entomology.
Distribution. Known only from NB, Canada. Natural history. This species was found in or near seasonally flooded silver maple forests and marshes, an eastern white cedar swamp, a river margin, and a wetland dominated by leather-leaf, Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.). Adults were found in moss and leaf litter, moist litter under leather-leaf, and decaying grass along a river margin. Other specimens were captured in Lindgren funnel traps. Adults were collected from May to August.
Comments. Thamiaraea corverae may be easily separated from Thamiaraea claydeni by darker and broader body, less transverse antennal articles VII-X (Figs 310, 317), median teeth of male tergite VIII directed posteriad (Fig. 319) and not diverging laterad as in T. claydeni (Fig. 312), and spermatheca with more sinuate stem (Fig. 323) than that of T. claydeni (Fig. 316). From the remaining three Nearctic Thamiaraea species, the two species described here may be distinguished by the shape of the median lobe of aedeagus, shape of male tergite VIII and the shape of spermathecae. For illustrations of the other species, see Hoebeke 1988Hoebeke , 1994. Natural history. Myrmecophora vaga was sifted from drift material consisting mostly of dried and decaying sea wrack on a sandy barrier sea beach. Majka et al. (2008a) reported this species from a similar habitat (flotsam on small beach) from NS. A number of western Palaearctic species of Myrmecopora also live in beach drift on coastal sea beaches (Assing 1997).

Myrmecopora vaga (LeConte, 1866)
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. NS, NB (Bousquet et al. 2013). Majka et al. (2008a) reported this species for the first time for Canada from NS. The species has not been identified again in the Lake Superior region since the original description; although Ahn and Ashe (1995: 151) examined specimens in their phylogenetic study, they did not specify any locality data. Etymology. This species is named for Caroline Bourdon (LFC) who works with us on many projects and has produced many images.

Comments. Myrmecopora vaga bears superficial resemblance to European
Description. Body length 3.8-4.0 mm, narrowly oval, robust, head, pronotum, most of elytra and posterior part of abdomen dark brown, elytra with a yellowish-red area or spot extending obliquely from each shoulder and a narrow one along suture in posterior half, base of abdomen, legs, antennae and maxillary palps yellowish brown (Fig. 331); integument moderately glossy, densely and coarsely punctate, especially on elytra and in tergal impressions; head much narrower than pronotum with large eyes, longer than temples, antennae with articles V-X increasingly broadening toward apex; pronotum sinuate basally and rounded laterally, broadest at middle and then abruptly narrowed apicad; elytra with prominent shoulders, broader than pronotum; abdomen subparallel, three basal tergites with deep impressions, each coarsely punctate. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus moderately large, oval, tubus long, strongly produced ventrally, its ventral margin slightly sinuate, apex thin, narrow and acutely pointed in lateral view (Fig. 332); tergite VIII with apical margin broadly emarginate between two large lateral teeth, emargination weakly crenulate (Fig. 333); sternite VIII strongly, triangularly produced apically (Fig. 334). Female. Tergite VIII broadly truncate apically (Fig. 335); sternite VIII obtusely produced apically, with apex rounded (Fig. 336); spermatheca with capsule short, widely club shaped, stem narrow, curved (Fig. 337). This species is externally similar to P. brunswickensis, but its body is broader, more coarsely punctate, and less glossy, the integument is more reddish brown, and the median lobe of the aedeagus is shaped differently, with the venter less strongly sinuate in lateral view (Figs 318, 332).

Distribution.
Known from QC and NB, Canada. Natural history. Pleurotobia bourdonae was found in hardwood and mixed forests. Adults were found in Hapalopilus nidulans (Fr.) Kar. (Polyporaceae) on standing dead American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) trees, in a Pleurotus sp. (Tricholomataceae) on a live sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), and in a decaying fleshy polypore (probably H. nidulans) on a dead standing poplar. A description of the larva and biology of P. tristigmata (Er.) [error for P. tristigma Casey = P. trimaculata (Er.)] is provided by Ashe (1990).
Comments. The genus Pleurotobia Casey was previously represented in North America by one species, P. trimaculata (Erichson) and its three synonyms, P. suturalis Casey, P. tristigma Casey, and P. texana Casey (Ashe 1992). The illustration of the median lobe of the aedeagus and spermatheca of P. trimaculata is provided by Ashe (1992). The two new species described in this paper are easily distinguishable from P. trimaculata by the differently shaped median lobe of the aedeagus and the weak crenulation of the apical margin of male tergite VIII between two large lateral teeth (Figs 333, 340). Etymology. This species name derives from the Canadian province of New Brunswick where the types were found.
This species is externally similar to P. bourdonae, but has a narrower, less coarsely punctate and glossier body, and yellowish body color, the apical teeth of male tergite VIII are less prominent, and the median lobe of the aedeagus is differently shaped, with the venter strongly sinuate in lateral view (Figs 332, 339).
Distribution. Known only from NB, Canada. Natural history. The holotype was found in a slightly dried Pleurotus mushroom on a sugar maple in an old hardwood forest in early August, the paratype was found in a fleshy fungus in a silver maple forest in July.
Comments. See the previous species.

Subtribe Gyrophaenina Kraatz, 1856
Agaricomorpha Etymology. This species is named in honor of Vincent Webster who collected a number of specimens of this species and many other species reported in this and other papers.
Distribution. Known only from NB, Canada. Natural history. Specimens of A. vincenti were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in a rich Appalachian hardwood forest, a Populus tremuloides stand with a few conifers, an old-growth northern hardwood forest, and a hardwood forest on an island in a river. Nothing is known about the specific habitat requirements of this species. Adults were collected during May, June, and July in NB.
Comments. This species may be readily distinguished from A. websteri Klimaszewski & Brunke by the differently shaped pronotum, which is distinctly broader than the elytra, by its uniformly black body, and by the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus, male tergite VIII, and spermatheca (Figs 345,346,347,351) Etymology. This species is named in honor of Chantelle Alderson who helped collect many species reported in this and other papers.
Description. Body length 1.7 mm, short, robust, oval, head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen dark brown, elytra with small paler, reddish area on each shoulder and one along suture, appendages yellowish (Fig. 352); integument with weak meshed microsculpture on head and pronotum and strong on elytra, strongly glossy; pubescence short and sparse, appressed to integument; head small with protruding eyes, almost half as wide as pronotum; pronotum narrow, strongly transverse, broadest at base, almost as wide as elytra at base, and strongly narrowed apicad, pubescence directed posteriad; elytra broader than pronotum, widest posteriorly, pubescence directed pos- teriad; abdomen widest at base, tapering apicad. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with tubus long, broad, and narrowly elongate, apex sharp, produced ventrally in lateral view (Fig. 353); tergite VIII transverse, apical margin with two acute pronounced teeth separated by about one-third width of tergite, with an arcuate emargination between them and shallower ones on either side (Fig. 354); sternite VIII transverse, evenly arcuate apically (Fig. 355). Female. Unknown.
Distribution. Known only from NB, Canada.
Natural history. Gyrophaena aldersonae were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in a red oak forest and an old-growth northern hardwood forest. Two individuals were collected from a polypore (bracket) fungus on the sides of logs. Adults were collected from May to September.
Comments. Gyrophaena aldersonae is a distinct species in the Nearctic fauna, and males have a uniquely shaped tergite VIII (Fig. 354) and median lobe of the aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 353). The shape of the median lobe and apical part of male tergite VIII are somewhat similar to those of Gyrophaena joyioides Wüsthoff reported from Croatia and the Caucasus (Lohse in Lohse 1974, Seevers 1951. Natural history. Two individuals of G. brevicollis were collected from Polyporus squamosus (Polyporaceae) on a dead standing silver maple in a silver maple forest. One specimen from ON was collected from gilled mushrooms , otherwise little is known about the habitat association of this species.

Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) brevicollis Seevers, 1951
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, NB (Bousquet et al. 2013). Brunke et al. (2012) reported this species for the first time for Canada from several sites in southern ON.
Comments. Except for a slight difference in the shape of male tergite VIII, the NB specimen agrees with the description and illustrations in Seevers (1951) for G. brevicollis. We have noted that the shape of the male tergite is variable in other Gyrophaena species (Klimaszewski et al. 2009b).

Distribution in Canada and Alaska. (New Canadian record).
Apparently the species has not been found in North America since Casey's original description of specimens from NY; it was treated as a synonym of A. cuspidatus Erichson by Fenyes (1918), but this has to be confirmed.  Natural history. Most adults of H. laevicollis from NB were found in rotten bolete mushrooms in an old jack pine forest. One individual was captured in a Lindgren funnel trap in a stand of trembling aspen. Adults were collected during August.
Comments. All specimens of H. laevicollis from NB were females. The identification was based on the description and key in Génier (1989). It should be noted that female characters are not as diagnostic as those of males, and thus the determination of these specimens should be considered as provisional until males are obtained from the sites where the species was found.
Natural history. Oligota parva was common in a pile of decaying and moldy corncobs and cornhusks near a composter in a residential area adjacent to a mixed forest. Mites were abundant in the moldy corncobs and cornhusks where the specimens were collected. Majka et al. (2008)  Etymology. Named after polypore mushrooms where the holotype and many of the paratypes were found.
Natural history. This species was found in hardwood forests, a mixed forest, and a mature red spruce and red maple forest. Adults were found in polypore fungi on dead standing American beeches, a large fallen basswood, a Populus log, and on a stump. Specimens occurred within the tubes of the polypore fungi. Adults were collected during June and October.
Distribution. Known only from NB, Canada. Comments. We have checked the world literature on the genus and compared all available genital illustrations and found none matching our species, which led to the conclusion that it was undescribed (Williams 1970a, 1970b, 1973a, 1973b, 1979, Frank 1972, Lohse 1974, Frank et al. 1992, Assing 1995, 2003. In addition, we consulted J.H. Frank, who studied American and Caribbean types and species of Oligota, and he confirmed that our species was not among the species he studied. Natural history. Oligota pusillima was found in a pile of decaying and moldy corncobs and cornhusks near a composter in a residential area adjacent to a mixed forest. Mites were abundant in the moldy corncobs and cornhusks where the specimens were collected. Adults were collected during April, August, September, and October.

Oligota pusillima
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. NB (New Canadian record). Comments. Oligota pusillima is considered a cosmopolitan species (Smetana 2004). It was known in the USA from MA (Fauvel 1889)  Etymology. Named after the village of Sevogle near where the type and most of the paratypes were collected, in apposition.
Natural history. Adults were collected from Lindgren funnel traps in a jack pine forest (most), a red pine forest, and an old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest. Specimens were captured during May and June.
Distribution. Known only from NB, Canada. Comments. We have checked the world literature on the genus and compared all available genital illustrations and found none matching our species, which led to the conclusion that it was undescribed (Williams 1970a, 1970b, 1973a, 1973b, 1979, Frank 1972, Lohse in Lohse 1974, Frank et al. 1992, Assing 1995, 2003. In addition, we consulted J.H. Frank, who studied American and Caribbean types and species of Oligota, and he confirmed that our species was not among the species he studied. rocks near flowing water, in saturated moss and Carex litter in seepages, in leaf litter in areas with Carex near brooks, in moss and litter, and in moss, sphagnum, and leaf litter near brooks in the above habitats. The QC specimens were collected in an oak-beech-maple forest, by sifting deep, moldy leaf litter along bases of large rock blocks, and in a small seepage under a hydro line with large ferns, dogwood and Salix, and by sifting layers of moist dead fern leaves and detritus under ferns. Nothing was previously known about the habitat associations of this species. Adults were collected during April, May, June, July, and September. . Natural history. Adults were collected with a net in a mixed forest opening during the evening, and sifted from among sticks, debris and clay on a beaver dam. One individual was caught in a Lindgren funnel trap in an old-growth northern hardwood forest. This species was collected during May and June in NB. Distribution in Canada and Alaska. BC, ON, NB, NS (Klimaszewski et al. 2007;Majka and Klimaszewski 2008b;Bousquet et al. 2013 Description. Body length 3.2-3.4 mm, narrowly oval, dark brown except antennae, tarsi, and posterior part of elytra near suture paler (Fig. 436); forebody densely punctate and pubescent; head about one-third of maximum pronotal width; antennal articles IV-X from slightly elongate to subquadrate; pronotum broadest at basal third and strongly narrowed apicad, at base as wide as elytra; elytra transverse and slightly longer than pronotum; abdomen arcuate laterally and tapering toward apex. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with tubus strongly bent ventrally in lateral view (Fig. 437), (similar but less strongly produced ventrally in O. ochracea Casey); male tergite VIII broadly emarginate apically, with minute crenulation (Fig. 438) (with more pronounced teeth in H. ochracea); sternite VIII subtriangularly produced apically with apex rounded (Fig.  439). Female. Tergite VIII truncate apically, margin entire (Fig. 440); sternite VIII semicircularly rounded apically (Fig. 441); spermatheca with capsule small, sac-shaped and semispherical apically, stem with about eight to nine tight coils (Fig. 442).
Distribution. Known only from NB, Canada. Natural history. All specimens of H. cryptica were captured in Lindgren funnel traps or flight intercept traps in various forest types. These included a red oak forest, an old mixed forest with red oak, mixed forests, a hardwood forest on an island in a river, an old-growth northern hardwood forest, an old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest, an old jack pine forest, an old red pine forest, and an old white pine stand. Nothing is known about the specific habitat requirements of this species.
Comments. This cryptic species may be separated from H. ochracea by its larger, broader and darker body, pronotum at least as wide as elytra at base (slightly narrower in H. ochracea), elongate antennal articles V-X (transverse in H. ochracea), tubus of median lobe less bent laterally, apical margin of male tergite VIII with minute crenulation (with teeth in H. ochracea), and spermatheca with fewer coils (8-9 in H. cryptica and about 15-17 in H. ochracea).

Mniusa Mulsant & Rey, 1875
Comments. Klimaszewski et al. (2014) reviewed the Canadian species of Mniusa and Ocyusa. In this review, M. minutissima Klimaszewski & Langor was reported for the first time for NB and M. odelli Klimaszewski & Webster was described as a new species. Klimaszewski et al. (2014) illustrated the male genitalia (Fig. 7b, c, d) of a specimen tentatively determined as M. odelli but did not include it and other specimens from NS and QC in the type series because of the poor quality of the specimens. An additional male specimen confirmed as M. odelli was found at the type locality in NB during 2014. The male genitalia conform to those illustrated in Klimaszewski et al. (2014) and are illustrated here along with the adult habitus. In light of this discovery, all NB specimens of Mniusa were reexamined, and it became apparent that some specimens originally determined as M. minutissima were actually M. odelli. Below, we present new and corrected data for the distribution of M. minutissima and M. odelli in NB that reflect these changes and additions. Natural history. The original specimens of M. minutissima from NB were found by sifting moss near a brook and sifting deep conifer litter at the base of a large red spruce in a mature red spruce forest (Klimaszewski et al. 2014). Previous records of this species captured from Lindgren funnel traps in a rich Appalachian hardwood forest reported by Klimaszewski et al. (2014) were M. odelli (see below). An additional record of P. minutissima from NB is reported here from a Lindgren funnel trap in an old-growth eastern white cedar swamp and fen.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. NB, NF (Klimaszewski et al. 2014). Description. Body length 2.5-2.7 mm, subparallel, dark brown with yellowishbrown legs and antennae (Fig. 465); integument moderately glossy, densely punctate and pubescent, pubescence short and adhering to body; head round, narrower than pronotum, eyes small, about one-quarter length of temples in dorsal view; antennal articles all elongate; pronotum round, about as wide as elytra; elytra slightly transverse, subquadrate; abdomen broadly arcuate laterally. Male. Median lobe of aedeagus with tubus broadening apicad in dorsal view (Fig. 466), bulbus with large carina, tubus long, slightly sinuate and produced ventrally at apex in lateral view (Fig. 467); tergite VIII rounded apically (Fig. 468); sternite VIII with apical margin broadly, triangularly produced in middle third, rounded at apex (Fig. 469). Female. Tergite VIII broadly rounded apically (Fig. 470); sternite VIII truncate apically (Fig. 471); spermatheca with capsule club shaped, duct U-shaped, with irregular tight coil posteriorly (Fig. 472). Distribution. Known only from NB, Canada. Natural history. Adults of O. sunpokeana were found in various wetland habitats. Specimens were collected by treading Carex, leather-leaf and sphagnum on a tamarack bog margin, sifted from litter at the base of a red maple in a Carex marsh, sifted from moist litter and grass on hummocks in an alder swamp and adjacent to a slow-flowing stream, sifted from leaf litter near the margin of a slow stream in a red maple swamp, sifted from moist grass litter on muddy soil along an abandoned (dried) beaver pond, and sifted from sphagnum hummocks with Carex and grasses in an open black spruce bog. Adults were collected during April, May, and July.

Mniusa odelli
Comments. This species is externally similar to O. robusticornis Bernhauer but has the median lobe of the aedeagus and spermatheca shaped differently. The only other Nearctic Oxypoda species with a similarly shaped median lobe is Oxypoda subpolaris Casey, but the latter has a differently shaped body with an enlarged, shield-shaped pronotum which is much broader than the elytra. Natural history. Brunke et al. (2012) reported specimens of this species from a hedgerow, from the bank of a sandy creek and from under a rock in a dry streambed. The specimen from NB was collected by splashing moss near the splash zone of a waterfall in September. Specimens from ON were collected during June, September, and October.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, NB (Bousquet et al. 2013).  reported P. americana for the first time for Canada based on specimens from ON and suggested that this species might be more widespread in northeastern North America in habitats near running water.
Comments. Parocyusa americana may be distinguished from P. fuliginosa by antennal articles VI-X elongate (subquadrate to transverse in P. fuliginosa), by elongate pronotum equal in length to elytra (pronotum shorter than elytra in P. fuliginosa), and by the shape of spermatheca. The male of P. americana is unknown. Natural history. The only specimen of P. fuliginosa from NB was collected by splashing the gravel margin of a clear rocky stream in late July. In LB, adults were collected from rocks and gravel along a stream margin in early August. Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, NB, LB (Bousquet et al. 2013). Klimaszewski et al. (2011) reported this species for the first time for Canada from LB. Later, Brunke et al. (2012) reported an additional specimen from ON and suggested that this species might be more widespread in northeastern North America in habitats near running water.