Phylogeny of Tityus representatives from South America obtained by analysis of DNA sequences (12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, 28S rDNA, and Cytochrome c Oxidase I- COI), showing the distribution of the characters states of the ventral setae of telotarsi I–IV (orange: an irregularly distributed tuft of setae (type I); turquoise: two ventro-submedian rows of setae (type II)) across different Tityus subgenera and species-groups. Boxes on branches and associated values correspond to ultrafast-bootstrap (Ubst) values. Observations= Tityus (Tityus) spelaeus sp. nov. is marked in bold.