Male meiosis in Cymatia species. 1–3 C. rogenhoferi: a–c early condensation stages 2MI from the pole. The bivalents (consisting of two side-by-side aligned chromosomes facing the opposite poles) and three univalent sex chromosomes (two X and one Y) form a ring, with a pair of very small and negatively heteropycnotic m-chromosomes in its centre 3 MII. The autosomes and m-chromosome form a ring, with pseudo-trivalent of the sex chromosomes in its centre 4–7 C. coleoptrata: a, b early condensation stages 5MI from the pole. The bivalents (consisting of two side-by-side aligned chromosomes) and two univalent sex chromosomes (X and Y) form a ring, with a pair of very small and negatively heteropycnotic m-chromosomes in its centre 6MI from the equator.The homologous autosomes can be seen lying parallel 7 late MI and AI plates. Scale bar = 10 µm.