Review of the planthopper genus Neohemisphaerius (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea, Issidae) with description of one new species from China

Abstract The planthopper genus Neohemisphaerius Chen, Zhang & Chang, 2014 (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Issidae) is reviewed to include 3 species: Neohemisphaerius wugangensis Chen, Zhang & Chang, 2014 (China: Hunan), Neohemisphaerius yangi Chen, Zhang & Chang, 2014 (China: Guangdong) and Neohemisphaerius guangxiensis sp. n. (China: Guangxi). A revised generic diagnosis is given. The new species is described and all species illustrated. A key to these three species is also given. The species Neohemisphaerius signifer (Walker) is transferred back to Hemisphaerius as Hemisphaerius signifer Walker, comb. revived.


Introduction
The genus Neohemisphaerius was erected by Chen, Zhang & Chang, 2014 for two new species (N. wugangensis and N. yangi) and N. signifer Walker, 1851, from China. In this paper, one new species of the genus Neohemisphaerius is described and illustrated from China, the generic characteristics are redefined and a checklist and key to the known species of the genus are provided. In addition, N. signifer is removed from the genus; its placement was based on the identification by Fennah (1956) which has proven erroneous when compared to studied images of the type in the Natural History Museum, London. This type, which differs from Neohemisphaerius in lacking a median carina on the frons and in having the anteclypeus flat and hindwings well developed, is returned to Hemisphaerius as comb. revived, pending further studies. The non-type specimen from China figured by Fennah (1956) as N. signifer belongs to an unknown species.

Material and methods
The morphological terminology of the head and body follows Chan and Yang (1994), and the terminology of male genitalia follows Gnezdilov (2003). The genital segments of the examined specimens were macerated in 10% KOH and drawn from preparations in glycerin jelly using a light microscope. Photographs of the specimens were made using Zeiss stereo Discovery V8. Microscope with Zeiss Axio Cam HRc camera, images were produced using the software Axion Vision V4.8.2.0 and edited and enhanced using Adobe Photoshop CS4.0.
The type specimens of the new species are deposited in School of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University.
Distribution. China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan) Discussion. The genus Neohemisphaerius is similar to Hemisphaerius Schaum, 1850 and Gergithus Stål, 1870, but it differs from Hemisphaerius in: frons with median carina; clypeus with a hump-shaped process in middle and forewings with claval suture present. It differs from Gergithus in: frons with median carina; forewings with claval suture present; hind wings rudimentary, shorter than half length of forewings. Frons ( 6) dark brown. Pronotum (Fig. 4) dark brown, mesonotum black brown. Forewings (Figs 4-5) with extensive irregular black markings, costal margin with pale brown spots at base and apex, pale stripe arising from middle of costal margin oblique to suture.
Etymology. The specific name refers to the locality, Guangxi province, China. Host plant. Unknown.

Distribution. China (Guangxi).
Remarks. This species is similar to N. wugangensis, but differs in: (i) Anal tube (Fig. 12) longer than broad, with apical margin not expanded (in wugangensis anal tube about as long as broad, apical margin expanded (see Chen et al. 2014: figs 2-35: H); (ii) Aedeagus (Fig. 9) with a bird-head-shaped subapical process in each side, ven-