Review of species of the genus Adelurola Strand, 1928, with a key to species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Alysiinae)

Abstract The alysiine genus Adelurola Strand, 1928 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) is revised. Illustrated re-descriptions and a key to all known species of this genus are given. The following new combination is proposed: Dapsilarthra eurys (Chen & Wu, 1994), comb. n. Adelurola amplidens (Fischer, 1966) and Adelurola asiatica Telenga, 1935 are recorded for the first time from Iran and Kyrgyzstan, respectively.


Introduction
Adelurola Strand, 1928 is a small Palaearctic genus of the braconid subfamily Alysiinae that currently contains five recognised species (Yu et al. 2012). Traditionally, most species of Adelurola were included within Dapsilarthra (e.g. Wharton 1980). Van Achterberg (1983) clarified the status of both genera and found valuable differences between them, including the presence of a ventral lamelliform lobe on the mandible (Fig. 1), the second flagellar segment usually subequal or slightly longer than the first segment, and the precoxal sulcus more or less sculptured.
Our current taxonomic research on the braconid wasps of the subfamily Alysiinae in Iran resulted in the first record of a species of Adelurola in this country. The difficulty for the identification of species of Adelurola has led to a major revision of this genus. In this work, all the currently recognised species Adelurola are re-described and an identification key is provided.

Material and methods
Sampling in Iran was carried out by sweeping with a standard net in Kermanshah province (western part of Iran) in 2013. Specimens were subsequently prepared using the AXA method ( van Achterberg 2009). For terminology of the morphological features and sculpture, measurements and wing venation nomenclature see van Achterberg (1993). Photographs were taken with a Digital Microscope VHX-2000 and with a Nikon® D700 mounted on a Leica® S8APO microscope, with images combined using Helicon Focus® and edited using Adobe Photoshop® imaging system.
Specimens examined are deposited in the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia (ZISP), and in the collection of Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (RMNH). Type specimen of Alysia florimela Haliday was studied by the third author in the Haliday Collection (Dublin, Ireland) ( van Achterberg 1993); the type material of Neocarpa amplidens Fischer is missing in the Zoologische Sammlung (Munich, Germany) and its current location is unclear.
Remarks. This genus is similar to Dapsilarthra but differs from it in having the wide ventral lamelliform lobe on the mandible ( Fig. 1) (absent in Dapsilarthra), the first flagellar segment not shorter than second segment (shorter in Dapsilarthra), precoxal suture sculptured (usually smooth in Dapsilarthra), and radial vein (r) arising submedially from pterostigma (usually before pterostigma in Dapsilarthra).
The observation of these characters in studied images of the holotype of Adelurola eurys Chen & Wu, 1994 showed that this species is better placed under genus Dapsilarthra Foerster, 1863 (comb. n.).
Hosts. Cyclorraphous Diptera (Tephritidae and Anthomyiidae). ( Head entirely smooth; in dorsal view twice as wide as median length, 1.5 times as wide as mesoscutum, with rounded temples behind eye. Eye in lateral view 1.5 times as high as wide and 0.8 times as wide as temple medially. POL 1.5 times OD; OOL 3.5 times OD. Face slightly punctate, with scattered short setae, without middle vertical protuberance in upper half, 1.9 times as wide as high; inner margins of eyes subparallel. Clypeus slightly curved ventrally, 1.9 times as wide as high. Mandible widened towards apex, 1.3 times as long as its maximum width. Upper tooth of mandible broadened towards subapex, longer than lower tooth; middle tooth wide basally and narrowed towards apex, rounded apically; lower tooth rounded apically. Antenna thick, 37-segmented. Scape 1.5 times as long as pedicel. First flagellar segment 3.0 times as long as its apical width; second segment 4.4 times as long as its maximum width, about as long as first segment. Third flagellar segment 4.0 times as long as its maximum width. Penultimate segment 2.0 times and apical segment 4.0 times as long as their maximum widths, respectively.
Wings. Length of fore wing 2.3 times its maximum width. Pterostigma cuneate. Marginal cell ending before apex of wing, 2.5 times as long as its maximum width. Vein 3-SR 2.0 times as long as vein 2-SR. Vein SR1 1.8 times as long as vein 3-SR. Second submarginal cell 3.3 times as long as its maximum width. Vein cu-a postfurcal. Subdiscal cell closed, 3.8 times as long as its maximum width. Hind wing 4.6 times as long as its maximum width.
Legs. Hind femur 5.2 times as long as its maximum width. Hind tibia slightly widened towards apex, about 9.7 times as long as its maximum subapical width, 1.1 times as long as hind tarsus. First segment of hind tarsus 1.8 times as long as second segment.
Metasoma slightly compressed laterally. First tergite rugose-reticulate in apical half, without median carinae, slightly widened towards apex, 1.3 times as long as its apical width. Second metasomal tergite smooth. Ovipositor sheath 0.6 times as long as first tergite, 0.4 times as long as hind femur.
Colour. Body brown to dark brown. First metasomal tergite paler than second and third tergites, apical segments dark. Legs yellow, apical part of the tibia and hind tarsus darker than femur. Wings hyaline. Pterostigma brown.
Body length 3.9 mm; fore wing length 4.3 mm.
Male. Body length 3.5 mm; fore wing length 4.0 mm. Eye in lateral view 1.3 times as high as wide. Mandible 1.1 times as long as its maximum width. First flagellar segment 3.2 times as long as its apical width. Hind femur 4.8 times as long as its maximum width. Otherwise differs from female.
Differences of male types (according to original description : Fischer 1966). Fore wing length 4.4 mm. Mandible 1.3 times as long as its maximum width. Antenna 38-39-segmented. First flagellar segment 3.0 times as long as its apical width. Mesoscutum about as long as its maximum width. Hind femur 4.5 times as long as its maximum width.
Comparative diagnosis. This species is similar to A. asiatica Telenga, 1935 andA. florimela (Haliday, 1838). Adelurola amplidens differs from A. asiatica in having the eye in lateral view 0.8 times as wide as temple medially (1.2 times in A. asiatica), marginal cell 2.5 times as long as its maximum width (3.8 times in A. asiatica), and precoxal suture not reaching anterior and posterior margins of mesopleuron (reaching anterior and posterior margins in A. asiatica). A. amplidens differs from A. florimela in having the eye in lateral view 0.85 times as wide as temple medially (about 1.2 times in A. florimela), first metasomal tergite without median carinae (with median carinae in A. florimela), vein 3-SR 2.0 times as long as vein 2-SR (1.1-1.3 times in A. florimela), vein SR1 1.8 times as long as veins 3-SR (2.2-2.6 times in A. florimela), and marginal cell 2.5 times as long as its maximum width (2.8-3.2 times in A. florimela).
Description. Female. Head entirely smooth; in dorsal view 1.8 times as wide as median length, 1.45 times as wide as mesoscutum, with convex rounded temples behind eye. Eye in lateral view 1.35 times as high as wide and 0.9 times as wide as temple medially. POL 0.8 times OD; OOL 2.8 times OD. Face smooth, with very fine reticulation, with sca- ttered short setae in lateral areas, with low middle vertical protuberance, 2.1 times as wide as high; inner margins of eyes subparallel. Clypeus slightly convex ventrally, about twice as wide as high. Mandible broadened towards subapex, 0.9 times as long as its maximum width. Upper tooth of mandible broadened sideward, much longer than lower tooth; middle tooth wide basally and narrowed towards apex, rounded apically; lower tooth short, rounded apically. Antenna rather slender, 37-segmented. Scape 1.15 times as long as pedicel. First flagellar segment 3.1 times as long as its apical width; second segment 3.7 times as long as its maximum width, 1.2 times as long as first segment. Third flagellar segment about 3.0 times as long as its maximum width. Penultimate segment 2.2 times and apical segment 4.2 times as long as their maximum widths, respectively.
Mesosoma 1.5 times as long as high (lateral view). Mesoscutum smooth, punctate and densely setose in anterior part, 0.9 times as long as maximum width. Notauli coarsely crenulate, present in anterior half of mesoscutum, not reaching with mesoscutal pit. Mesoscutal pit present, very long, sparsely crenulate. Scutellar sulcus distinctly crenulate, with median carina but without lateral carinae. Sides of pronotum smooth in anterodorsal area, mainly rugose-reticulate. Precoxal suture present, wide, reaching anterior margin of mesopleuron but absent posteriorly. Posterior mesopleural furrow sparsely and widely crenulate below and shortly and densely crenulate in upper half. Propodeum completely rugose-reticulate, with numerous scattered setae. Propodeal spiracle relatively small.
Wings. Length of fore wing 2.3 times its maximum width. Pterostigma cuneate. Marginal cell distinctly shortened, reaching distinctly before apex of wing, 2.8 times as long as its maximum width. Vein 3-SR 1.7 times as long as vein 2-SR. Vein SR1 1.9 times as long as vein 3-SR. Second submarginal cell 3.3 times as long as maximum width. Vein cu-a distinctly postfurcal. Subdiscal cell closed, 2.3 times as long as its maximum width. Hind wing 4.0 times as long as its maximum width.
Legs. Hind femur 4.7 times as long as its maximum width. Hind tibia slightly widened towards apex, about 10.0 times as long as its maximum subapical width, as long as hind tarsus. First segment of hind tarsus 1.9 times as long as second segment.
Metasoma compressed laterally. First tergite completely and densely rugose-reticulate, without median carinae, slightly widened towards apex, 1.4 times as long as its apical width. Second metasomal tergite smooth. Ovipositor sheath 0.6 times as long as first tergite, 0.3 times as long as hind femur.
Colour. Body reddish brown to dark brown or black. Metasoma medially light reddish brown, apical segments dark brown. Legs mainly yellow, hind femur and tibia dark. Wings very faintly infuscate. Pterostigma brown.
Body length 3.2 mm; fore wing length 3.0 mm. Variation. Body length 3.4 mm; fore wing length 3.3 mm. Mandible 0.8 times as long as its maximum width; middle teeth distinctly reduced. Antenna 39-segmented. First flagellar segment 3.3 times as long as its apical width; second segment 3.4 times as long as its maximum width, 1.1 times as long as first segment. Mesoscutum about as long as its maximum width. Length of fore wing 2.3 times its maximum width. Marginal cell 3.0 times as long as its maximum width. Vein 3-SR 1.55 times as long as vein 2-SR. Vein SR1 2.0 times as long as veins 3-SR. Second submarginal cell 3.4 times as long as its maximum width. Hind wing 4.3 times as long as its maximum width. Hind femur 5.3 times as long as its maximum width. First metasomal tergite 1.5 times as long as its apical width.
Description. Female. Head entirely smooth; in dorsal view 2.0 times as wide as median length, 1.5 times as wide as mesoscutum, with not convex rounded temples behind eye. Eye in lateral view 1.3 times as high as wide and 1.15 times as wide as temple medially. POL about as long as OD; OOL 3.0 times OD. Face rugulose medially, with scattered setae, with distinct and complete middle prominence, 2.0 times as wide as high; inner margins of eyes subparallel. Clypeus slightly curved ventrally, 3.0 times as wide as high. Mandible broadened towards subapex, 1.2 times as long as its maximum width, rugose. Upper tooth of mandible broadened sideward, distinctly longer than lower tooth; middle tooth wide basally and narrowed towards apex, pointed apically; lower tooth rounded apically. Antenna rather slender, 45-segmented. Scape 1.25 times as long as pedicel. First flagellar segment 3.3 times as long as its apical width; second segment 3.8 times as long as its maximum width, 1.1 times as long as first segment. Third flagellar segment 3.5 times as long as its maximum width. Penultimate segment about 2.0 times and apical segment 3.3 times as long as their maximum widths, respectively.
Mesosoma 1.4 times as long as high (lateral view). Mesoscutum entirely smooth, with dense setae along notauli and scattered setae laterally, as long as its maximum width. Notauli present in anterior half and absent in posterior half, crenulate. Mesoscutal pit present, short, elongate. Scutellar sulcus finely and sparsely rugulose, with distinct median carina but without lateral carinae. Sides of pronotum mainly smooth. Precoxal suture rather wide and rugulose, reaching anterior margin of mesopleuron, but absent posteriorly. Posterior mesopleural furrow completely crenulate. Propodeum completely rugose-reticulate. Propodeal spiracle small.
Wings. Length of fore wing 2.6 times its maximum width. Pterostigma cuneate. Marginal cell just not reaching apex of wing, 3.2 times as long as its maximum width. Vein 3-SR 1.3 times as long as vein 2-SR. Vein SR1 2.2 times as long as veins 3-SR. Second submarginal cell 3.6 times as long as its maximum width. Vein cu-a distinctly postfurcal. Subdiscal cell closed, 2.5 times as long as its maximum width. Hind wing 4.3 times as long as its maximum width.
Legs. Hind femur about 5.0 times as long as its maximum width. Hind tibia slightly widened towards apex, about 10.0 times as long as its maximum subapical width, 0.9 times as long as hind tarsus. First segment of hind tarsus 2.0 times as long as second segment.
Metasoma depressed dorso-ventrally. First tergite completely rugose-reticulate with median carina, hardly widened towards apex (subparallel), 1.6 times as long as its apical width. Second metasomal tergite smooth. Ovipositor sheath 0.3 times as long as first tergite, 0.2 times as long as hind femur.
Colour. Body brown to dark reddish brown. Second metasomal tergite reddish brown, paler than first and apical tergites. Legs yellowish brown, hind tibia apically and most part of hind tarsus distinctly infuscate. Wings almost hyaline. Pterostigma brown.
Body length 3.4 mm; fore wing length 3.9 mm. Variation. Body length 3.1-4.2 mm; fore wing length 3.5-4.3 mm. Antenna 43-49-segmented. First flagellar segment 3.0-3.4 times as long as its apical width; second segment 3.7-4.2 times as long as its maximum width, 1.10-1.15 times as long as first segment. Third flagellar segment 3.5-4.0 times as long as its maximum width. Marginal cell of fore wing 2.8-3.1 times as long as its maximum width. Vein 3-SR 1.1-1.3 times as long as vein 2-SR. Vein SR1 2.2-2.6 times as long as vein 3-SR. Second submarginal cell 3.0-3.5 times as long as its maximum width. Subdiscal cell 2.1-3.0 times as long as its maximum width. Hind femur 4.7-5.0 times as long as its maximum width. First tergite 1.3-1.6 times as long as its apical width. Ovipositor sheath 0.3-0.6 times as long as first tergite, 0.2-0.4 times as long as hind femur.
Male. Body length 3.2-4.0 mm; fore wing length 3.6-4.6 mm. Mandible often brown to dark brown. Veins of fore wing more or less widened; pterostigma distinctly thickened and completely black or dark brown. Hind femur 5.0 times as long as its maximum width. First metasomal tergite narrow, 1.6-1.9 times as long as its apical width.
Distribution. Austria, former Czechoslovakia, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia. Description. Female. Head entirely smooth; in dorsal view 2.0 times as wide as median length, 1.5 times as wide as mesoscutum, with rounded temples behind eye. Eye in lateral view 1.2 times as high as wide and 0.9 times as wide as temple medially. POL as long as OD; OOL 4.3 times OD. Face faintly rugulose-striate, with rather dense setae, with complete middle prominence, 2.4 times as wide as high; inner margins of eyes subparallel. Clypeus distinctly curved ventrally, 2.0 times as wide as high. Mandible not strongly broadened towards subapex,1.3 times as long as its maximum width, rugose. Upper tooth of mandible broadened sideward, distinctly longer than lower tooth; middle tooth wide basally and strongly narrowed towards apex, pointed apically; lower tooth rounded apically. Antenna slender, 45-segmented. Scape 1.9 times as long as pedicel. First flagellar segment 2.8 times as long as its apical width; second segment 3.6 times as long as its maximum width, 1.25 times as long as first segment. Third flagellar segment 3.1 times as long as its maximum width. Penultimate segment 2.4 times and apical segment 3.0 times as long as their maximum widths, respectively.
Wings. Length of fore wing 2.2 times its maximum width. Pterostigma cuneate. Marginal cell reaching just before apex of wing, 3.5 times as long as its maximum width. Vein 3-SR 1.3 times as long as vein 2-SR. Vein SR1 2.6 times as long as vein 3-SR. Second submarginal cell 3.1 times as long as its maximum width. Vein cu-a postfurcal. Subdiscal cell closed, 2.6 times as long as its maximum width. Hind wing 4.3 times as long as its maximum width.
Legs. Hind femur 4.7 times as long as its maximum width. Hind tibia slightly widened towards apex, about 10.0 times as long as its maximum subapical width, as long as hind tarsus. First segment of hind tarsus 1.9 times as long as second segment.
Metasoma compressed laterally. First tergite slightly rugose-reticulate in apical half, with several striae, with median carinae, not widened towards apex (parallel subparallel), 1.6 times as long as its apical width. Second metasomal tergite smooth. Ovipositor sheath 0.7 times as long as first tergite, 0.4 times as long as hind femur.
Colour. Body dark brown dark reddish brown. Second and third metasomal tergites light reddish brown, apical tergites faintly pale. Legs yellowish brown, hind femur apically, hind tibia in apical half and most part of hind tarsus distinctly infuscate. Wings hyaline. Pterostigma brown basally and pale brown apically.
Body length 2.9 mm; fore wing length 3.5 mm.
Variation. Fore wing length 3.4 mm. Head in dorsal view 1.9 times as wide as median length POL 0.8 times as long as OD. Face about twice as wide as high. Clypeus 2.5 times as wide as high. Mesosoma 1.5 times as long as high (lateral view). Length of fore wing 2.4 times its maximum width. Vein 3-SR 1.4 times as long as vein 2-SR. Vein SR1 twice as long as veins 3-SR. Second submarginal cell 3.4 times as long as maximum width. Subdiscal cell 2.3 times as long as its maximum width. Hind femur 4.6 times as long as its maximum width. First tergite 1.5 times as long as its apical width. Ovipositor sheath 0.8 times as long as first tergite.
Male. Unknown. Diagnosis. This species is similar to A. florimela (Haliday, 1838), but differs from it in having the scutellar sulcus smooth and without complete median carina (sculptured and with complete median carina in A. florimela), first flagellar segment shorter (longer in A. florimela), mandible slightly widened towards apex and its upper tooth smaller and less protruding upwards (distinctly widened and with large upper tooth in A. florimela), precoxal suture finely and narrow rugulose (distinctly and widely rugose in A. florimela), pterostigma paler, pale brown (darker, brown in A. florimela).
Type material. Holotype: female (studied the images), China, "Xianfengling, Mt. Wuyi, Fujian, 2.viii.1986, Liu Minghui" (Beneficial Insects Institute, Fujian Agricultural University, Fuzhou, China). Remarks. After examining of the holotype images of A. eurys we surely considered that this species actually belongs to the genus Dapsilarthra by the absence of a ventral lamelliform lobe on mandible and elongated the first flagellar segment of antenna.

Discussion
Adelurola is exclusively Palaearctic small genus of parasitoid wasps of subfamily Alysiinae closely related to Dapsilarthra. If A. florimela (Haliday) is very widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region (from U.K. till Russian Far East), then other three species have local Asian distribution on the territories of Middle East [A. amplidens (Fischer)], Central Asia (A. asiatica Telenga) and Kamchatka Peninsula (A. kamtshatica Belokobylskij). Additionally this paper includes the first records of Adelurola species, A. amplidens and A. asiatica Telenga, from Iran and Kyrgyzstan.
Unfortunately, the hosts of Adelurola taxa are unknown yet. However published in this paper information is valuable one owing to significant role of many Alysiinae taxa in the regulation of the natural dipterans populations mainly from families Anthomyiidae and Tephritidae.