Two new bamboo-feeding species of the genus Kirbyana Distant, 1906 from China (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Cixiidae)

Abstract Two new bamboo-feeding species of the cixiid planthopper genus Kirbyana Distant, 1906 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Eucarpiini), K. aspina Zhi & Chen, sp. nov. and K. furcata Zhi & Chen, sp. nov., are described and illustrated from southern China. A key to all known species and a map of their geographic distributions are provided.


Introduction
The planthopper genus Kirbyana was established by Distant (1906), with Kirbya pagana Melichar, 1903 as the type species. This genus belongs to the tribe Eucarpiini of subfamily Cixiinae (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) (Holzinger et al. 2002). Previously, eight species and one subspecies in this genus have been recorded: Kirbyana australis (Muir, Description. Body length: male 5.6-6.1 mm (N = 9), female 5.9-6.5 mm (N = 7). Coloration. General color light brown (Figs 1A-E, 3J, K). Eyes blackish brown, ocelli light yellow, semitransparent. Vertex generally yellowish white. Face generally dark brown; rostrum light brown. Pronotum with discal areas and mesonotum with area between lateral carinae yellowish white, lateral areas brown. Forewing light brown, semi-translucent. Stigma light brown. The basal half dotted with small dark brown spots and distal half with two large dark brown patches; small dark brown spots on the ends of longitudinal veins. Hind tibiae and abdominal sternites yellowish brown.
Head and thorax. Vertex (Figs 1C, 2A) broad, 2.2 times wider than long; anterior margin truncated, posterior margin arched and recessed. Frons (Figs 1D,2B) widest at the level of antennae, as long as wide; frontoclypeal suture nearly concave into an arch; middle carina with basal half absent; lateral carinae distinct and slight elevated. Rostrum distinctly surpassing hind coxae, subapical segment 2.5 times longer than apical segment. Pronotum (Figs 1C, 2A) 2.4 times longer than vertex; median carina indistinct, posterior margin nearly at right angle. Mesonotum 1.7 times longer than pronotum and vertex combined. Forewing (Fig. 2C) 2.4 times longer than wide, with 10 apical and 6 subapical cells; fork Sc+RP slightly basad of fork CuA 1 +CuA 2 , first crossvein r-m at same level of fork MP, RP two branches, MP with five terminals: MP 11 , MP 12 , MP 2 , MP 3 and MP 4 , fork MP 1 +MP 2 basad of fork MP 3 +MP 4 . Metatibiotarsal formula: 6/8-9/9, second segment of hind tarsus with four platellae (Fig. 2D).   Male genitalia. Pygofer (Fig. 2E, F) symmetrical, dorsal margin concave and Ushaped, slightly widened towards apex in ventral view; in lateral view, lateral lobes extended in an arc caudally, medioventral process triangular in ventral view. Anal segment (Fig. 2E, G) broad, dorsal margin almost straight, apical half of ventral margin convex, apical lobes round in lateral view; 1.7 times longer than wide in dorsal view; anal style strap-shaped, not beyond anal segment. Gonostyli (Fig. 2E, F, H) symmetrical in ventral view; in inner lateral view, base of ventral margin concave, dorsal margin bending inwards at a nearly right angle in the middle, apical part extended, apical margin round. Aedeagus (Fig. 2I-L) with total of five processes. On right side, apex of periandrium with a long spinous process, sinuous, apex directed right-dorsocephalically; basal 1/4 of ventral margin with two short spinous processes, the longer one straight, directed caudally, the shorter one slightly curved and apex directed ventrocaudally; apical 1/3 of ventral margin with a curved spinous process, apex directed apically. Endosoma moderately sclerotised, relatively short, generally curved dorsally. The left dorsal margin with a long spinous process, slightly curved, and apex directed ventrocephalically.
Female genitalia. Posterior margin of pregenital sternite concave. Tergite IX (Fig.  3A, D) moderately sclerotised, with length almost equal to width in caudal view. Anal tube (Fig. 3A, C) short, nearly rectangular, slightly widened towards apex, 1.5 times longer than wide in dorsal view; dorsal and ventral margins nearly straight in lateral view, anal styles strap-shaped. Gonapophysis VIII (Fig. 3E) elongate, and slightly curved upwards. Gonapophysis IX (Fig. 3F), distance ratio between middle tooth to apex and length of denticulate portion is 1.50. Gonoplac (Fig. 3G) rod-like, 3.7 times longer than wide. Posterior vagina (Fig. 3H, I) elongate. The ventral wall of posterior vagina with two nearly oblong sclerites basally; the dorsal wall with a small long sclerite in the middle aera.
Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word "aspina", referring to the apex of left side of periandrium without process.

Distribution. China (Hunan).
Remarks. The male genitalia of K. aspina sp. nov. is similar to K. furcata sp. nov., but differs in: (1) endosoma with one spinous process (endosoma with three spinous processes in K. furcata); (2) base of ventral margin of the periandrium without a furcate process (base of ventral margin of periandrium with a long furcate process in K. furcata) (3) apical margin of gonostyli round in lateral view (the latter transversal).   rostrum light brown. Pronotum with discal areas and mesonotum with area between lateral carinae yellowish white, lateral areas brown. Forewing light brown, semi-translucent, the basal half dotted with small dark brown spots and distal half with two large dark brown patches; small dark brown spots on the ends of longitudinal veins; stigma light brown. Hind tibiae yellowish brown and abdominal sternites dark brown.
Male genitalia. Pygofer (Fig. 5E, F) symmetrical, dorsal margin concave and Ushaped, slightly widened towards apex and concaved medially in ventral view; in lateral view, lateral lobes trapezoidally extended caudally, medioventral process round in ventral view. Anal segment (Fig. 5E, G) broad, dorsal margin almost straight, apical half of ventral margin convex, apical lobes round in lateral view; 1.5 times longer than wide in dorsal view; anal style strap-shaped, not beyond anal segment. Gonostyli (Fig.  5E, F, H) symmetrical in ventral view; in inner lateral view, base of ventral margin concave, dorsal margin bending inwards at a nearly right angle in the middle, apical part extended, apical margin transversal. Aedeagus (Fig. 5I-L) with total of seven processes. On right side, apex of periandrium with a long spinous process, sinuous, apex directed right-ventrocephalically; base of ventral margin with a long furcate process, one ramus large, apex strongly curved and directed dorsocaudally, the other ramus rather small; a shorter curved spinous process on ventral margin near base, apex directed dorsocaudally; apex of periandrium with a medium-sized spinous process, slightly curved and directed ventrocephalically. Endosoma moderately sclerotised, relatively short, generally curved dorsally. Three spinous processes on or near the apex, the right one medium-sized, slightly curved and directed ventrocephalically; the middle one on the dorsal margin, longest and straight, apex directed right-ventrocephalically; the left one extremely short, apex directed cephalad.
Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word "furcata", referring to the base of ventral margin of periandrium with a long furcate process.

Distribution. China (Guangxi, Yunnan).
Remarks. This species can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following characters: ventral margin of periandrium with three spinous process, two on base and one on apex; apex of periandrium with a long spinous process on the right side; endosoma with three spinous processes on or near the apex.

Discussion
Prior to this study, nothing had been reported on the host plants of Kirbyana except that K. deventeri (Kirkaldy, 1907) fed on Saccharum officinarum L. (Poales, Poaceae) (Kirkaldy 1907). As far as we have observed during our field trips, these two new species, K. aspina Zhi & Chen, sp. nov. and K. furcata Zhi & Chen, sp. nov. from southern China, were collected on bamboo (Poaceae, Bambuseae), which might be the plant on which they feed.