Thirty-five new species of the spider genus Pimoa (Araneae, Pimoidae) from Pan-Himalaya

Abstract Thirty-five new species of the Pimoa Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943 are described from Pan-Himalaya: P. anning Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), P. bomi Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), P. cawarong Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♀), P. daman Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♀), P. danba Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♀), P. deqen Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♀), P. dongjiu Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), P. guiqing Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♀), P. gyaca Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♀), P. gyara Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), P. gyirong Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), P. heishui Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), P. jinchuan Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), P. khaptad Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♀), P. koshi Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♀), P. lhatog Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♀), P. mechi Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), P. miandam Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), P. miero Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), P. mude Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♀), P. muli Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), P. naran Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♀), P. ninglang Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♀), P. nyalam Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), P. phaplu Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), P. putou Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♀), P. rara Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♀), P. sangri Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), P. shigatse Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♀), P. tengchong Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), P. xiahe Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), P. yejiei Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♀), P. yele Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), P. zayu Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), P. zhigangi Zhang & Li, sp. nov. (♀). The DNA barcodes of the thirty-five new species are provided.

The genus Pimoa has a disjunct distribution: It's known from the west coast of the USA, from Washington to California in the Nearctic, the Alps, the Cantabrian Mountains of northern Spain, and East Asia (Himalaya to Beijing) in the Palaearctic (Mammola et al. 2016;Zhang and Li 2020;WSC 2021). More than half of all pimoids are known from Asia. Seventeen species have thus far been described from China, most distributed in Tibet and Sichuan Province, and others in Beijing, Hunan, and Yunnan Provinces (Hormiga 1994a;Griswold et al. 1999;Xu and Li 2007;Xu and Li 2009;Yuan et al. 2019;Zhang and Li 2019;Zhang et al. 2020). Pimoids mainly occur in wet and cold environments, such as in the crevices of mossy rocks or tree hollows.
After examining specimens collected from Pan-Himalaya, part of an ongoing project about the phylogeny of Pimoidae, we recognized 35 new species, of which 26 are from China, seven are from Nepal, and two are from Pakistan. DNA barcodes were also obtained for the new species.

Materials and methods
Specimens were examined with a LEICA M205C stereomicroscope. Images were captured with an Olympus C7070 wide zoom digital camera (7.1 megapixels) mounted on an Olympus SZX12 dissecting microscope, subsequently assembled using Helicon Focus 3.10.3 image stacking software (Khmelik et al. 2006). Epigynes and male palps were examined after dissection from the spiders' bodies. The left palps were illustrated unless otherwise noted. Epigynes were removed and treated in a warmed 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution.
All measurements were obtained using a LEICA M205C stereomicroscope and are given in millimeters. We measured the length of the legs and body using a ruler in the eyepiece. Eye sizes were measured as the maximum diameter from either dorsal or frontal views. Leg measurements are shown as total length (femur, patella + tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). The terminology used in the text and the figure legends follows Hormiga (1994a). The distribution map was generated using ArcView GIS 3.2 software (ESRI 2002).
Abbreviations used in this paper and in the figure legends:
DNA barcodes were obtained for the 35 new species by amplifying and sequencing a partial fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) using the primers LCO1490-oono (5'-CWACAAAYCATARRGATATTGG-3') (Folmer et al. 1994;Miller et al. 2010) and HCO2198-zz (5'-TAAACTTCCAGGTGACCAAAAAAT-CA-3') (Zhao and Li 2017). For additional information on extraction, amplification, and sequencing procedures, see Wang et al. (2008). All sequences were checked for validity using BLAST and are deposited in GenBank. The accession numbers are provided in Table 1.
All specimens (including molecular vouchers) are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS), Beijing, China.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Sichuan, China (Fig. 59).  distinguished by the nearly bean-shaped, unseparated spermathecae (Fig. 21A) (vs. oval, close to each other in P. rara sp. nov. and nearly oval, separated by ca. 1/2 width of a spermatheca in P. samyai) and also distinguished from P. samyai by the pointed dorsal plate (Fig. 21B) (vs. blunt).
Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (Fig. 59). Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Sichuan, China (Fig. 59). Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality. Diagnosis. Pimoa mude sp. nov. resembles those of P. daman sp. nov. (Fig. 6A-D) and P. zhigangi sp. nov. (Fig. 53A-D) but can be distinguished from the nearly oval spermathecae separated by a short distance (Fig. 30A) (vs. triangular, unseparated in P. daman sp. nov. and nearly round, separated by ca. 1/2 width of a spermatheca in P. zhigangi sp. nov.) and also distinguished from P. daman sp. nov. by the narrow ventral plate (Fig. 30A) (vs. wider), from P. zhigangi sp. nov. by the distally narrow ventral plate (Fig. 30A) (vs. broad), and by the distally blunt dorsal plate (Fig. 30B) (vs. pointed).

Pimoa putou
Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality. Diagnosis. Pimoa putou sp. nov. resembles those of P. jinchuan sp. nov. (Fig. 20A-D) and P. yele sp. nov. (Fig. 50A-D) but can be distinguished by the tongue-shaped ventral plate with two processes proximally (Fig. 39A) (vs. distally curved in P. jinchuan sp. nov. and broad in P. yele sp. nov.) and also distinguished from P. yele sp. nov. by the ventral plate slightly longer than the dorsal plate ( Fig. 39B) (vs. shorter).
Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Gansu, China (Fig. 59).  Etymology. The specific name is named after the collector Yejie Lin and is a noun (name) in genitive case.