Four new coelotine species (Araneae, Agelenidae, Coelotinae) from South China, with the first description of the male of Coelotes septus Wang, Yin, Peng & Xie, 1990

Abstract Four new species are described from Jinggang Mountain National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province of southern China: Draconarius lingdangsp. nov. (♂♀), D. substrophadatussp. nov. (♀), Orumcekia cipingensissp. nov. (♀) and Tonsilla shuikouensissp. nov. (♀). Additionally, Coelotes septus Wang, Yin, Peng & Xie, 1990 is redescribed and its male is described for the first time.

Palp (Fig. 1C-E). Femur and patella without apophysis. Tibia with wide ventrolateral apophysis and small retrolateral apophysis. VTA extending beyond half of tibia, strongly sclerotized; RTA small, < 1/5 × length of ventrolateral apophysis, apex pointing to the base of cymbium. Cymbial furrow slightly shorter than half of the cymbial length in retrolateral view. Median apophysis indistinct, slightly protruding. Sclerite, tooth-like in retrolateral view, located near the base of embolus; conductor, extending transversally, apical part hook-shaped and pointing to distal part of cymbium, with many ridges; basal part with a long, curved, sclerotized dorsal apophysis, less than the length of transversal conductor; embolus whip-shaped, originating at the 6 o'clock position, coiled around the margin of cymbium and posteriorly curved and embedded in the furrow of conductor.
Comments. This species was described by Yin et al. (1990) based on five female specimens, collected from Yanling County, Hunan Province and was not collected after its original description. Xin-ping Wang (Zhu et al. 2017) re-examined the holotype, providing more detailed characters that make this species more easily identified. Coelotes septus does not belong to the two groups recognized from China and defined by Wang (2002), namely the Coelotes atropos group and the Coelotes pseudoterrestri group. It is also different from other Coelotes species in the patellar apophysis and tooth-like sclerite of male palps, epigynal teeth, and transverse slit-like copulatory openings of the female epigyne. Hence, it is possible that it is not a true Coelotes species. However, it was placed in the genus Coelotes in its initial description; therefore, it is provisionally retained in Coelotes.
Distribution. Known only from Jiangxi and Hunan Provinces, China (Fig. 8). Etymology. The name comes from the Chinese word lingdang, meaning bell, referring to the shape of the spermathecae as seen through the ventral cuticle; noun in apposition.

Genus
Diagnosis. The male of this species is similar to that of D. potanini (Schenkel, 1963) in having the whip-like embolus with two turns in the anterior part and the absence of a patellar apophysis, but differs by the broad distal groove of conductor (vs. narrow in D. potanini) and the triangular and sharp retrolateral tibial apophysis (vs. broad and blunt in D. potanini) ( Fig. 3C-E). The male of this species also resembles those of D. peregrinus Xie & Chen, 2011 by its long conductor with a triangular distal groove and the absence of a patellar apophysis, but can be separated from it by the embolus extending along the inner margin of cymbium and the distal part with two turns (vs. extending along ectal margin of cymbium and without turn in D. peregrinus) ( Fig. 3C-E). The female of this species resembles those of D. peregrinus in the transparent copulatory ducts wrapping around spermathecae, but differs by the short pocketshaped epigynal teeth (vs. horn-like in D. peregrinus), and the oval spermathecae (vs. elongated ellipsoid in D. peregrinus) (Fig. 4C, D).
Comments. Patellar apophysis is absent in the male palp of this species, as well as in Draconarius aspinatus (Wang, Yin, Peng & Xie, 1990), D. peregrinus Xie & Chen, 2011, D. potanini, D. rufulus (Wang, Yin, Peng & Xie, 1990), D. subabsentis Li, 2008 andD. tiantangensis Xie &Chen, 2011, all recorded from China. It seems that they are different from most Draconarius which have a clear PA in male palp. All of them are likely to belong to the same species group.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Jiangxi Province, China (Fig. 8).  Etymology. The name refers to its similarity to D. strophadatus (Zhu & Wang, 1991). Diagnosis. The female of this species is similar to that of D. strophadatus in having the labium-like atrium, the long horn-shaped epigynal teeth and the waved copulatory ducts, but differs by the epigynal teeth separated by 1/2 their length (vs. 1/4 in D. strophadatus) and the copulatory ducts from sub-anterior part of vulvae extending to median part forming a C-shaped turn (vs. from anterior part of vulvae extending to median part forming a S-shaped turn in D. strophadatus) (Fig. 5C, D).
Epigyne (Fig. 5C, D). Atrium, labium-like, arising from posterior. Epigynal teeth long, horn-like, located at anteromedian of epigynum. Copulatory openings located at sub-posterior part of the atrium, covered by a transverse plate. Copulatory ducts S-shaped, extending from sub-posterior to antero-lateral part of vulva, then back, connecting with anterolateral part of spermathecae. Spermathecae ampullate, separated by less than their lengths. Fertilization duct short, located posteriorly on spermathecae, curved posteriorly.
Male. Unknown. Comments. Unfortunately, only one specimen of Draconarius substrophadatus sp. nov. was found, as well as of D. strophadatus. They share the similar characters of long epigynal teeth, the labium-like atrium located posteriorly, and the waved copulatory ducts, and the new species is tentatively placed in the genus Draconarius. Hopefully, finding the males of these two species in the future will reveal their generic placement.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Jiangxi Province, China (Fig. 8).

Genus Orumcekia Koçak & Kemal, 2008
There are seven species currently assigned to this genus and they are all distributed in Asia, including China, Thailand, and Vietnam. They are all reported from China except O. lanna (Dankittipakul, Sonthichai & Wang, 2006) and characterised by the male palp with two patellar apophyses, a single tibial apophysis, and the female epigyne without epigynal teeth and with a transversal enlarging atrial ridge. It is worth mentioning that most of them are known by a single female only: O. jianhuii (Tang & Yin, 2002;Hunan), O. lanna (Thailand), O. pseudogemata (Xu & Li, 2007;Sichuan), and O. subsigillata (Wang, 2003;Zhejiang). Thus, they still need to be supplemented by the other sex in future collections.  Diagnosis. The female of this species is similar to that of O. gemata (Wang, 1994), the type species of the genus, in having the broad bugle-shaped copulatory ducts and touching sac-shaped posterior spermathecae, but differs by the longer copulatory duct with a spiral tube (vs. absent in O. gemata) and the sac-shaped spermathecae with the anterior peanut-shaped parts slightly separated from each other (vs. Y-shaped parts touching in O. gemata) (Fig. 6C, D).
Comments. A cluster of blind tubes located on the anterior part of the spermathecae of this species is unclear to us; we called them glandular tubes. They are probably homologous with spermathecal heads also originated from spermathecae.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Jiangxi Province, China (Fig. 8).  (Wang, Yin, Peng & Xie, 1990) in having the slightly separated horn-like epigynal teeth located at the antero-median margin of a large atrium, and the short copulatory duct and spermathecae aggregated at the posterior part of vulvae, but can be separated from it by the large heart-shaped epigynal atrium (vs. horseshoe-shaped in T. variegata) and the copulatory ducts arising from subposteromedian part of the epigyne (vs. sub-posterolateral in T. variegata),and spermathecal heads pointing submedially towards the dorsal copulatory openings (Fig. 7C, D).
Epigyne (Fig. 7C, D). Atrium, heart-shaped, rising from anterior to sub-posterior. Epigynal teeth thin and short, anteromedially located at the margin of atrium, separated by half length of epigynal teeth. Copulatory openings located at the posterior part of the atrium, separated by a narrow septum. Copulatory ducts ear-shaped, longer than epigynal teeth. Spermathecal heads finger-shaped, convergent, as long as half of epigynal teeth. Spermathecae sac-shaped, separated less than half of their lengths. Fertilization duct short, located posteriorly on spermathecae.
Comments. This species is characterized by the large atrium anteriorly located and the thin and short epigynal teeth anteromedially located. These characters are similar to those of Tonsilla species. Thus, this new species is tentatively placed in the genus Tonsilla until their matching males are found.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Jiangxi Province, China (Fig. 8).

Discussion
Coelotinae F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893 is the largest subfamily among the spider family Agelenidae since it was transferred from Amaurobiidae by Miller et al. (2010) based on a phylogenetic analysis. The total number of species in Coelotinae has increased greatly in the last ten years (WSC, 2020). However, there are still many taxonomical problems to be resolved, especially in the two largest groups of genera, close to Coelotes and Draconarius. The main reason includes the following factors: firstly, ca. 70% species in these two genera are described from a single sex only; secondly, male species are very difficult to collect when in the mature period, because of the wandering behavior in this period searching for females; finally, some descriptions were superficial and only a few ink drawings were provided in previous work, causing difficulties in later species diagnosis. There is no doubt that the taxonomical work of these species has a long way to go. It is interesting to note that some Chinese species, including those species described here, clearly appear to differ from some of their congeners, such as C. septus, which is characterized by the conspicuous tooth-like sclerite near the embolic base.
Draconarius lingdang shares common features with D. aspinatus, D. peregrinus, D. potanini, D. rufulus, D. subabsentis, and D. tiantangensis (Wang et al. 1990;Xu and Li 2008;Xie and Chen 2011). The main similarities in males are the absence of patellar apophyses, which exist in other Draconarius species. Unfortunately, the males of D. substrophadatus, Orumcekia cipingensis, and Tonsilla shuikouensis are still unknown. These problems need to be solved not only by the discovery of the unknown sexes, but also by analyzing the relationships using alternative methods, such as molecular studies.