Two new species and five newly recorded species of the genus Udea Guenée from China (Lepidoptera, Crambidae)

Abstract A checklist of the 31 Chinese species of Udea is given, including the new species and new records. Udea curvata sp. n. and Udea albostriata sp. n. are described and illustrated. Udea exigualis (Wileman, 1911), Udea stationalis Yamanaka, 1988, Udea prunalis (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), Udea elutalis (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) and Udea cyanalis (La Harpe, 1855) are newly recorded for China.


Introduction
Udea Guenée is a large genus, with more than 210 species, and is mainly distributed in the temperate Eurasia and in the New World, with a remarkable number of endemic species occuring on islands in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, on the Hawaiian Islands and some other islands (Nuss et al. 2003(Nuss et al. -2014Mally and Nuss 2011;Slamka 2013). Udea is usually placed in the Spilomelinae (Munroe 1995;Solis and Maes 2003), but this placement is not confirmed by phylogenetic study (Mally and Nuss 2011).
Morphology and genitalia of Udea are simple and uniform throughout the genus. Species of Udea are dark to light greyish, brown, reddish-yellow, dark yellowish or pale yellow; the forewing has a circular and a reniform cellular stigmata; the hindwing bears a streak at the anterior angle and a dot at the posterior angle of cell; the wings usually with marginal dots at ends of veins. Male genitalia with uncus inverted T-shaped, apex bulbous, with setae; fibula extending ventrad to distad. Corpus bursae usually with a large lanceolate, denticulate signum in female genitalia.

Material and methods
This study is based on the examination of specimens collected by using light traps. Terminology of the genitalia follows Maes (1995), Nuss (2011) andSlamka (2013). Genitalia dissection and mounting methods follow Robinson (1976) and Li and Zheng (1996), with some modification. The specimens are deposited in the Biology Museum, Sun Yat-sen University (SYSBM) except those specified with the Insect Collection, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University (NKUM).
with sharp point. It differs from U. stationalis and U. montensis by bent harpe with sharp point. Its phallus apodeme lacking a small lateral tooth-like process is different from U. montensis. U. exigualis is similar to U. ferrugalis and U. testacea (Butler) with yellowishbrown forewing bearing dark brown fringe, but can be distinguished in male genitalia by the more slender and shorter fibula and the juxta without dorsal arms.

Diagnosis.
This species is similar to other species of U. lugubralis-complex. It can be distinguished from U. lugubralis by smaller size (wingspan 15-20 mm). Differs from both U. lugubralis and U. exigualis by somewhat straight harpe, by lacking granularly membranous interval zone between antrum and colliculum. Differs from U. montensis by the phallus apodeme lacking the small lateral tooth-like process, and by lacking granularly membranous interval zone between antrum and colliculum.
Material Diagnosis. This species is similar to U. decrepitalis and U. elutalis with zigzaggy serrated postmedian line and darker postmedian area of forewing, but can be distinguished in: fibula claw-shaped, bent, with point apex; phallus with a thumb-shaped cornutus. Differs from U. decrepitalis also by colouration of forewing stigmata identical with ground colour. U. curvata is similar to U. conubialis in male genitalia, but can be distinguished in: wingspan 25.5-28.5 mm, ground colour yellow, postmedian line zigzaggy, proximal cellular stigma distinct, fibula strongly bent. U. curvata similar to U. lutealis with yellow ground colour and colouration of forewing stigmata identical with ground colour, but can be distinguished by bent fibula extending ventro-distally, juxta bifid ventrally, phallus with a thumb-shaped cornutus, posterior phallus with granulated area not sclerotised, and lacking projecting denticulate ridge most posteriorly.
Description. Male (Fig. 1). Wingspan 25.5-28.5 mm. Frons yellowish-brown, with white lateral band not extending to anterior end, and a faint, short middle band. Vertex pale yellowish-brown. Labial palpus slightly upturned obliquely, third segment porrect; length about 2.5 times diameter of eye; yellowish-brown, contrastingly white at base ventrally. Maxillary palpus yellowish-brown, with a brush of scales. Basal scaling of proboscis white. Antenna with yellowish-brown scales dorsally. Thorax and abdomen yellow dorsally, dirty white ventrally. Legs creamy white, foreleg inner side dark yellowish.
Forewing yellow, scattered with brown scales, markings grey-brown; antemedian line from costal 1/4 sinuated to 1/3 posterior margin; proximal cellular stigma circular; distal cellular stigma kidney-shaped; postmedian line zigzaggy serrate, from costal 3/4, excurved around cell, and strongly inflexed below distal cellular stigma, then to 2/3 on posterior margin; postmedian area strongly dusted with grey and alternately formed grey and yellow streaks; vein ends on wing margin each with a small brown dot; fringe yellow, basal 1/4 grey. Hindwing pale yellow, a darker steak at anterior angle and a blackish dot at posterior angle of cell; postmedial line grey-brown, zigzaggy serrate, with anterior 1/4 most distinct; postmedian area similar to forewing, marginal line and fringe as forewing, paler at tornus area.
Male genitalia (Fig. 4). Uncus inverted T-shaped, with base expanded, apex bulbous and setose dorso-laterally. Pseudognathos slender and ribbon-like, semicircular produced medially. Triangular transtilla connected. Valva narrow and long, costa nearly straight, proximal half of costa twice as broad as distal half, ventral margin broadly sinuate basally, with a stout tip protruding proximal of the distal end of sacculus, nearly parallel to costa from middle to end; fibula claw-shaped, bent ventro-distally, with point apex. Saccus inflated, ventrally keeled. Juxta nearly circular, somewhat bifid ventrally, dorsal edge serrated. Phallus cylindrical, with a short coecum, with a thumb-shaped cornutus, posterior phallus with granulated vesica.
Female unknown.

Distribution. China (Tibet).
Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin curvata = curved, referring to the curved fibula.

Udea prunalis (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), new record to China
Pyralis prunalis Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775: 121.  orbicentralis-complex and U. albostriata sp. n. with greyish white ground colour of forewing variably dusted with dark brown, proximal cellular stigma, distal cellular stigma and postmedian area strongly and contrastingly dark browned, but can be distinguished from them in: cornuti composed of a row of linked short spines, a row of closely squeezed long spines and a single longer spine in male genitalia, the mid-folded ductus bursae with posterior half sclerotised and plate-shaped accessory signum in female genitalia. Distribution. China (Gansu, Heilongjiang, Ningxia, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang), Europe (except some Mediterranean Islands). Diagnosis. This species is similar to U. lutealis (Hübner), but can be distinguished by a wide, blade-shaped fibula with a minute, hook-like apex, by praephallus with cornuti a tight line of spines in male genitalia. U. elutalis with antrum narrower than colliculum in female genitalia but contrary in U. lutealis. Remarks. There is considerable variation in size of wingspan, ground colour and genitalia. The specimens from Hebei have whitish or whitish-grey forewing, with small wingspan size (18-22 mm). The specimens from Hebei and Xinjiang exhibit a slightly curved and shorter row of spines in the posterior phallus compared to material from Europe and Russia (Bolshakov, 2002;Slamka, 2013). In the female genitalia, the accessory signum varies from crescent-or stick-shaped over gradual reduction to complete absence.

Udea elutalis (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), new record to China
Distribution. China (Hebei, Xinjiang), Kazakhstan, West Europe, Central Europe, Romania, Balticstates, Finland, Russia (Siberia). Diagnosis. U. cyanalis is similar to U. prunalis, U. inquinatalis, U. orbicentralis-complex and U. albostriata sp. n. with similar ground colour and maculation as mentioned in diagnosis of U. prunalis, but can be distinguished from them by the semicircular produced process of pseudognathos with nipple-shaped end in male genitalia. In female genitalia, this species differs from U. prunalis, U. inquinatalis and U. grisealis Inoue, Yamanaka & Sasaki by ductus bursae approximately 1.8 times the length of the corpus bursae, the corpus bursae with narrowly crescent-shaped accessory signum, but lacking the lanceolate signum; differs from U. nebulatalis Inoue, Yamanaka & Sasaki by ductus bursae approximately 1.8 times the length of the corpus bursae and nearly round corpus bursae; differs from U. proximalis Inoue, Yamanaka & Sasaki and U. intermedia Inoue, Yamanaka & Sasaki by crescent-shaped accessory signum but lacking the lanceolate or pyriform signum; differs from U. orbicentralis and U. albostriata sp. n. by lacking the lanceolate signum. Diagnosis. U. albostriata is closely related to U. cyanalis, U. prunalis, U. inquinatalis, U. orbicentralis-complex with similar ground colour and maculation as mentioned in diagnosis of U. prunalis, but can be distinguished from U. cyanalis, U. nebulatalis, U. proximalis by corpus bursae with a lanceolate signum in female genitalia; differs from U. prunalis, U. inquinatalis, U. grisealis and U. intermedia by long ductus bursae about twice the length of the corpus bursae; differs from U. orbicentralis in: praephallus with a sclerotized, granulated area and a projecting ridge strongly denticulate, antrum much broader and shorter than in U. orbicentralis, and not bulged laterally.

Udea cyanalis (La Harpe, 1855), new record to China
Description. Wingspan 17-23 mm. Frons and vertex dark brown, dusted with light grey. Labial palpus slightly upturned obliquely, third segment porrect, dark brown, dusted with light grey, contrastingly white at base ventrally, length approximate three times the diameter of the eye. Maxillary palpus dark brown, dusted with light grey, with tip a brush of scales. Basal scaling of proboscis creamy white. Antenna with dark scales dorsally. Thorax dark greyish, dusted with light grey dorsally, greyishwhite ventrally. Abdomen grey to dark greyish dorsally, greyish-white ventrally. Legs greyish-white, with scattered few dark scales, sometimes mid-and hind-tibiae, tarsus dark brown, dusted with white outwardly.
Forewing ground colour greyish white, dusted with dark brown, proximal and distal cellular stigmata and postmedian area strongly and contrastingly dark browned; antemedian line from 1/5 of costa oblique outwards to posterior margin of cell, then sinuating to 1/3 of posterior margin; proximal cellular stigma transversely oval, dark brown, rimmed with blackish; distal cellular stigma nearly 8-shaped, coloured like proximal cellular stigma; postmedian line sinuate, from costal 4/5 slightly arched to 3/5 of CuA 2 , followed by a V-shaped curve, then to 2/3 of posterior margin, traced by a greyish-white line in postmedian area; marginal brown dots at vein ends on costa and termen; basal half of fringe pale grey, distal half dirty white. Hindwing grey, markings indistinct; a dark steak at anterior angle and a blackish dot at posterior angle of cell; postmedian line very indistinct, parallel with termen; fringe paler than in forewing.
Distribution. China (Hebei). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin albus = white, striatus = striate, referring to forewing postmedian line traced by a greyish-white line in the postmedian area.

Discussion
Udea is one of the most species-rich genera of Spilomelinae. Until now, 31 Udeaspecies are recorded from China, but our knowledge about this fauna is still poor. For example, some of the species are only known by their original descriptions, based on type-localities in China.
Biogeographically, the northern part of China belongs to the Palaearctic region and the southern part to the Oriental region. The border is given by the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River (Zheng and Zhang 1956). Accordingly, 15 of the Chinese Udea-species belong to the Palaearctic fauna, nine to the Oriental fauna and seven occur in both of these or even more regions. Most of the Oriental species occur in the mountains. Therefore, Udea could be called a group of temperate regions as well as of mountain regions at more southerly latitudes.
Remarkably, 15 of the Udea species recorded from China are so far only known from China. They are distributed in southwestern Yunnan and Sichuan, northwestern Qinghai, Tibet and Xinjiang as well as on Taiwan. Understanding this pattern will require further faunistic investigations throughout China, and a phylogeographic analysis including areas outside China.
of Mr Hiroshi Yamanaka (4-18 Eiraku-cho, Toyama, Japan) for literatures and helpful comments. This project was supported by a Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2015FY210300).