Geographic and taxonomic notes, addenda and corrigenda on the subtribe Bembidiina Stephens, 1827 of the 2017 ‘Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera’ (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Bembidiina)

Abstract Some corrections to the section of subtribe Bembidiina of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 1, together with geographic, systematic, and synonymic updates are reported and commented upon. The following five new synonymies are proposed (with junior synonym listed first): Bembidion (Peryphanes) dostali Kirschenhofer, 1984 = Bembidion (Peryphanes) sanatum Bates, 1883 syn. nov.; Bembidion (Terminophanes) pseudoconsumatum Kirschenhofer, 1984 = Bembidion (Terminophanes) sjoelanderi Jedlička, 1965 syn. nov.; Bembidion (Asioperyphus) sapporense Jedlička, 1951 = Bembidion (Politophanes) chloreum Bates, 1873 syn. nov.; Bembidion (Peryphus) torosiense Jedlička, 1961 = Bembidion (Peryphus) subcostatum vau Netolitzky, 1913 syn. nov.; Sinechostictus (Sinechostictus) multisulcatus cariniger Korge, 1971 = Sinechostictus (Sinechostictus) multisulcatus (Reitter, 1890) syn. nov. Furthermore we confirm the following synonimies: Asaphidion weiratheri Netolitzky, 1935 = Asaphidion ganglbaueri J.Müller, 1921; Sinechostictus (Sinechostictus) effluviorum (Peyron, 1858) = Sinechostictus (Sinechostictus) tarsicus (Peyron, 1858). The following nine new combinations are proposed: Bembidion (Euperyphus) dimidiatum Ménétriés, 1832 comb. nov.; Bembidion (Peryphus) psuchrum Andrewes, 1922 comb. nov.; Bembidion (Plataphus) pseudolucillum Netolitzky, 1938 comb. nov.; Bembidion (Politophanes) chloreum Bates, 1873 comb. nov.; Bembidion (Politophanes) gotoense Habu, 1973 comb. nov.; Bembidion (Politophanes) shunichii Habu, 1973 comb. nov.; Bembidion (Politophanes) umeyai Habu, 1959 comb. nov.; Bembidion (Politophanes) yoshidai Morita, 2009 comb. nov.; Bembidion (Terminophanes) sjoelanderi Jedlička, 1965 comb. nov. The species Bembidion psuchrum Andrewes, 1922 and Bembidion sanatum Bates, 1883 are here redescribed.


Introduction
After the publication of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera we correct some mistakes found in the section of the Catalogue regarding the Carabidae, Bembidiina (Marggi et al. 2017) as identified during our studies or following the suggestions of colleagues. In this contribution we provide and discuss these corrections and add some systematic and geographic updates.

Materials and methods
The systematic treatment of the Bembidiina and the geographic acronyms follow Löbl and Löbl (2017). The acronym YU includes the present Serbia (SB), Montenegro (ME), and Kosovo (KO). In the Current distribution sections, abbreviations are presented as they are in the catalogue. The abbreviations referring to new records are listed in bold. Body length was measured for card-mounted specimens from the front margin of the labrum to the apex of the elytra. The measurement of the aedeagus does not include the portion of endophallus protruding from the basal opening. Dissections were made using standard techniques. Genitalia and small parts were preserved in Euparal on acetate mounts fixed on the same pins as the specimens. The photographs of habitus were made by LT with Nikon DSFi1 and Nikon DS-L2 on a Leica Z6 microscope and those of the male genitalia by Gabriele Fiumi with a Nikon D300 on a Leitz Dialux 20 EB microscope. In the following text "the catalogue" refers to the section Bembidiina of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera by Marggi et al. (2017).
The examined material is preserved in the following collections:

Bembidion (incertae sedis) dimidiatum Mènètriès, 1832
Notes. Mènètriès (1832) describes Bembidion (Peryphus) dimidiatum from the banks of "Potkoumà" near "Pétigorsk" on "quelques individus". After the description, B. dimidiatum was retained as strictly related to B. oblongum Dejean, 1831 or B. ripicola Dufour, 1820 (currently all species belonging to the subgenus Euperyphus Jeannel, 1941). Netolitzky (1914a) synonymized B. dimidiatum with B. tricolor (Fabricius, 1801) (= B. varicolor (Fabricius, 1803); the synonymy derives from the fact that the author examined Caucasian specimens identified as B. dimidiatum actually belonging to B. (Bembidionetolitzkya) varicolor and was perhaps unaware that this last species also occurs in the Caucasus and shares the same particular pattern of color of the European varicolor. But later (1935) the author himself retained B. dimidiatum as closely related to oblongum, and in any case not similar to B. conforme Dejean, 1831or B. tricolor (both belonging to subgenus Bembidionetolitzkya Strand, 1929. Netolitzky (1943a: 112/84, note 83) reported that B. dimidiatum belongs to the "Gruppe des B. ripicola -oblongum" and retained it as close to B. testaceum parallelipenne Chaudoir, 1850; moreover, Netolitzky (1943b: 17/113, note 18) mentioned that, if they were synonyms, B. dimidiatum should have priority over B. parallelipenne; he did not formally state in any way this synonymy. Later, Kryzhanovskij et al. (1995) and Lorenz (1998) listed B. dimidiatum as a synonym of B. parallelipenne but expressed doubts. Marggi et al. (2003: 271) completely changed direction, moving dimidiatum to "incertae sedis", explaining the decision as follows: "Bembidion (Peryphus) parallelipenne ? syn. dimidiatum Ménétriés, 1832, resurrected as Bembidion (incertae sedis) dimidiatum Ménétriés, 1832. It is not a member of Actedium, as given in Lorenz, 1998" (Marggi et al. 2003. The same settlement is confirmed by Lorenz (2005) and Marggi et al. (2017). Unfortunately, the sentence of Marggi et al. (2003) above and in particular the reference to Actedium probably caused the moving of B. dimidiatum to "incertae sedis", and are unclear; we verified that in Lorenz (1998) neither B. parallelipenne, nor B. dimidiatum are reported as belonging to the subgenus Actedium. From the literature we ascertained that B. dimidiatum certainly belongs to the subgenus Euperyphus (as currently intended, see above); there still remains uncertainty regarding its precise position, with three (B. parallelipenne parallelipenne, B. parallelipenne exisonum Lutshnik, 1938, B. parallelipenne pseudoripicola Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1963 taxa currently assigned to the same group. In our opinion it seems unlikely that all the three Caucasian forms could be valid, and it would be necessary to verify them; in any case we suppose that the subspecies more similar to B. dimidiatum, mainly due to the elytral coloration, could be B. pseudoripicola; in case of possible synonymies the problem of priority already reported by Netolitzky (1943b: 17/113, note 18) mentioned above should be considered. However B. dimidiatum must be included in the subgenus Euperyphus as currently intended.

Bembidion (Omotaphus) mixtum Schaum, 1863
In the revision of the subgenus Omotaphus Netolitzky, 1914Bonavita et al. (2016 stated that both B. madagascariense Chaudoir, 1876 and B. picturatum Fairmaire, 1898 were valid species and not synonyms of B. mixtum Schaum, 1863. They also stated that B. stricticolle Jeannel, 1955 was a synonym of B. madagascariense, and that B. tumidum Gemminger & Harold, 1868 and B. variegatum Boheman, 1848 were synonyms of B. mellissi Wollaston, 1869; all of these African species were formerly listed as synonyms of B. mixtum and therefore they must be removed from the list of synonyms of B. mixtum.

Bembidion (Pekinium) chinense Csiki, 1928
Bembidion (Pekinium) chinense Csiki, 1928, type species of the monospecific Bembidion subgenus Pekinium Csiki, 1901, was declared "species inquirenda" by Toledano and Sciaky (1998); this species must be transferred to the group of species "incertae sedis". Všetečka, 1941 Bembidion (Peryphus) dalmatinum levantinum Všetečka, 1941, was described from Syria (Damascus), Lebanon (Chtaura, Hamana) and Palestine (Haifa, today Israel); the description is in the keys for the identification of the subspecies of B. dalmatinum Dejean, 1831 (Všetečka 1941); the diagnostic character mentioned for levantinum is the color of the femora, completely reddish yellow. Netolitzky (1943b) includes Cyprus in the distribution of B. levantinum after examination of specimens of the Splichal-Spiller collection. Jeanne (1986) mentioned B. levantinum, assigned to the subgenus Peryphanes, from several localities in Cyprus. Austin et al. (2008) also mentioned the species for Cyprus. Marggi et al. (2017) mentioned B. dalmatinum levantinum for Lebanon, Israel, and Cyprus. We received from NHMW the specimens from Cyprus of the Splichal-Spiller collection seen by Netolitzky and we ascertained that the femora actually are blackish at base or on the lower side. We could also examine some specimens from Cyprus (SMTD, MHB, PN, SDEI) and all of them except for a few immature specimens have femora more or less darkened at the base or on the lower side.

Bembidion (Peryphanes) dalmatinum dalmatinum Dejean, 1831 and Bembidion (Peryphanes) dalmatinum levantinum
Since the difference between B. dalmatinum levantinum and B. dalmatinum dalmatinum is only in the darkening of the base of the femora, we suppose that only the nominotypical form is present in Cyprus: therefore Cyprus must be removed from the distribution of the subspecies, while Syria must be added, according to the original description. Current distribution of B. levantinum: A: IS, LE, SY. On the other hand Cyprus must be added to the distribution of B. dalmatinum dalmatinum.
After having carefully analyzed the literature regarding these taxa (e.g., Ménétriés 1832;Faldermann 1836;Schaum 1861;Netolitzky 1910Netolitzky , 1914bKryzhanovskij et al. 1995;Belousov and Sokolov 1996), we confirm that B. lucidum Faldermann is a synonym of B. fraxator Ménétriés and not of B. dimidiatum Ménétriés, which, moreover, belongs to another subgenus (see above). The type specimen of B. sanatum is rather well preserved, except for the broken antennae (the left one complete but divided in three portions, the right one missing three antennomeres in the middle) and legs (the right median leg and the hind right leg with detached tarsi). All the broken parts are glued on the label.

Bembidion (Peryphanes) sanatum
The specimen from NHMW, identified as sanatum by Netolitzky and also used by Kirschenhofer (1984) in the description of Bembidion (Peryphus) dostali (at present assigned to the subgenus Peryphanes Jeannel, 1941), as an example of the closest species, is in very bad condition: completely immature, missing almost all the appendages of the head and a part of the legs; the pronotum is evidently flattened, the elytra are open and the specimen is so immature that a dissection of the male genitalia (Kirschenhofer, 1984 mistakenly mentions this specimen as a ♀) is not recommended. The general habitus and the comparison with the type confirmed the determination of Netolitzky.
Four of the paratypes of B. dostali from NHMW are immature. The only mature male, originally glued to the label on the dorsal side, has been dissected by us and mounted again in order to leave the dorsal side visible; the specimen lacks the three left legs.
We also examined photographs of the holotype of Bembidion (Peryphus) dostali Kirschenhofer, 1984  Type locality. Niohozan [Giappone], "in June (…) near the snow" (Bates 1883). Redescription of the holotype ♂ (Fig. 1). Total body length 5.60 mm. Coloration: head and pronotum dark brown; elytra brownish olive. Legs and palps orange. Antennae orange, slightly darkened from fifth antennomere. Head: maximum width, including eyes, 1.02 mm; interocular distance 0.63 mm; frons, clypeus, and neck smooth; evident frontal furrows ending posteriorly between the first and the second supraorbital seta. Eyes weakly protruding, temples oblique towards the neck. Antennae long 3.02 mm. Pronotum: length along the midline 1.06 mm; width of anterior margin 0.91 mm, maximum width 1.31 mm, width of base 0.98 mm; pronotal width/pronotal length ratio 1.23; convex, more evidently near the anterior angles; sides entirely rebordered, narrowing with evident sinuate shape before the base, with which they form a slightly acute corner; lateral gutter narrow, of homogeneous width; complete surface glossy; laterobasal carina very long and evident; median line sharp, transverse anterior semilunar impression more evident; basal transverse impression punctured between the deep basal foveae. Elytra: length 3.55 mm, maximum overall width, at middle of elytra, 2.25 mm; oval, shoulders slightly rounded; humeral margin reaching stria 5; full microsculpture, so fine and irregularly transverse that it looks like shagreening. Striae with punctures clearly visible almost to apex, even though less impressed at apex.
Male genitalia. Aedeagus (Fig. 5) of medium-large size (1.55 mm), ventral margin with a very faint gibbosity and apex only slightly bent ventrally; central brush completely protruding from basal opening; paracopulatrix lamina and main sclerite extending towards the apex, paracopulatrix lamina narrowing anteriorly; parameres of same length (terminology according to Neri and Vigna Taglianti 2010).
Conclusions. The examination of the holotype of B. sanatum, currently listed as Bembidion "incertae sedis" in Marggi et al. (2017), shows that the species must be assigned to the subgenus Peryphanes Jeannel, 1941, as correctly stated by Sundukov and Makarov (2016), unfortunately unavailable to us before the publication of the catalogue in 2017. The examination of the material of B. dostali (Fig. 6) instead revealed that the taxon, formerly considered closely related to B. sanatum, is conspecific. The differences between the pronota, mentioned and drawn by Kirschenhofer (1984: 91), are due to the comparison with a completely immature specimen of B. sanatum (examined by us, see above); furthermore the examined paratypes of B. dostali show a pronotum with characters that are slightly variable. The aedeagi are very similar to one another (Figs 5,6). According to these observations we can state that Bembidion (Peryphanes) dostali Kirschenhofer, 1984 = Bembidion (Peryphanes) sanatum Bates, 1883 syn. nov. We added the following label to the examined specimens: Bembidion (Peryphanes) sanatum Bates -det. Neri and Toledano 2020.
Bembidion sanatum, a Japanese species, is distinguished from the related species of Japan and China by the following characters: from B. hykosanum (Habu & Ueno, 1955) (JA) and B. parepum Jedlicka, 1933 (SCH) by the completely microsculptured or shagreened elytra, from B. hayachinense (Nakane, 1979) (JA) by the first three antennomeres light and the pronotum not microsculptured, and from B. lulinense Habu, 1973 (TAI) by the structure of the endophallus (Fig. 7).

Bembidion (Peryphus) charon Andrewes, 1926
In the catalogue the species is reported from Japan, but we think that it is likely to be a mistake, as we are unaware of any reports of the species from this area: therefore Japan must be removed from the distribution of the species. Current distribution: A: NP, UP.

Bembidion (Peryphus) cordicolle du Val, 1852
The mention for Bulgaria provided by Hieke and Wrase (1988) was omitted in the catalogue. Current distribution: E: BU, GR; A: TR.

Bembidion (Peryphus) ehikoense Habu, 1984
The species, described from Japan and originally assigned to the subgenus Peryphus Dejean, 1821, was subsequently listed as "incertae sedis" (e.g., Marggi et al. 2003;Lorenz 2005;Marggi et al. 2017). The study of the original description and of the aedeagus confirm that the author correctly assigned the species to Peryphus.

Bembidion (Peryphus) kuhitangi Mikhailov & Belousov, 1991
We noticed that the species name in the catalogue is reported on page 339 with the incorrect spelling "kughitangi" (sic!) and must be replaced with "kuhitangi"; furthermore, the species has been transferred from "incertae sedis" to the subgenus Peryphus Dejean, 1821 by Neri and Toledano (2017).
Note. The holotype is in perfect condition and the slide with the aedeagus, on a label mounted on the same pin as the specimen, is clear and well preserved.
Redescription of the holotype. Total body length 3.90 mm. Coloration: head, pronotum and elytra black, metallic. Palps dark brown with last palpomere light. Legs with femora black metallic and apex slightly lighter, tibiae reddish and tarsi reddish with blackish metallic reflections. Antennae reddish black with metallic reflections. Head: maximum width, including eyes, 0.82 mm; interocular distance 0.55 mm; frons and clypeus smooth with a few transverse lines, neck microsculptured at base; evident, smooth, deep frontal furrows, ending behind at the second supraorbital seta. Eyes moderately convex, temples slightly convex and oblique towards neck. Antennae long 2.05 mm. Pronotum: length along mid line 0.84 mm; width of anterior margin 0.77 mm, maximum width 0.93 mm, width of base 0.61 mm; pronotal width/ pronotal length ratio 1.11; very convex, barely transverse; sides entirely rebordered, narrowing with an evident sinuous curve towards the base with which they form a slightly acute corner; marginal gutter very narrow, of homogeneous width; whole surface glossy, laterobasal carina not very evident; median line evident, slightly widened at base; transverse anterior semilunar impression with a few punctures; basal transverse impression punctured between the subquadrate, not deep, basal foveae. Elytra: length 2.37 mm, maximum overall elytral width, slightly beyond the middle, 1.59 mm; oval, moderately convex, evident and rounded shoulders; humeral margin reaching stria 5; totally glossy, faint trace of microsculpture only at the extreme apex. Striae with evident punctation, mainly on disc, barely visible at apex; the very faint punctation is visible also at apex. Evident apical stria.
Conclusion. The study of the holotype of the species, currently listed as Bembidion "incertae sedis" (Marggi et al. 2017), suggests that the species could be assigned to the subgenus Peryphus Dejean, 1821.

Bembidion (Peryphus) subcostatum vau Netolitzky, 1913
Bembidion ( Notes. In Marggi et al. (2017) the species is listed with the Bembidion, species "incertae sedis". The comparison of the holotype with specimens of B. subcostatum vau Netolitzky, 1913 from the same locality, Eregly, Turkey (PN, CTVR) confirmed the synonymy noticed by Bonavita but never published. We wish to thank our colleague Paolo Bonavita for reporting this synonymy and allowing us to publish it here.
Conclusions. The examination of the holotype and of the aedeagus (Fig. 9) shows that the species belongs to subgenus Plataphus Motschulsky, 1864. The doubts regarding the systematic position of the species are due to its pronotal convexity, more evident than in other species of the subgenus. We added to all the non-type specimens the following label: Bembidion (Plataphus) pseudolucillum Net. -det. Neri and Toledano 2020. The species length varies from 3.6 to 4.7 mm, the aedeagus from 0.75 to 0.84 mm.

Notes. The subgenus Politophanes
Bembidion sapporense Jedlička, 1951, currently assigned to the subgenus Asioperyphus Vysoký, 1986, was described from a single male specimen: we examined the holotype (NMPC) and, based on the aedeagal characters (long main sclerite, coiled in a ring at middle) we assign it to the subgenus Politophanes. The labels of the specimen (Fig. 4) show that our colleague Seiji Morita (Tokyo), a specialist in Japanese Carabidae, particularly in the Bembidiina, identified the specimen as Bembidion chloreum Bates in 1991. Later he confirmed this identification and authorized us to state it formally here (Morita, pers. comm.): we are very grateful for that. Therefore we state the following synonymy: Bembidion (Asioperyphus) sapporense Jedlička, 1951 = Bembidion (Politophanes)  Bembidion (Peryphus) gotoense Habu, 1973 Notes. Habu (1973a) described Bembidion (Peryphus) gotoense from Kyushu, Japan, and in a note reported the closeness of the species to B. (P.) amurense trajectum Netolitzky, 1939 (currently assigned to the subgenus Politophanes Müller-Motzfeld, 1998); B. gotoense must therefore also be transferred to Politophanes.

Bembidion (Trepanedoris) doris Panzer, 1797
The year of description in Marggi et al. (2017) was mistakenly stated as 1796 and should be corrected to 1797.

Ocys tachysoides Antoine, 1933
In Marggi et al. (2017: 340) the abbreviation GB was typed twice and one should be deleted.

Sinechostictus (Sinechostictus) cribrum cribrum (du Val, 1851)
The year of description in Marggi et al. (2017) 1949), synonyms of S. dahlii, were listed in the same font size as the valid species, instead of the font of the synonyms. The mistake is also recognizable by their order of appearance in the catalogue, in which the species are listed in alphabetical order: S. laevigaster and S. nordafricanus are listed after S. dahlii, but they are followed by S. decoratus Duftschmid 1812. After laevigaster and nordafricanus is mistakenly reported the geographic distribution, which is not reported after the synonyms in the rest of the volume: probably this misleaded the typographers.
Both taxa should be considered synonyms of S. dahlii, as stated by Ortuño and Toribio (2005). Moreover, Algeria must be added to the distribution pattern of the species, as reported by De Monte (1949). Current distribution: E: FR, IT, SP; N: AG, LB, MO, TU.

Notes.
In the revision of the Caucasian species of ruficorne -stomoides group, after downgrading S. lubricus Lutsnik, 1938 andS. cariniger Korge, 1971 to subspecies of S. multisulcatus Reitter, 1890, Fassati (1992 defined the distribution of the subspecies (S. multisulcatus multisulcatus from high altitudes in Central Caucasus; S. cariniger from NE Turkey and Georgia; S. lubricus from the Western Caucasus, Lesser Caucasus, and Georgia). He also described some diagnostic exoskeletal characters, but in the text frequently repeated the words "in general" and "often", so that we suppose that, in his opinion, overlapping of characters are frequent in the subspecies. Kryzhanovskij et al. (1995) list the three subspecies from the Caucasus, but a note by Belousov (Kryzhanovskij et al. 1995: 90, note no. 188) says: "… since the infraspecific structure of multisulcatum Rtt. remains obscure". Later S. lubricus was considered by all authors as a synonym of S. multisulcatus (Lorenz 1998(Lorenz , 2005Marggi et al. 2003), while S. cariniger, formerly listed as synonym of S. multisulcatus in Lorenz (1998), was later considered a valid subspecies (Marggi et al. 2003;Marggi et al. 2017).