Maps of the field sites A country boundaries of South America with the Amazon Basin indicated by the heavier outline B Ecuador with the locations of TBS as a red circle and the boundaries of Yasuní National Park shaded C a DEM of the study area. The 24 sampling sites are indicated, with blue squares representing FP forest sites and green circles for TF forest. Latitude and longitude (in DD) shown along x and y axes. Maps generated through R packages: ‘raster’ (Hijmans 2015), ‘sp’ (Pebesma and Bivand 2005; Bivand et al. 2013), ‘GISTools’ (Brunsdon and Chen 2014), and ‘maps’ (Becker et al. 2015).