Cephalopharyngeal skeleton. a Ceratitis fasciventris b Ceratitis anonae c Ceratitis rosa R1, Kenya d Ceratitis rosa R2, Kenya e Ceratitis rosa R1, S. Africa, Nelspruit f Ceratitis rosa R2, S. Africa, Pretoria g Ceratitis rosa R2, S. Africa, Stellenbosch h Ceratitis capitata, Hawaii. Scale bars 0.20 mm (a–h). Abbreviations: a mandible tip to posterior prominence, b mandible tip to dorsal prominence, c mandible tip to ventral prominence, cps total length, da dorsal arch, dc dorsal cornu, h mandible height, n mandible tip to notch, vc ventral cornu.