Body compact, round oval or elongate oval, slightly convex, dorsum densely pubescent. Head small, frons finely punctate. Eyes finely faceted. Antennae composed of 11 antennomeres. Antennal club compact, composed of 3 antennomeres. Clypeus transverse with anterior margin straight. Labrum transverse, entirely exposed. Mandible bifid apically. Pronotum moderately convex. Prosternum T-shaped. Prosternal process bearing distinct lateral carinae, convergent and extending to anterior margin. Abdomen with six ventrites. Abdominal postcoxal lines recurved and complete laterally. Tarsi with 4 tarsomeres; claws bifid, each with sharp basal tooth. Male genitalia with penis guide symmetrical. Penis stout with an irregular basal capsule, usually highly sclerotized. Female genitalia with sub-horizontal coxites, infundibulum elongate, spermatheca worm-shaped.

Orthoscymnus shares many characters with subgenus Pullus Mulsant, such as antennae composed of 11 antennomeres and the complete abdominal postcoxal lines, but can be distinguished from the latter by the female genitalia with sub-horizontal coxites (see Canepari 1997). In the subgenus Pullus, coxites are elongate, triangular.

This species can be easily separated from other members of the subgenus Orthoscymnus by having entirely reddish brown body. It is also similar to Scymnus (Pullus) martensi Canepari in general appearance and particularly in the shape of abdominal postcoxal lines, but can be distinguished from it by the much smaller body and the swollen apex of penis bearing short thread-like appendage (Fig. 1f).

TL: 1.49–1.59 mm, TW: 1.09–1.19 mm, TH: 0.69–0.80 mm, TL/TW: 1.25–1.46, PL/PW: 0.56–0.64, EL/EW: 1.03–1.17, HW/PW: 0.54–0.59, PW/EW: 0.66–0.74.

Body rounded oval, moderately convex, entirely reddish brown, dorsum covered with white pubescence (Figs 1a–c).

Head with fine frontal punctures, slightly larger than eye facets, 1.0–2.0 diameters apart. Eyes densely faceted, interocular distance 0.45 times head width. Pronotal punctures as large as those on frons, 1.0–2.0 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with punctures larger than those on pronotum, separated by 2.0–3.0 diameters. Prosternal process trapezoidal, 2 times as long as its width at base; with lateral carinae extending to anterior margin of prosternum, distinctly convergent anteriorly. Abdominal postcoxal lines reaching 3/4 length of abdominal ventrite 1 (Fig. 1d), area enclosed by lines coarsely punctate, narrowly smooth along line. Abdominal ventrite 5 with apex truncate in male.

Male genitalia. Penis stout; penis capsule with small and curved inner arm, outer arm large bearing horn-shaped appendage (Fig. 1e); apex of penis distinctly swollen, bearing short thread-like appendage (Fig. 1f). Tegmen stout (Fig. 1g–h) with penis guide widest at base, gradually tapering to blunt apex in ventral view (Fig. 1g). Parameres longer than penis guide, densely covered with long setae at apices and inner sides (Fig. 1h).

Female externally similar to male but with abdominal ventrite 5 rounded apically.

Holotype: male, “Nepal, Khandbari Distr., forest above Ahale, (27°27.62'N, 87°11.49'E), 2300m, 26. III. 82, leg. Smetana” (MNHG).

Nepal: Koshi: 1♂, on the way from Dharan to Dhankuta, 26°52.94'N, 87°19.74'E, 400-700 m, 20. X. 2011, Chen XS leg.

Nepal (Koshi).

This species can be separated from other species within the subgenus Orthoscymnus by having a large X-shaped yellow macula on elytra, extending from basal fourth to elytral apex (Fig. 2a). It is also similar to Scymnus (Pullus) testacecollis Kapur in male genitalia, but can be distinguished from it by having slender parameres slightly shorter than penis guide in lateral view (Fig. 2h). In S. (P.) testacecollis, the elytra is black with apical 1/4 testaceous; the parameres are narrow at base and expanding gradually toward apex, nearly as long as penis guide in lateral view (see Kapur 1963).

TL: 1.96–2.06mm, TW: 1.15–1.25mm, TH: 0.81–0.82mm, TL/TW: 1.65–1.70, PL/PW: 0.53–0.55, EL/EW: 1.27–1.34, HW/PW: 0.59–0.61, PW/EW: 0.74–0.76.

Body elongate oval, slightly convex, dorsum covered with white pubescence (Fig. 2a–c). Head, antennae and mouthparts yellowish brown. Pronotum yellow. Scutellum black. Elytra black with large X-shaped, yellow macula at middle, extending to its apex (Fig. 4a). Prothoracic hypomeron yellow. Prosternum brown to black. Mesoventrite and metaventrite black. Elytral epipleuron brown with inner and outer margins black. Legs yellowish brown.

Head with fine frontal punctures, as large as eye facets, 1.0–2.0 diameters apart. Eyes densely faceted, interocular distance 0.51 times head width. Pronotal punctures similar to those on frons, 1.0–1.5 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with punctures much coarser than those on pronotum, separated by 1.0–2.0 diameters. Prosternal process rectangular, 3.5 times as long as its width at base; with lateral carinae parallel, extending to anterior margin of prosternum. Abdominal postcoxal lines reaching 2/3 length of abdominal ventrite 1 (Fig. 2d), area enclosed by lines coarsely punctate, narrowly smooth along line. Abdominal ventrite 5 in male with apical margin shallowly emarginate and ventrite 6 strongly emarginate medially.

Male genitalia. Penis stout and long (Fig. 2e); penis capsule highly sclerotized with short inner arm and large outer arm; apex of penis with membranous appendage (Fig. 2f). Tegmen extremely stout (Figs 2g–h) with penis guide parallel-sided from base to apical 3/4 length, then tapering gradually to pointed apex in ventral view (Fig. 2g), flattened and nearly straight in lateral view (Fig. 2h). Parameres narrow, slightly shorter than penis guide, densely covered with long setae at apices (Fig. 2h).

Female externally similar to male but with apex of abdominal ventrite 5 truncate and ventrite 6 rounded apically.

Holotype: male, No. SCAU (E) 13196, China: Tibet: Jilong Town, Jilong County, 28°23.00'N, 85°19.60'E, ca 2900 m, 29. X. 2011, Huo LZ leg. Paratypes (17): 2♂13♀ with same data as holotype. 2♂, Zhangmu Port, Nielamu, Rikaze, 27°58.47'N, 85°58.15'E, ca 3000 m, 28. IX. 2009, Chen XS leg. (SCAU)

The species name is derived from the type locality, Jilong Town, Tibet.

This species can be easily recognized by its elongate and compressed body and the peculiar characters on male genitalia, particularly the extremely broad, spade-shaped penis guide in ventral view (Fig. 3g).

TL: 1.64–1.96 mm, TW: 0.97–1.09 mm, TH: 0.70–0.77 mm, TL/TW: 1.69–1.79, PL/PW: 0.55–0.56, EL/EW: 1.29–1.37, HW/PW: 0.59–0.61, PW/EW: 0.74–0.79.

Body elongate oval, slightly convex, dorsum covered with white pubescence (Figs 3a–c). Head, antennae and mouthparts yellowish brown. Pronotum yellow. Scutellum black. Elytra black with apical margin narrowly brown. Prothoracic hypomeron and prosternum yellow. Mesoventrite, metaventrite and elytral epipleura black. Legs yellowish brown.

Head with fine frontal punctures, as large as eye facets, 0.5–1.0 diameter apart. Eyes densely faceted, interocular distance 0.47 times head width. Pronotal punctures larger than those on frons, 1.0–2.0 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with punctures much larger than those on pronotum, separated by 2.0–3.0 diameters. Prosternal process rectangular, 5 times as long as its width at base; with lateral carinae parallel, extending to anterior margin of prosternum. Abdominal postcoxal lines reaching 4/5 length of abdominal ventrite 1 (Fig. 3d), area enclosed by lines finely punctate, broadly smooth along line. Abdominal ventrites 5 and 6 in male strongly emarginate apically.

Male genitalia. Penis slender (Fig. 3e); penis capsule highly sclerotized with short inner arm and large outer arm; apex of penis with membranous appendage (Fig. 3f). Tegmen extremely stout (Fig. 3g–h) with penis guide broad, spade-shaped in ventral view (Fig. 3g). Parameres very narrow in lateral view, slightly longer than penis guide, sparsely covered with long setae at apices and inner sides (Fig. 3h).

Female externally similar to male but with black pronotum, abdominal ventrite 5 truncate and ventrite 6 rounded apically.

Holotype: male, No. SCAU (E) 13193, China: Tibet: Zhangmu Town, Nielamu County, 27°58.47'N, 85°58.15'E, ca 2200 m, 31. X. 2011, Chen XS leg. Paratypes (5): 5♀ with same data as holotype. (SCAU)

China (Tibet).

The species name is an adjective derived from Latin (‘paradoxus’ = strange), referring to its peculiar shape of penis guide.

This species is similar to Scymnus (Orthoscymnus) crispatus sp. n. in general appearance and male genitalia, but can be separated from it by having swollen apex of penis (Fig. 4f), extremely broad penis guide in ventral view (Fig. 4g) and the parameres distinctly constricted at base, then expanding toward apex in ventral view (Fig. 4h).

TL: 1.60–1.67 mm, TW: 1.05–1.08 mm, TH: 0.75–0.78 mm, TL/TW: 1.52–1.55, PL/PW: 0.49–0.53, EL/EW: 1.15–1.17, HW/PW: 0.61–0.62, PW/EW: 0.73–0.75.

Body elongate oval, moderately convex, dorsum covered with white pubescence (Figs 4a–c). Head, antennae and mouthparts yellowish brown. Pronotum brown, sometimes with black marking at base. Scutellum black. Elytra black with apical margin narrowly brown. Prothoracic hypomeron and prosternum yellowish brown. Mesoventrite, metaventrite and elytral epipleura black. Legs yellowish brown.

Head with fine frontal punctures, as large as eye facets, 1.0–2.0 diameters apart. Eyes densely faceted, interocular distance 0.42 times head width. Pronotal punctures larger than those on frons, 1.0–2.0 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with punctures much coarser than those on pronotum, separated by 2.0–3.0 diameters. Prosternal process trapezoidal, 2 times as long as its width at base; with lateral carinae extending to anterior margin of prosternum, distinctly convergent anteriorly. Abdominal postcoxal lines extending nearly to posterior margin of abdominal ventrite 1 (Fig. 4d), area enclosed by lines finely punctate, broadly smooth along line. Abdominal ventrites 5 and 6 in male strongly emarginate apically.

Male genitalia. Penis stout (Fig. 4e); penis capsule highly sclerotized with tiny inner arm and large outer arm; apex of penis distinctly swollen with membranous appendage at apical 1/5 length (Fig. 4f). Tegmen stout (Figs 4g–h) with penis guide wide, with sides subparallel from base to its apical 3/4 length, then tapering gradually to pointed apex in ventral view (Fig. 4g), and its apex slightly curved outwardly in lateral view (Fig. 4h). Parameres constricted at base with expanded apex, distinctly shorter than penis guide, sparsely covered with long setae at apices (Fig. 4h).

Female unknown.

Holotype: male, “Nepal, Sankhua Sabha Distr., above Pahakhola, (27°39.40'N, 87°16.12'E), Quercus semecarpifolia-Rhododendron, 2600–2800 m, 3. VI. 1988, leg Martens & Schawaller” (SMNS).

China: Tibet: 2♂, Xiayadong Village, Yadong County, 28°29.29'N, 97°1.36'E, ca 2800 m, 1. X. 2009, Chen XS leg. 5♂, Xiayadong Village, Yadong County, 28°29.29'N, 97°1.36'E, ca 2800 m, 29–30. IX. 2009, Chen XS leg.

China (Tibet) new distribution; Nepal.

This species is similar to Scymnus (Orthoscymnus) rhododendri in male genitalia, but can be distinguished from it by the elongate oval parameres (Fig. 5h) and the narrow, sub-triangular penis guide in ventral view (Fig. 5g).

TL: 1.59–1.65 mm, TW: 0.90–1.01 mm, TH: 0.68–0.76 mm, TL/TW: 1.59–1.63, PL/PW: 0.53–0.55, EL/EW: 1.27–1.32, HW/PW: 0.59–0.63, PW/EW: 0.73–0.74.

Body elongate oval, moderately convex, dorsum covered with white pubescence (Fig. 5a–c). Head yellow. Antennae and mouthparts yellowish brown. Pronotum yellow. Scutellum black. Elytra black with apical margin narrowly brown. Prothoracic hypomeron yellow. Prosternum brown. Mesoventrite, metaventrite and elytral epipleura black. Legs yellowish brown.

Head with fine frontal punctures, as large as eye facets, 0.5–1.0 diameter apart. Eyes densely faceted, interocular distance 0.43 times head width. Pronotal punctures slightly larger than those on frons, 1.0–2.0 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with punctures much larger than those on pronotum, separated by 2.0–3.0 diameters. Prosternal process trapezoidal, 4 times as long as its width at base; with lateral carinae extending to anterior margin of prosternum, distinctly convergent anteriorly. Abdominal postcoxal lines extending nearly to posterior margin of abdominal ventrite 1 (Fig. 5d), area enclosed by lines finely punctate, broadly smooth along line. Abdominal ventrite 5 strongly emarginate and ventrite 6 weakly emarginate apically in male.

Male genitalia. Penis stout (Fig. 5e); penis capsule highly sclerotized with tiny inner arm and large outer arm; apex of penis with membranous appendage (Fig. 5f). Tegmen stout (Fig. 5g–h) with penis guide slightly constricted at base, widest at basal 1/4 length, then tapering gradually to pointed apex in ventral view (Fig. 5g) and its apex curved outwardly in lateral view (Fig. 5h). Parameres elongate oval, shorter than penis guide, sparsely setose at apices (Fig. 5h).

Female externally similar to male but with abdominal ventrites 5 and 6 truncate apically. In some specimens, pronotum and elytra are entirely reddish brown.

Holotype: male, No. SCAU (E) 13195, China: Tibet: Jilong Town, Jilong County, 28°23.00'N, 85°19.60'E, ca 2900 m, 29. X. 2011, Li WJ leg. Paratypes (71): 15♂55♀ with same data as holotype. 1♂, Lebu Village, Cuona County, 27°48.63'N, 91°44.98'E, ca 2400 m, 24. X. 2011, Huo LZ leg. (SCAU)

China (Tibet).

The species name is an adjective derived from Latin (‘crispatus’ = crispate), referring to its parameres with crispate surface in ventral view.

This species is most similar to Scymnus (Orthoscymnus) duomaculatus sp. n. in having black pronotum but can be easily separated from it by the black elytra (Fig. 6a) and parameres tapering toward apex, distinctly shorter than penis guide in lateral view (Fig. 6h).

TL: 1.69–1.76mm, TW: 1.10–1.21mm, TH: 0.76–0.83mm, TL/TW: 1.45–1.54, PL/PW: 0.47–0.52, EL/EW: 1.24–1.26, HW/PW: 0.56–0.57, PW/EW: 0.73–0.75.

Body elongate oval, moderately convex, dorsum covered with white pubescence (Figs 6a–c). Head, antennae and mouthparts dark brown. Pronotum black with anterior angles dark brown. Scutellum black. Elytra black with apical margin narrowly reddish brown. Prothoracic hypomeron dark brown. Prosternum, mesoventrite, metaventrite and elytral epipleura black. Legs yellowish brown.

Head with dense frontal punctures, slightly smaller than eye facets, 0.5–1.0 diameter apart. Eyes densely faceted, interocular distance 0.50 times head width. Pronotal punctures as large as those on frons, 1.0–1.5 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with punctures much larger than those on pronotum, separated by 1.0–2.0 diameters. Prosternal process trapezoidal, 2 times as long as its width at base; with lateral carinae extending to anterior margin of prosternum, slightly convergent anteriorly. Abdominal postcoxal lines reaching 3/4 length of abdominal ventrite 1 (Fig. 6d), area enclosed by lines finely punctate, broadly smooth along line. Abdominal ventrites 5 and 6 in male strongly emarginate apically.

Male genitalia. Penis robust and short, unevenly curved (Fig. 6e); penis capsule sclerotized with both arms well developed; apex of penis simple (Fig. 6f). Tegmen stout with tegminal strut black, highly sclerotized (Fig. 6g–h). Penis guide slightly constricted at base, parallel-sided at middle part, then tapering gradually to blunt apex in ventral view (Fig. 6g). Parameres stout, tapering toward apex, distinctly shorter than penis guide, densely covered with long setae at apices and inner sides (Fig. 6h).

Female unknown.

Holotype: male, “Wenfeng Temple, Lijiang, Yunnan, (26°48.64'N, 100°12.15'E), 20. IV. 1997, Yao DF et al. leg (handwritten) / Scymnus (Pullus) robustibasalis Yu, sp. n. (printed, red label)” (BAAF). Paratype: 1♂, “Wenfeng Temple, Wenbishan, Lijiang, Yunnan, (26°48.64'N, 100°12.15'E), 20. IV. 1997, Yao DF et al. leg (handwritten) / 970512-2 (handwritten) / Paratype (printed, yellow label), Scymnus (Pullus) robustibasalis Yu, sp. n. (printed)” (BAAF).

Sichuan: 1♂, Laba River National Nature Reserve, Tianquan, 30°0.58'N, 102°27.59'E, ca 1100 m, 4. X. 2007, Chen XS leg. Yunnan: 1♂, Hutiaoxia, Lijiang, 27°10.97'N, 100°3.16'E, ca 1100 m, 3. IX. 2005, Qin ZQ leg.

China (Sichuan, Yunnan).

This species closely resembles Scymnus (Orthoscymnus) robustibasalis in having black pronotum but can be distinguished from it by the black elytra with two brown spots (Fig. 7a) and parameres expanding toward their rounded apices, slightly longer than penis guide in lateral view (Fig. 7h). It is also similar to Scymnus (Pullus) rufomaculatus Canepari, 2012 in dorsal colour pattern, but can be separated from it by the stout penis guide in lateral view (Fig. 7h) and the different shape of penis capsule (Fig. 7e).

TL: 1.62–1.83 mm, TW: 1.12–1.24 mm, TH: 0.71–0.81 mm, TL/TW: 1.44–1.47, PL/PW: 0.51–0.53, EL/EW: 1.24–1.25, HW/PW: 0.57–0.60, PW/EW: 0.71–0.74.

Body oval, moderately convex, dorsum covered with white pubescence (Fig. 7a–c). Head black. Antennae and mouthparts dark brown. Pronotum and scutellum black. Elytra black with two kidney-shaped brown spots near suture. Underside entirely black. Legs dark brown.

Head with fine frontal punctures, as large as eye facets, 0.5–1.0 diameter apart. Eyes densely faceted, interocular distance 0.5 times head width. Pronotal punctures larger than those on frons, 1.0–2.0 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with punctures larger than those on pronotum, separated by 1.0–2.0 diameters. Prosternal process trapezoidal, 2 times as long as its width at base; with lateral carinae extending to anterior margin of prosternum, distinctly convergent anteriorly. Abdominal postcoxal lines extending nearly to posterior margins of abdominal ventrite 1 (Fig. 7d), area enclosed by lines finely punctate, broadly smooth along line. Abdominal ventrite 5 truncate and ventrite 6 strongly emarginated apically in male.

Male genitalia. Penis slender (Fig. 7e); penis capsule sclerotized with small inner arm and large outer arm; apex of penis slightly sinuated with membranous appendage (Fig. 7f). Tegmen stout (Fig. 7g–h) with penis guide parallel-sided from base to 3/4 length, then tapering gradually to blunt apex in ventral view (Fig. 7g). Parameres curved at base, expanded toward apex, slightly longer than penis guide, sparsely covered with long setae at apices (Fig. 7h).

Female externally similar to male but with abdominal ventrites 5 and 6 rounded apically.

Holotype: male, No. SCAU (E) 13197, China: Tibet: Jilong Town, Jilong County, 28°23.00'N, 85°19.60'E, ca 2900 m, 29. X. 2011, Li WJ leg. Paratypes (9): Tibet: 2♀ with same data as holotype. 1♂5♀, Zhangmu Town, Nielamu County, Rikaze, 27°58.47'N, 85°58.15'E, ca 2500 m, 27. IX. 2009, Chen XS leg. 1♂, Zhangmu Port, Rikaze, 27°58.47'N, 85°58.15'E, ca 3000 m, 28. IX. 2009, Chen XS leg. (SCAU).

China (Tibet).

The species name is derived from Latin (‘duo-’ = two and ‘maculatus’ = maculate), referring to two brown spots on the elytra.