Bambusimukaria, a new bamboo-feeding leafhopper genus from China, with description of one new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae, Mukariini)

Abstract A new genus and species, Bambusimukaria quinquepunctata gen. & sp. n., feeding on bamboo in Guizhou and Fujian, China, are described and illustrated. The characters of crown, frontoclypeus, forewing venations and male genitalia place the new genus in the tribe Mukariini.


Introduction
The bamboo feeding leafhoppers from China were reviewed by Chen et al. (2012). Four of the new species described in this work, i.e., Abrus xishuiensis Yang & Chen, Bambusimukaria quinquepunctatus Yang, Chen & Li, Bundera bambusana Yang & Chen and Paraonukia wangmoensis Yang & Chen, were stated as species in press. Although, for all intents and purposes, these species were well described in this work, they do not fit the criteria of the Code (Art. 16.1) in one respect: it was not the authors' intention to formally describe them as new in that publication. Subsequently, the first of these species was named by  and the last two by . It is the purpose of this paper to formally describe the fourth species Bambusimukaria quinquepunctatus and to also assign it to a new genus.

Materials and methods
The study on bamboo leafhoppers in China was carried out from 2001 to 2011 for a minimum of ten weeks each year (June to October). All specimens were collected by sweep net in southern provinces of China and were counted and identified in the laboratory using a binocular microscope. A total of 8,000 leafhopper specimens from bamboo were examined and a total of 58 different genera and at least 123 species were identified, belonging to eight subfamilies (Chen et al. 2012).
In the present paper, terminology follows Li et al. (2011) except leg chaetotaxy, which follows Rakitov (1997). Dry specimens were used for the descriptions and illustrations. External morphology was observed under a stereoscopic microscope and characters were measured with an ocular micrometer. Measurements are given in mil-limeters; body length is measured from the apex of the head to the apex of the forewing in repose. The genital segments of the examined specimens were macerated in 10% KOH, washed in water and transferred to glycerin. Illustrations of the specimens were made with a Leica MZ 12.5 stereomicroscope. Photographs were taken with a Leica D-lux 3 digital camera. The digital images were then imported into Adobe Photoshop 8.0 for labeling and plate composition.
Type specimens of the new species here described are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China (IEGU). Type species. Bambusimukaria quinquepunctata sp. n., here designated. Diagnosis. Crown with anterior and submarginal carinae; entire second segment of antenna visible from above. Frontoclypeus transversely impressed across base beneath prominent overhanging anterior edge of head. Forewing with four apical cells, venation obscure except near apex, vein M 3+4 originating from junction of inner and central anteapical cell. Hind wing with four closed apical cells. Ventral margin of male pygofer without process. Style with short articulating arm and broad outer basal arm. Connective Y-shaped, fused with aedeagus. Aedeagus with paired stout shafts diverging from base, gonopores subapical, large; basal apodeme short.

Key to genera of Mukariini
Description. Head and thorax. Crown (Figs 4, 7) shorter than pronotum, subconically anteriorly rounded, more than half as long as breadth between eyes, with anterior and submarginal carinae, posterior end of anterior carina strongly incurved before eyes; disk strongly sloping posteriorly, texture smooth; ocelli on crown, distant from eyes and close to anterior margin; entire second segment of antenna visible from above; eyes long, oblique, extending backward over anterior angles of pronotum; face (Fig. 5) including eyes as long as broad, frontoclypeus transversely impressed across base beneath prominent overhanging anterior edge of head, narrowed towards clypeus; clypellus narrowing apically; lorum broad. Pronotum (Figs 4, 7) elevated centrally, arched, anterior margin convexly rounded between eyes, posterior margin slightly concave, lateral margin short. Scutellum (Figs 4, 7) large, broad, basal margin longer than lateral margin, transverse depression slightly curving. Forewing (Figs 1-3, 9) elongate, considerably longer than abdomen, slightly widened posteriorly, with four apical cells, venation obscure except near apex, vein M 3+4 originating from junction of inner and central anteapical cell; appendix well developed. Hind wing (Fig. 10) with four closed apical cells. Profemur (Fig. 11) with 2 dorsoapical setae, row AM with 1 stout seta, and row AV with several fine setae. Protibia (Fig. 11) with 4 macrosetae in row AD and with 13 macrosetae approximately equal in length in row AV. Hind femur broadened distally and slightly bowed; apical setal formula 2+2+1. Hind tibia flattened and nearly straight, with PD setae very long, alternating in length and with 1 smaller setae between macrosetae; row AD with 14 macrosetae interspersed by 1 to 2 small stout setae; several supernumeral setae present between AD and AV rows. Metabasitarsomere with 3 platellae and 2 setae on apical transverse row, and one row of 6 stout setae at middle and one row of 4 stout setae at lateral margin.

Distribution. Southwest and south China.
Etymology. The genus name, which is feminine, is a combination of "bambus" (bamboo) and "Mukaria" (name of the type genus of Mukariini), meaning that members of this genus feeding exclusively on bamboo (Bambusoideae).
Remarks. The new genus can be distinguished from other genera of Mukariini by the very large anal tube process (see also above key to genera of Mukariini). Among other Chinese mukariin genera, the new genus is somewhat similar to Flatfronta Chen &Li, 1997 andTiaobeinia Chen &Li, 2008 in the shape of head, and also similar to Mukaria Distant, 1908 in the shape of male genitalia. See also Table 1  Diagnosis. General color yellowish white to yellowish orange. Head and thorax with five black markings. Female sternite VII with two blackish brown markings. Anal (Xth) segment with a very large process at apical-ventral margin. Aedeagus with shafts diverging from base, each shaft narrower at base, broad to near apex, outer margin extended apically into a stout acute process inner margin with a stout subapical tooth-like process directed medially, dentate on dorsal suface, gonopores subapical on ventral surface.
Coloration. General color yellowish white to yellowish orange (Figs 1-6, 26, 27). Eyes yellowish brown. Head and thorax (Figs 4, 7) with five black markings, one at apex of crown, two on anterior margin of pronotum and two on anterior margin of mesonotum. Fore tibia with one dark brown mark subapically. Female sternite VII with two blackish brown markings (Fig. 12).
Male genitalia. Anal (Xth) segment (Figs 15-18) with a very large process at apical-ventral margin, directed cephalad, tapering distally to acute apex. Pygofer (Figs 15,16) broad and rounded in lateral view, with many macrosetae. Valve (Fig. 19) with basal width 2 times longer than median length, posterior margin rounded. Subgenital plate (Fig. 19) very short, broad at base, tapering to acutely rounded apex. Style apophysis (Fig. 20) thumb-like, slightly sinuate, apex rounded. Connective stem (Figs 21,22) slightly shorter than arms, fused with base of aedeagus. Aedeagus  in ventral view with shafts diverging from base, each shaft narrower at base, broad to near apex, outer margin extended apically into a stout acute process inner margin with a stout subapical tooth-like process directed medially, dentate on dorsal suface, gonopores subapical on ventral surface.
Female genitalia. Sternite VII (Fig. 12) with anterior margin angularly produced laterally, posterior margin strongly and broadly concaved. First and second valvulae ( Fig. 13a, b) as in generic description; second valvulae ( Fig. 14a, b)  Distribution. Southwest and south China (Guizhou, Fujian). Etymology. The name is a combination of the Latin words "quinque" (five) and "punctata" (spots), which refers to the dorsum of head and thorax with five small dark spots.
Remarks. The new species can be distinguished from other species of Mukariini by the very large anal tube process.