The genus Dasyproctus (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Crabronidae) in China, with description of two new species

Abstract Two new species of the genus Dasyproctus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau & Brullé (Crabronidae, Crabroninae, Crabronini) from China are described and illustrated, namely D. amplicarinalis Yue & Ma, sp. nov. from Yunnan, and D. hainanensis Yue & Li, sp. nov. from Hainan. In addition, D. cevirus Leclercq and D. vaporus Leclercq are recorded for the first time from China. A key to the species of Dasyproctus from China is provided.


Introduction
The genus Dasyproctus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau & Brullé, 1834 belongs to the subtribe Crabronina, tribe Crabronini, subfamily Crabroninae (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae). At present, Dasyproctus includes 79 species with 21 subspecies of small-to medium-sized predatory solitary wasps worldwide, of which 25 species and two subspecies occur in the Oriental Region, 37 species and 16 subspecies in the Afrotropical Region, 12 species in the Australasian Region, one species and one subspecies in both the Palearctic and Oriental Regions, two species in both the Palearctic and Afrotropical Regions, one species and two subspecies in both the Oriental and Afrotropical Regions, one species in both the Oriental and Australasian Regions, and one species in the Palearctic, Oriental, and Australasian Regions (Pulawski 2020;Binoy et al. 2021). In China, three species and one subspecies have been recorded from Foo Chow, Guangzhou, Szechwan, and Taiwan (Smith 1858;Cameron 1889Cameron , 1890Turner 1912a, b;T. Ma 1936;Leclercq 1954Leclercq , 1956Leclercq , 1972Leclercq , 1982Leclercq , 2015Tsuneki 1959Tsuneki , 1966Tsuneki , 1968Tsuneki , 1971Tsuneki , 1977Tsuneki , 1982Haneda 1971Haneda , 1972Murota 1973;Porter et al. 1999;Hua 2006).
In the present study of the Dasyproctus of China, two new species are described and two species are reported from China for the first time. A key to the Chinese species of the genus is provided.

Materials and methods
The specimens examined during this study are deposited in the Insect Collection of Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China (YNAU).
All specimens were observed and illustrated with the aid of an Olympus stereomicroscope (SZ Series) with an ocular micrometer. The photographs were taken with a Keyence VHX-5000. The final illustrations were improved for contrast and brightness using Adobe Photoshop CS5.
Terminology follows Bohart and Menke (1976). The abbreviations used in the text are as follows: HL, head length in dorsal view (distance from frons to occipital carina in the middle); HW, head width (dorsal view, maximum); POD, postocellar distance (distance between inner margins of hind ocelli); OOD, ocellocular distance (distance between outer margin of hind ocellus and nearest inner orbit). Size of punctures: small or fine, puncture diameters less than 0.1× posterior ocellar diameter; midsize, 0.1-0.2× posterior ocellar diameter. Diagnosis. The new species clearly differs from the Oriental D. buddha (Cameron) by the following combination of characters: frontal area dorsally with a high, lamellar, transverse carina at upper margin of scapal basin, carina interrupted by a broad and deep depression medially, and markedly high on each side of depression (Fig. 1c); antennal scape (except above with two black spots medially) yellow, pedicel brown ( Fig. 1b); fore femur with one yellow spot; spots of tergum II larger than those of scutellum and tergum V (Fig. 1e, g). In D. buddha: frontal area dorsally with a lamellar, transverse carina at upper margin of scapal basin, carina interrupted by a narrow and shallow depression medially, and slightly higher on each side of depression; scape and pedicel yellow; fore femur with two separated yellow spots; spots of tergum II smaller than those of scutellum and tergum V.
The new species and D. buddha can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: free margin of clypeus truncate, slightly emarginated medially, lateral area with a blunt tooth on each side; frontal area dorsally with a lamellar, transverse carina at upper margin of scapal basin, carina interrupted by depression medially; anterior carina of pronotal collar laterally not curving toward pronotal lobe; length of petiole more than 2× maximum width.
Metasoma. Length of petiole 2.27× maximum width (Fig. 1g), and ca. half of hind femur, its surface with dense, midsize punctures ca. 1.5-2.0× diameters apart; terga with dense, fine punctures; sternum II with dense, small punctures; sterna III-VI posteriorly with dense, small to midsize punctures; terga II-V with yellow spot on each side, spots on terga III-IV larger than those of terga II and V, and spots on tergum II larger than those of tergum V (Fig. 1g); spots on tergum II larger than those of scutellum, but shorter than half of those of tergum III (Fig. 1e, g). Pygidial plate concave and narrow, with sparse, small to midsize punctures anteriorly, and with contiguous, midsize punctures and longitudinal rugae posteriorly.

Distribution. China (Yunnan).
Etymology. The species' name, amplicarinalis, is derived from the Latin stem ampl-(= large, spacious, roomy) and the Latin word carinalis, referring to the high, lamellar, transverse carina at the upper margin of the scapal basin, which is one of the main diagnostic characters of this species.  Diagnosis. The new species clearly differs from the Oriental D. pentheri Leclercq by the following combination of characters: free margin of clypeus with a deep, triangular emargination medially, laterally with an angular tooth on each side (Fig. 2b); propodeal enclosure with sparse, sturdy, longitudinal rugae; tibiae largely yellow (inner surface brown). In D. pentheri, the free margin of the clypeus has a deep semicircular emargination medially, the lateral area has a round tooth on each side; the propodeal enclosure has irregular, slender rugae; the tibiae are largely black.

Dasyproctus hainanensis
The new species and D. pentheri can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: free margin of clypeus with a deep emargination medially, lateral area with a tooth on each side; anterior carina of pronotal collar laterally curving toward pronotal lobe; length of petiole no more than 2× maximum width (Fig. 2f ). (Fig. 2a). Body length 7.8 mm. Black; yellow are: mandible (largely), two spots on clypeus medially, scape, pedicel, and flagellomere I subbasally, pronotal collar, pronotal lobe, prepectus (largely), scutellum, axilla, outer and inner sides of fore femur apically, apical half of mid femur, fore and mid tibiae, outer surface of hind tibia; fore coxa apically, inner sides of fore and mid trochanters, and tarsus pale yellowish; spots on gastral terga I-II laterally yellowish-brown, spots on terga III-IV laterally ferruginous, bands on tergum V and posterior margin of terga IV-V ferruginous (Fig. 2f, g). Integument mostly with sparse, silvery setae; clypeus with dense appressed silvery setae; scapal basin (except frontal line) with short, dense, appressed, silvery setae; upper frons and vertex with sparse, pale brown setae; gena with short, somewhat dense, silvery setae; gastral terga largely with sparse, brown setae; gastral sterna II-V with long, somewhat sparse, brown setae; setae on sternum II irregular, setae on sterna III-V in nearly linear arrangement, sternum II laterally with oval setal spot; pygidial plate anterolaterally with long, brown setae.
Metasoma. Length of petiole 1.22× maximum width (Fig. 2f ), and half of hind femur, its surface rough, with contiguous large punctures; gastral terga I-IV with a yellowish-brown or ferruginous spot on each side, tergum V with a band, spots on tergum I slightest of all (Fig. 2g); gastral terga with dense, fine punctures, gastral sterna with sparse, small to midsize punctures; pygidial plate concave and narrow, posteriorly with contiguous, small to midsize punctures and longitudinal rugae.

Distribution. China (Hainan).
Etymology. The new species is named after the Hainan Province of China, where the holotype was collected.

Dasyproctus vaporus Leclercq, 1963, first record from China Figure 4a-f
Dasyproctus vaporus Leclercq, 1963: 22. Dasyproctus sculpturatus Tsuneki, 1976 with Dasyproctus vaporus by Tsuneki (1984: 16 Anterior carina of pronotal collar laterally not curving toward pronotal lobe (Fig. 1d)  Petiole broad and short, length not exceeding twice its maximum width, and about half of hind femur (Fig. 2f )  Free margin of clypeus truncated medially, lateral teeth at acute angle to middle lobe; scutum with fine punctures, usually smaller than punctures on vertex; gastral tergum III with a pair of spots, spots distinctly larger than those on tergum IV (rarely missing) and tergum II (rarely present), terga V and VI rarely with a small spot on each side . Free margin of clypeus slightly emarginated medially, lateral teeth at 90° to middle lobe (Fig. 4b); scutum with relatively large punctures, similar to punctures on vertex; gastral terga II-III with a spot on each side (missing in some specimens), terga IV-VI with a broad yellow band (missing in some specimens) (Fig. 4f )