New record of the genus Manipuria Jacoby (Chrysomelidae, Criocerinae) from China, with description of a new species

Abstract After a century since the erection of the genus Manipuria from India, its type species M. dohertyi Jacoby was discovered in Yunnan Province of China. A new Manipuria species, M. yuaesp. nov., is described from Tibet and Yunnan, China. The new species differs from M. dohertyi by its larger size, unicolored elytra, and absence of a tooth-like prolongation in front of the mandible. Additional data is provided for M. dohertyi based on new material from China.


Introduction
The monotypic genus Manipuria Jacoby was erected in 1908 based on Manipuria dohertyi Jacoby, 1908 from Manipur, India. This particular species is characterized by an elongate and subcylindrical body; the head longer than wide, not strongly constricted posteriorly, with a tooth-like prolongation on the under surface in front of the mandible (Jacoby 1908). For more than a century, no other species of the genus have been found, and no other distribution records are known except for the type locality, Manipur.
During an expedition to southeastern Tibet in August 2011, three large specimens of Criocerinae were discovered on a host plant belonging to Smilacaceae. Based on the keys of Jacoby (1908) and Monrós (1960), these specimens were readily keyed out as members of the genus Manipuria. In the insect collection of Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China, we found another specimen of Manipuria collected from Ruili City of Yunnan Province. Subsequent morphological comparisons of the specimens with the type of M. dohertyi have convinced us that they represent another Manipuria species previously unknown to science. A description of this new species follows.
In August 2019, we made an expedition to Tibet and Yunnan to survey Criocerinae. When walking on a road in Maku village of Dulongjiang township, we saw a "Lilioceris" beetle flying quickly in front of us and then resting on a plant. We caught it with an insect net and recognized it as M. dohertyi from four ocular patches on the elytra. In fact, Dulongjiang represented a new distribution area, because the second author (BWX) caught this species in July 2015 from Qinlangdang, another village of Dulongjiang ca 10 km south of Maku.
The purpose of this paper is to describe the new species discovered in Tibet and Yunnan, and to provide additional data on M. dohertyi based on our new material from Yunnan.

Materials and methods
This study is based on the examination of the type specimen and those collected from Tibet and Yunnan, China. The methods of specimen observation and preparation followed previous publications (Tishechkin et al. 2011;Li et al. 2013;Shi and Liang 2015). Morphological terminology follows Chou et al. (1993), Matsumura et al. (2013) and Li and Liang (2018).
Body length (BL) was measured from the anterior margin of labrum to the apex of elytra; body width (BW) was measured along the greatest elytral width (EW); head length (HL) was measured along the anterior margin of labrum to the posterior margin tumid gena; head width (HW) was measured along the widest part of head including eyes; pronotum length (PL) was measured along the median line of pronotum; pronotum width (PW) was measured across the widest part of the pronotum; elytra length (EL) was measured along the suture from base of scutellum to the elytral apex.
Dry specimens were soaked in hot water for 1-2 hours to soften the body. The abdomen was opened at its lateroapical margin and genitalia were pulled out using forceps. Genitalia were soaked in warm 10% KOH for 1 hour, and dyed in Chlorazol Black E. The basal orifice of the aedeagus was injected with 100% ethanol by using a microinjector until the internal sac was fully everted. The aedeagus with its everted internal sac was photographed by a Canon D450 camera fitted to a Nikon SMZ1500 stereomicroscope or a Nikon D610 digital camera fitted to a Nikon SMZ18 stereomi-croscope. The photographs were combined with Helicon Focus software to obtain one synthesized photograph, and finally edited in Photoshop (CC). A microvial with genitalia was pinned to the specimen from which the genitalia were removed for storage. Collections cited in this article are indicated by the following abbreviations: Type species. Manipuria dohertyi Jacoby, 1908: 84 (type locality: Manipur; holotype in NHMUK), by monotypy.
Diagnosis. Body elongate and subcylindrical. Head obviously longer than width; eye small; gena elongate, lateral sides behind eyes almost parallel; vertex smooth in the center, sparsely punctate in lateral area, with a longitudinal groove in the middle; occipit punctate, with a longitudinal groove medially; frontal tubercle glabrous, raised; clypeo-frontal area triangular, area near the anterior margin raised, disc with punctures and setae; labrum transverse, with setae on both apical angles. Antenna filiform, more than half BL. Pronotum wider than head, lateral constriction impunctate; posterior transverse impression distinct. Elytra unicolored or with yellow patches; striae with punctures regularly arranged, punctures weakened posteriorly and disappeared apically. Legs slender, with punctures and pubescence. Two claws asymmetrical. Abdominal sternite with pubescence and punctures.
BL. 9.0-14.0 mm. Diagnosis. Body brownish red. Head longer than wide; gena elongate with wrinkles and setae, lateral sides behind eyes almost parallel, slightly constricted behind gena; antennae more than half of BL, 5-11 antennomeres cylindrical. Pronotal disc with fine punctures, lateral sides constricted after the middle. Scutellum triangular. Elytra with punctures regularly arranged, punctures absent apically.
Comparisons. This species can be distinguished from M. dohertyi by the following combination of characters: lateral sides of head without prolongation in front of mandible, elytral unicolored (lateral sides of head with a tooth-like prolongation in front of mandible, elytra with four yellow patches in M. dohertyi).
Pronotum. PW/HW =1.0-1.1, PL/PW = 1.1-1.2; anterior angle protruding, posterior angle not protruding; lateral side constricted behind the middle; areas near anterior and posterior margins with a few fine punctures, middle areas of disc with four rows of irregular fine punctures; posterior transverse impression distinct, basal transverse groove weak. Scutellum triangular, posterior angles round, lateral area of base sparsely pubescent.
Mesosternum pubescent; mesosternal process short, narrow, densely pubescent, pointed ventrally. metasternal disc with very sparse setae; metepisternum densely pubescent. Legs slender; tibia with dense punctures and pubescence; metafemur with dense setae in dorsal surface, with sparse setae in ventral surface, middle area with a large triangular denticle.
Distribution. China (Tibet, Yunnan). Etymology. The specific name yuae is proposed in memory of Professor Peiyu Yu, who contributed greatly to the taxonomy on Chinese Criocerinae.
Host plant. This species lived on Smilax sp. (Smilacaceae) according to observations of the second author (BWX).
Habitat. The locality of the new species in Mêdog county is situated at the northernmost part of tropics in Asia. The vegetation is tropical seasonal rainforest. The climate is characteristic of high temperature, plentiful precipitation, and high humidity. The biodiversity is rich in this region. The forests are composed of tall trees, woody Remarks. The specimen from Yunnan differs slightly from those from Tibet in having a lighter color (yellow-red), a shorter head (HL/HW = 1.5), and weaker sclerites (yellow) of the male genitalia.
When this new species is included, the concept of the genus Manipuria is expanded slightly by the absence of a projection on front of the mandible. The genus Manipuria differs from the genus Lilioceris mainly in having elongate gena, a less constricted neck, and small eyes.
Some characters of the new species suggest its intermediate position between Lilioceris and Manipuria as the head is only slightly enlarged and the ventral teeth on the head only weakly developed. It appears to occupy a position nearer to Lilioceris than to Crioceris as the pronotum is strongly narrowed in the middle. The relationship between Manipuria and Lilioceris needs further investigation. Jacoby, 1908 Figures 4, 11-14, 17, 20, 23 Manipuria dohertyi Jacoby, 1908: 84;Monrós 1960: 153. Diagnosis. Body brownish black, elytra with yellow patches, each patch surrounded with a black circle. Head longer than wide; lateral sides of head with a tooth-like prolongation in front of mandible; gena elongate, with fine wrinkles and setae; lateral sides behind eyes almost parallel; antenna more than half BL. Pronotal disc with fine punctures; lateral sides constricted behind the middle. Scutellum triangular.

Manipuria dohertyi
Redescription. BL = 8.7-9.0 mm, BW = 3.0-3.2 mm. Brown or brownish black, with coppery metallic luster, each elytron with two yellow patches, one patch behind the shoulders slightly transverse, and another near the apex rounded, each surrounded by a black circle.
Head (Figs 4,11,13). HL/HW = 1.1; lateral sides of head with a tooth-like prolongation in front of mandible, gena elongate with fine wrinkles and setae, lateral sides behind eyes almost parallel, then constricted behind gena; vertex smooth, with a shallow longitudinal groove in the middle, apex pointed dorsally before the groove; occipit sparsely punctate, with a shallow longitudinal groove medially; frontal tubercle glabrous, raised; clypeo-frontal area triangular, area near anterior margin raised, disc  with punctures and setae; labrum transverse, with 3-5 long setae on both apical angles; antenna filiform, more than half BL, antennomeres 1 and 2 nearly globular and shiny, antennomere 1 twice as long as antennomere 2, antennomeres 3 and 4 pubescent and punctate, length almost equal, antennomeres 5-11 cylindrical, with punctures and pubescence, antennomeres twice as long as wide.
Pronotum. PW/HW = 1.1-1.3, PL/PW = 0.9-1.0; anterior angle protruding, posterior angle not protruding; lateral side constricted just behind the middle; middle region of disc with two rows of fine punctures and a longitudinal fovea; posterior transverse impression distinct; basal transverse groove weak. Scutellum triangular, lateral sides of base with pubescence.