Map of Sulawesi and neighboring areas showing the four sampling localities with orange spots; the three localities in South Sulawesi were in close proximity to each other. Two typical biogeographical boundaries are indicated with dotted lines: Wallace’s line and Lydekker’s line. Land masses west of Wallace’s line were connected during ice ages as Sunda, east of Lydekker’s line land masses were connected as Sahul. Islands in between the two biogeographical boundaries were never connected by land and are jointly known as Wallacea.