Map of the study area and sampling sites in and near Heraklion city. U urban sites (U1 athletic centre, roads, parking area, buildings and gardening activities U2 roads, parking area, dense buildings and gardening activities U3 Heraklion port, roads, numerous buildings and gardening activities) S suburban sites (S1 hotels, roads, sandy substrate S2 hotels, electricity power factory, roads S3 industrial area, roads, numerous buildings) R rural sites (R1–R3 roads and little grazing).