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Diversity of Ummidia habitats A First Landing State Park, Virginia B Savage Neck Dunes Natural Area, Virginia C Torreya State Park, Florida D pine rockland habitat, Miami-Dade County, Florida; photograph credit Frank Ridgely E Superstition Mountains, Arizona; photograph credit Timothy Cota F near Pajarito Mountains, Arizona; photograph credit Timothy Cota G Santiago De Anaya, Hidalgo, Mexico; photograph credit Paula Cushing H Peña del Aire Park, Hidalgo, Mexico; photograph credit Paula Cushing.


PCA morphospace plotted from quantitative measurements of A males of western United States species B males of western United States and northern Mexico species C males of southern Mexico and Central America species D females of eastern United States species E females of western United States and northern Mexico species F females of southern Mexico and Central America species.


Retrolateral face of tarsus IV for A Ummidia audouini female AR2674 B Ummidia audouini male UMM179 C Ummidia hondurena sp. nov. female SENCK8568 D Ummidia gingoteague sp. nov. female AUMS16243 E Ummidia gingoteague sp. nov. male UMM003 F Ummidia huascazaloya sp. nov. male CNAN-T01384 G Ummidia neilgaimani sp. nov. female UMM240 H Ummidia neilgaimani sp. nov. male UMM016 I Ummidia anaya sp. nov. male CNAN-T01385.


Ummidia audouini (Lucas, 1835) from North America. A male habitus illustration UMM194 B female habitus illustration AR26274. Scale bars: 4.0 mm.


Ummidia audouini (Lucas, 1835) from North America A–D male exemplar (UMM194) A prolateral aspect, leg I B retrolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I prolateral and retrolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E cleared spermathecae female holotype (AR26274). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.


Ummidia neilgaimani sp. nov. from Roanoke Co., Virginia. A male habitus illustration UMM016 B female habitus illustration UMM240. Scale bars: 4.0 mm.


Ummidia neilgaimani sp. nov. from Roanoke Co., Virginia A–D male holotype (UMM016) A prolateral aspect, leg I B retrolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I prolateral and retrolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E cleared spermathecae female paratype (UMM240). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.


Ummidia gingoteague sp. nov. from Accomack Co. Virginia A male habitus illustration UMM003 B female habitus illustration AUMS16243. Scale bars: 4.0 mm.


Ummidia gingoteague sp. nov. from Accomack Co. Virginia A–D male holotype (UMM003) A prolateral aspect, leg I B retrolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I prolateral and retrolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E cleared spermathecae female paratype (AUMS16243). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.


Ummidia carabivora (Atkinson, 1886) from Chapel Hill, North Carolina A male habitus illustration UMM073 B female habitus illustration A47. Scale bars: 4.0 mm.


Ummidia carabivora (Atkinson, 1886) from Chapel Hill, North Carolina A–D male exemplar (UMM073) A prolateral aspect, leg I B retrolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I prolateral and retrolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E cleared spermathecae female holotype (A47). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.


Ummidia rongodwini sp. nov. A male habitus illustration MY2313b B female habitus illustration AUMS4565. Scale bars: 4.0 mm.


Ummidia rongodwini sp. nov. from Calhoun Co., Alabama A–D male holotype (UMM367) A prolateral aspect, leg I B retrolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I prolateral and retrolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E cleared spermathecae female paratype (AUMS4565). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.


Ummidia okefenokee sp. nov. male holotype specimen (UMM163) from Okefenokee Swamp, Charlton Co., Georgia. A retrolateral aspect, leg I B prolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I retrolateral and prolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E habitus illustration. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A–D), 4.0 mm (E).


Ummidia richmond sp. nov. male holotype (UMM159) from Perrine, Florida A retrolateral aspect, leg I B prolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I retrolateral and prolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E habitus illustration. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A–D), 4.0 mm (E).


Ummidia macarthuri sp. nov. from Washington Co. Arkansas A male habitus illustration UMM286 B female habitus illustration UMM647. Scale bars: 4.0 mm.


Ummidia macarthuri sp. nov. from Washington Co. Arkansas A–D male holotype (UMM286) A prolateral aspect, leg I B retrolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I prolateral and retrolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E cleared spermathecae female exemplar (UMM647). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.


Ummidia beatula (Gertsch & Mulaik, 1940) from Dallas, Texas A male habitus illustration IZC327745 B female habitus illustration IZC327743. Scale bars: 4.0 mm.


Ummidia beatula (Gertsch & Mulaik, 1940) from Dallas, Texas A–D male exemplar (IZC327745) A retrolateral aspect, leg I B prolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I retrolateral and prolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E cleared spermathecae female holotype (IZC327743). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.


Ummidia colemanae sp. nov. male holotype specimen (UMM504) from Sinton, Texas A habitus illustration B prolateral aspect, leg I C retrolateral aspect, leg I D line drawings, leg I prolateral and retrolateral aspects E retrolateral aspect, pedipalp. Scale bars: 4.0 mm (A), 1.0 mm (B–E).


Ummidia funerea (Gertsch, 1936) from Edinburg, Texas. A male habitus illustration ICZ327741 B female habitus illustration UMM430. Scale bars: 4.0 mm.


Ummidia funerea (Gertsch, 1936) from Edinburg, Texas. A-D male holotype (ICZ327741) A prolateral aspect, leg I B retrolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I prolateral and retrolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E cleared spermathecae female exemplar (UMM430). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.


Ummidia rosillos sp. nov. male holotype (UMM810) from Brewster Co., Texas A retrolateral aspect, leg I B prolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I retrolateral and prolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E habitus illustration. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A–D), 4.0 mm (E).


Ummidia mercedesburnsae sp. nov. from Culberson Co., Texas. A male habitus illustration UMM162 B female habitus illustration UMM644. Scale bars: 4.0 mm.


Ummidia mercedesburnsae sp. nov. from Culberson Co., Texas. A–D male holotype (UMM162) A prolateral aspect, leg I B retrolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I prolateral and retrolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E cleared spermathecae female paratype (UMM644). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.


Ummidia paulacushingae sp. nov. male holotype specimen (CMNS40253) from Mesa Co., Colorado A retrolateral aspect, leg I B prolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I retrolateral and prolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E habitus illustration. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A–D), 4.0 mm (E).


Ummidia modesta (Banks, 1901) from New Mexico A male habitus illustration MCZ22137 B female habitus illustration UMM586. Scale bars: 4.0 mm.


Ummidia modesta (Banks, 1901) from Las Cruces, New Mexico. male holotype (MCZ22137) A prolateral aspect, leg I B retrolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I prolateral and retrolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E cleared spermathecae female paratype (UMM586). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A–D).


Ummidia waunekaae sp. nov. male holotype (UMM559) from Bernalillo Co., New Mexico. A prolateral aspect, leg I B retrolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I prolateral and retrolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E habitus illustration. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A–D), 4.0 mm (E).


Ummidia gertschi sp. nov. from Cochise Co., Arizona. A male habitus illustration UMM165 B female habitus illustration UMM664. Scale bars: 4.0 mm.


Ummidia gertschi sp. nov. from Cochise Co., Arizona A–D male holotype (UMM165) A prolateral aspect, leg I B retrolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I prolateral and retrolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E cleared spermathecae female exemplar (UMM664) F cleared spermathecae female paratype (UMM572). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.


Ummidia timcotai sp. nov. from Gila Co., Arizona A male habitus illustration UMM161 B female habitus illustration UMM666. Scale bars: 4.0 mm.


Ummidia timcotai sp. nov. from Gila Co., Arizona A–D male holotype (UMM161) A prolateral aspect, leg I B retrolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I prolateral and retrolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E cleared spermathecae female paratype (UMM666). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.


Ummidia gabrieli sp. nov. from Baja California Sur, Mexico. A male habitus illustration UMM341 B female habitus illustration UMM392. Scale bars: 4.0 mm.


Ummidia gabrieli sp. nov. from Baja California Sur, Mexico A–D male holotype (UMM341) A prolateral aspect, leg I B retrolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I prolateral and retrolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E cleared spermathecae female paratype (UMM392). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.


Ummidia pesiou sp. nov. female holotype specimen (UMM464) from Sonora, Mexico. A female habitus illustration B cleared spermathecae. Scale bars: 4.0 mm (A), 1.0 mm (B).


Ummidia rodeo sp. nov. from Durango, Mexico A male habitus illustration UMM325 B female habitus illustration UMM166. Scale bars: 4.0 mm.


Ummidia rodeo sp. nov. from Durango, Mexico A–D male holotype (UMM325) A prolateral aspect, leg I B retrolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I prolateral and retrolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E cleared spermathecae female paratype (UMM166). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.


Ummidia pustulosa (Becker, 1879) from Sonora, Mexico. Female neotype (BMNH1071) A female habitus illustration B cleared spermathecae. Scale bars: 4.0 mm (A), 1.0 mm (B).


Ummidia huascazaloya sp. nov. from Hidalgo, Mexico A male habitus illustration CNAN-T01384 B female habitus illustration UMM171. Scale bars: 4.0 mm.


Ummidia huascazaloya sp. nov. from Hidalgo, Mexico A–D male holotype (CNAN-T01384) A retrolateral aspect, leg I B prolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I retrolateral and prolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E cleared spermathecae female paratype (UMM171). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.


Ummidia anaya sp. nov. male holotype specimen (CNAN-T01385) from Hidalgo, Mexico. A retrolateral aspect, leg I B prolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I retrolateral and prolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E habitus illustration. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A–D), 4.0 mm (E).


Ummidia cuicatec sp. nov. from Oaxaca, Mexico. A male habitus illustration UMM154 B female habitus illustration UMM415. Scale bars: 4.0 mm.


Ummidia cuicatec sp. nov. from Oaxaca, Mexico. A–D male holotype (UMM154) A prolateral aspect, leg I B retrolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I prolateral and retrolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E cleared spermathecae female paratype (UMM415). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.


Ummidia brandicarlileae sp. nov. from Yucatán, Mexico. A male habitus illustration UMM158 B female habitus illustration UMM576. Scale bars: 4.0 mm.


Ummidia brandicarlileae sp. nov. from Yucatán, Mexico. A-D male holotype (UMM158) A prolateral aspect, leg I B retrolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I prolateral and retrolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E cleared spermathecae female paratype (UMM576). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.


Ummidia zebrina (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) male holotype (NHMUK1249) from Guatemala. A retrolateral aspect, leg I B prolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I retrolateral and prolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E habitus illustration. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A–B), 4.0 mm (E).


Ummidia riverai sp. nov. male holotype (UMM496) from Baja Verapaz, Guatemala. A retrolateral aspect, leg I B prolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I retrolateral and prolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E habitus illustration. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A–B), 4.0 mm (E).


Ummidia frankellerae sp. nov. from Cayo, Belize. Female holotype (BMEA101781, BME A female habitus illustration B cleared spermathecae, Scale bars: 4.0 mm (A), 1.0 mm (B).


Ummidia zilchi (Kraus, 1955) male holotype (SENCK8569_1) from San Salvador, El Salvador. A retrolateral aspect, leg I B prolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I retrolateral and prolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E habitus illustration. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A–B), 4.0 mm (E).


Ummidia hondurena sp. nov. from Honduras. A male habitus illustration UMM172 B female habitus illustration SENCK8568_1. Scale bars: 4.0 mm.


Ummidia hondurena sp. nov. from Honduras. A–D male holotype (UMM172) A prolateral aspect, leg I B retrolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I prolateral and retrolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E cleared spermathecae female paratype (SENCK8568_1). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.


Ummidia yojoa sp. nov. male holotype (UMM186) from Dept. of Cortés, Honduras A prolateral aspect, leg I B retrolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I prolateral and retrolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E habitus illustration. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A–B), 4.0 mm (E).


Ummidia matagalpa sp. nov. from Matagalpa, Nicaragua. Female holotype (UMM118) A female habitus illustration B cleared spermathecae. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A–B), 4.0 mm (E).


Ummidia rugosa (Karsch, 1880) from Costa Rica. A male habitus illustration UMM631 B female habitus illustration of female exemplar (UMM122) C habitus illustration of female holotype (ZMB3244). Scale bars: 4.0 mm.


Ummidia rugosa (Karsch, 1880) from Costa Rica. A-D male exemplar (UMM631) A retrolateral aspect, leg I B prolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I retrolateral and prolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E cleared spermathecae female exemplar (UMM122). Scale bars: 1.0mm.


Ummidia carlosviquezi sp. nov. from Puntarenas, Costa Rica. A male habitus illustration UMM239 B female habitus illustration UMM747. Scale bars: 4.0 mm.


Ummidia carlosviquezi sp. nov. from Puntarenas, Costa Rica A–D male holotype (UMM239) A prolateral aspect, leg I B retrolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I prolateral and retrolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E cleared spermathecae female paratype (UMM747). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.


Ummidia varablanca sp. nov. from Heredia, Costa Rica. A male habitus illustration UMM669 B female habitus illustration UMM746. Scale bars: 4.0 mm.


Ummidia varablanca sp. nov. from Heredia, Costa Rica A–D male holotype (UMM669) A prolateral aspect, leg I B retrolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I prolateral and retrolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E cleared spermathecae female paratype (UMM746). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.


Ummidia quepoa sp. nov. from Quepos, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. A male habitus illustration UMM757 B female habitus illustration UMM210. Scale bars: 4.0 mm.


Ummidia quepoa sp. nov. from Quepos, Puntarenas, Costa Rica A–D male holotype (UMM757) A prolateral aspect, leg I B retrolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I prolateral and retrolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E cleared spermathecae female paratype (UMM210). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.


Ummidia cerrohoya sp. nov. from Los Santos, Panama. Female holotype (UMM452) A cleared spermathecae B female habitus illustration. Scale bars: 1.00 mm (A), 4.0mm (B).


Ummidia erema (Chamberlin, 1925) from Barro Colorado Island, Panama. A male habitus illustration UMM535 B female habitus illustration MCZ16003. Scale bars: 4.0 mm.


Ummidia erema (Chamberlin, 1925) from Barro Colorado Island, Panama. A-D male exemplar (UMM535) A prolateral aspect, leg I B retrolateral aspect, leg I C line drawings, leg I prolateral and retrolateral aspects D retrolateral aspect, pedipalp E cleared spermathecae female holotype (MCZ16003). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.


Ummidia quijichacaca sp. nov. female holotype (UMM230) from Monserrate, Colombia A female habitus illustration B cleared spermathecae. Scale bars: 4.0 mm (A), 1.0 mm (B).


Ummidia tibacuy sp. nov. female holotype (AV1151) from Tibacuy, Colombia A female habitus illustration B cleared spermathecae. Scale bars: 4.0 mm (A), 1.0 mm (B).


Ummidia asperula (


Ummidia asperula (


Ummidia neblina sp. nov. from Amazonas, Venezuela. Female holotype (UMM141) A female habitus illustration B cleared spermathecae. Scale bars: 4.0 mm (A), 1.0 mm (B).


Ummidia tunapuna sp. nov. female holotype (UMM724) from St. George, Trinidad and Tobago A female habitus illustration, scale bar = 4.0 mm B cleared spermathecae, scale bar = 1.0 mm. Scale bars: 4.0 mm (A), 1.0 mm (B).


Ummidia salebrosa (Simon, 1892) female holotype (NHMUK1894) from St. Vincent A cleared spermathecae B female habitus illustration. Scale bars:1.0 mm (A), 4.0 mm (B).


Ummidia nidulans (Fabricius, 1787) from St. Elizabeth, Jamaica. Female neotype (UMM297) A female habitus illustration B cleared spermathecae. Scale bars: 4.0 mm (A), 1.0 mm (B).