Discovery of the genus Formosiepyris Terayama, (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) in Vietnam, with a description of a new species

Abstract Formosiepyris vietnamensis sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) is described based on material collected from Da Lat, southern Vietnam. This is the first record of Formosiepyris Terayama from Vietnam. The new species can be distinguished from other Formosiepyris species by a narrow and rounded clypeus; a mandible with three teeth; a second metasomal tergite having small, sparsely distributed punctures and smooth interspaces, except for anterior 2/5, which is microreticulate; and a head length : width aspect ratio of 10 : 11. A key to the Oriental species of Formosiepyris is provided.


Introduction
The genus Formosiepyris Terayama, 2004 (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae: Epyrinae) was initially described based on three species, namely, F. marishi Terayama, 2004from Thailand, F. shiva Terayama, 2004 from India and F. takasago Terayama, 2004 from Taiwan (Terayama 2004). Subsequently, F. rugulosus Xu & He, 2005 was described from Fujian Province, China, (Xu and He 2005). While all of these species are distributed in the Oriental region, Mugrabi and Azevedo (2010) and Azevedo et al. (2010) recorded several unidentified species of Formosiepyris in the United Arab Emirates and Madagascar, implying that the distribution and diversity of this genus require clarification.
In the course of our study on the hymenopteran fauna of Vietnam, we collected a male Formosiepyris specimen from Da Lat, Lam Dong Province, in southern Vietnam. Here we describe a new Formosiepyris species based on this male, and provide an updated key to the Oriental species.

Material and methods
The terminology follows that of Evans (1964), Azevedo (2001), and Terayama (2006). The following abbreviations were used in the description: HL, head length; HW, head width; WF, width of frons; LM, length of mesosoma; LPD, length of propodeal disc; WPD, width of propodeal disc; FWL, forewing length; TL, total body length; EL, eye length; POL, minimum distance between posterior ocelli; AOL, minimum distance from a posterior ocellus to nearest eye margin; OOL, minimum distance from a posterior ocellus to nearest eye margin; WOT, distance across and including posterior ocelli.
The holotype of F. takasago deposited in the National Museum of Nature and Science Tsukuba, Japan, and a paratype of F. marishi in the Terayama Collection were also examined for comparison. Character evaluations of the other two species, F. shiva and F. rugulosus, were based on the original descriptions (Terayama 2004;Xu and He 2005).
The holotype designated in this study has temporarily been deposited in the Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture Atsugi, Japan, but it will be transferred to the Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Distribution. Oriental region and Afrotropical region (Species listed in the latter are not identified) (Terayama 2004;Xu and He 2005;Mugrabi and Azevedo 2010;Azevedo et al. 2010).

Formosiepyris vietnamensis
Description Coloration. Body black, except dark brown apical half of mandible and yellowish brown tarsi. Wings faintly tinged with brown.
Head. Head 0.9 times as long as wide, with convex posterior margin in frontal view; frons and vertex densely and strongly punctated and microreticulate interspaces; maximum diameter of punctures ca. 0.3-0.5 mm. Posteroventral corner of gena forming dully projection (Fig. 2). Mandible with three teeth (Fig. 1). Anterior margin of clypeus rounded. The ratio of first five antennomeres as follows; 16: 7: 11: 11: 11. WF 1.05 times EL. Ocelli forming obtuse triangle; OOL 1.24 times WOT. Mesosoma (Fig. 4). Pronotum punctated with microreticulate interspaces; punctures sparser than head; median longitudinal carina absent. Scutum punctated with microreticulate interspaces. Propodeal disc 0.83 times as long as wide, with five discal carinae; surfaces between carinae of propodeum without longitudinal striae; posterolateral corner of propodeal disc with two pairs of distinct projection; sublateral carina present. Hind femur 5.6 times as long as wide in lateral view. Hind leg with two tibial spurs as long as half of first tarsomere. Tarsal claws simple. Fore wing with short metacarpus, 0.4 times as long as pterostigma; transverse-median vein convex posteriorly.
Metasoma. First tergite 0.5 times as long as wide, smooth; second tergite 0.5 times as long as wide; second and third tergites punctated with sparsely located small punctures and smooth interspaces except microreticulated anterior 2/5 (Fig. 5).
Female. Unknown. Etymology. The specific name is from the type locality, Vietnam. Hosts. Unknown.

Distribution. Oriental region: Vietnam (Lam Dong Province).
Remarks. This species is similar to F. marishi based on the convex posterior margin of the head in full-face view; having a punctated pronotum with microreticulate interspaces; punctures on pronotum sparser than those on head; and absence of longitudinal striae on propodeum surface between median carina and inner submedian carina. However, this species can be distinguished from F. marishi by having a weakly rounded anterior margin of the clypeus; head wider than long; ocelli forming an obtuse triangle; second antennomere shorter than third antennomere; and second and third tergites with small sparsely located punctures and smooth interspaces, except for microreticulated anterior 2/5.