Four new species and two new records of genus Zeugophora (Coleoptera, Megalopodidae, Zeugophorinae) from China

Abstract Four new species of the subgenus Pedrillia Westwood, 1864 are described from southwest and central China: Zeugophora (Pedrillia) euonymorumsp. nov., Zeugophora (Pedrillia) flavithoraxsp. nov., Zeugophora (Pedrillia) trifasciatasp. nov. and Zeugophora (Pedrillia) yuaesp. nov. Two species are recorded for the first time in China and redescribed: Zeugophora (Zeugophora) turneri Power, 1863 and Zeugophora (Pedrillia) nigricollis Jacoby, 1885. To date, a total of 35 Zeugophorinae species has been recognized in China.


Introduction
The genus Zeugophora Kunze, 1818 belongs to the subfamily Zeugophorinae in the family Megalopodidae. A total of 29 species of the subfamily Zeugophorinae has been recorded in China (Lee and Cheng 2007;Li and Liang 2018). The Chinese fauna as a treatment. The treatment time depended upon the degree of sclerotization of the genitalia in different species. After treatment, these organs were washed with water, then dyed with Chlorazol Black E for one second. The genitalia were then detached and transferred to glycerin for observation, photography, and preservation.
All measurements were made using a Nikon SMZ1500 or a Nikon SMZ18 stereoscopic microscope with the aid of an ocular micrometer. Body length (BL) = the linear distance along the midline from the anterior margin of the labrum to the apex of the elytra; body width (BW) = elytra width (EW) = the maximum linear distance across the elytra; pronotum length (PL) = the linear distance along the median line of the pronotum; pronotum width (PW) = the linear distance across the widest part of the pronotum; pronotum width at the apex (PAW) = the linear distance across the apex of the pronotum; pronotum width at the base (PBW) = the linear distance across the base of the pronotum; elytra length (EL) = the linear distance from the base of the elytra to the apex of the sutural angle; median lobe length = the linear distance from the base to the apex; median struts length = the linear distance from the base to the apex. Ratios cited in descriptions are based on these measurements.
Photographs of male genitalia were taken using a Nikon SMZ-1500 stereoscop ic dissecting microscope fitted with a Cannon 450D digital camera or Nikon SMZ18 stereoscop ic dissecting microscope fitted with a Nikon D610 digital camera. For each final image, several photographs were taken using different focal planes, combined with Helicon Focus software to obtain one synthesized photograph, and finally edited with Adobe Photoshop software.
Thorax: PW/PL = 1.3-1.5; anterior margin slightly flattened, posterior margin arching backwards in the center, length of anterior margin nearly equal to posterior margin; anterior margin indistinct; posterior margin backwards medially; anterior and posterior groove indistinct; lateral margins subparallel at anterior portions, lateral tubercle prominent laterally, blunt at apex; disc slightly convex, coarsely punctate and pubescent; base slightly depressed. Scutellum triangular, apical margin slightly emarginate, finely punctate and pubescent.
Elytra: EL/EW = 1.4-1.6; elytral humeri slightly projecting antero-laterally, humeral groove shallow; lateral margin gradually expanding from anterior to posterior, the elytra widest behind the middle, apex rounded; disc slightly convex, coarsely punctate and pubescent; elytral base coarsely punctate and pubescent; suture with one row of punctures and pubescence; epipleura narrow, with two rows of punctures and pubescence at base and one row at apex. Abdomen and legs: underside sparsely punctate and pubescent. Legs moderately long, femora robust. Pygidium moderately long, apical portion exposed, punctate, and pubescent. Apical margin of last abdominal ventrite slightly concave in female, slightly prominent in male. Median lobe strongly sclerotized, slender, dorso-central portion membranous with a tongue-shaped sclerite, curved in lateral view, lateral sides thin, subparallel, apex narrower than base, apical portion tongue-shaped, apex upward, sharp; median struts rod-shaped, widely separated from each other, 1.1 × as long as median lobe; basal piece rod-like, short, basal portion of tegmen Y-shaped, tegminal ring with base broad and gradually narrowed to apical portion, paramere sub-square, apical margin of paramere with dense setae; endophallus membranous, with paired granulated and sclerotized areas. Spiculum long, Y-shaped, apical portion tongueshaped, weakly sclerotized. Ovipositor moderately long, sub-triangular, base broad, apex slightly narrowed, divided into two vaginal palpi, each side with two baculi, one baculus extending from the base of the ovipositor backwards, base slightly broad, apex slightly narrowed, length of two baculi proximal to each other at base; another baculus extended from the coxite to the middle of the ovipositor; the two baculi of each side proximal to each other but not fused; coxite strongly sclerotized, cylindrical, lateral margin apex with long setae; stylus short, small, distinct.

Remarks.
A large number of this species was caught by Malaise trips set in Songshan for approximately four months. This species is similar to Zeugophora cribrata Chen, 1974, but differs in having a brown head and pronotum; the lateral tubercle of the pronotum is more prominent; the pronotum and elytra are sparsely punctate; with the apex of the median lobe gradually narrowed (head black, pronotum brown, slightly black; lateral tubercle of the pronotum less prominent; pronotum and elytra densely punctate; and the apex of the median lobe strongly constricted in Z. cribrata).
This species is also similar to Zeugophora scutellaris Suffrian, 1840 with regards to the shape of the lateral tubercle on the pronotum, but differs in having the head, pronotum, elytra and antennae yellowish brown; the pronotal disc is finely punctate while the elytra is sparsely punctate; the dorso-central portion of the median lobe has a slender sclerite, and the apex of the median lobe is slightly broad and blunt (head and pronotum reddish brown, elytra black, antennomeres 1-4 brown, antennomeres 5-11 black; pronotal disc coarsely punctate and elytra densely punctate; the dorso-central portion of the median lobe without a sclerite, and the apex slightly narrowed and sharp in Z. scutellaris). Diagnosis. Head, pronotum, scutellum, underside black; elytra with dark blue or dark green metallic luster; antennae slender, exceeding half the length of body; lateral tubercle of pronotum gradually expanding from anterior to the middle and then constricted; median lobe with basal one third tubular, slightly flattened and curved in lateral view, apex triangular and blunt.

Subgenus
Description. BL = 2.8-4.0 mm, BW = 1.3-2.0 mm. Head, pronotum, scutellum, underside black; elytra with dark blue or dark green metallic luster; mouthparts yellowish brown except mandible brown; antennae black or with antennomere 1 dark brown; legs black, sometimes basal portion of femora, apex of tibiae and most of tarsi yellow, or legs yellow.
Thorax: PW/PL = 1.3-1.5; anterior margin slightly flattened; posterior margin backwards medially; length of anterior margin nearly equal to posterior margin; anterior groove distinct laterally, obsolete medially; posterior groove deep laterally, shallow medially; anterior portion of lateral margin subparallel, then gradually expanding from anterior portion to middle, strongly constricted behind middle; lateral tubercle rounded; behind the lateral tubercle, an oblique groove extending to base portion; disc convex with punctures and pubescence, basal portion slightly depressed; basal portion of each side slightly prominent. Scutellum triangular, slightly emarginate at apex, densely punctate and pubescent.
Elytra: EL/EW = 1.4-1.6; elytral humeri projecting antero-laterally, humeral groove shallow, lateral of humeri densely punctate and pubescent; lateral margins slightly expanding from the base to the middle, widest behind the middle, apex rounded; disc slightly flattened, coarsely punctate and pubescent; suture with two rows of punctures and pubescence; epipleura narrow, two rows of punctures and pubescence at base and one row at apex.
Abdomen and legs: underside sparsely punctate and pubescent. Legs moderately long, femora robust, mid-and hind-tibiae slightly curved. Pygidium moderately long, apical portion exposed. Apical margin of last abdominal ventrite slightly prominent in male (apical margin of last abdominal ventrite nearly straight in female). Median lobe sclerotized, short and broad, slightly curved in lateral view, dorso-central portion membranous, basal one third tubular, lateral sides thick and parallel, apex triangular and blunt; median struts rodshaped, widely separated from each other, approximately 2.1-2.3 × as long as median lobe; basal portion of tegmen Y-shaped, tegminal ring oval-shaped, paramere tongue-shaped, apical margin of paramere with setae; endophallus membranous, with paired granulated and weakly sclerotized area. Spiculum spoon-shaped, apical margin slightly emarginate. Ovipositor moderately long, sub-rectangular, base broad, apex slightly narrowed, divided into two vaginal palpi, each side with one baculus, extending from the base of the ovipositor backwards to the coxite, baculus sclerotized, base slightly broad, apex slightly narrowed, two baculi proximal to each other at base; coxite strongly sclerotized, cylindrical, lateral margin of apex with long setae; stylus, cylindrical, short, small and distinct.
Remarks. This species is similar to Zeugophora cyanea Chen, 1974 in color, but differs in having longer antennae, the lateral tubercle of the pronotum gradually expanding from the anterior to the middle and then constricted, the lateral tubercle broader and bigger, the ratio of median struts / median lobe approximately 2.1-2.3, basal third of median lobe tubular with the apex of the median lobe broader and blunt, the tegminal ring oval-shaped, the paramere tongue-shaped, the spiculum long and Yshaped and with the apex prominent (shorter antennae, lateral tubercle prominent on lateral middle of pronotum, anterior margin of pronotum slightly subparallel, lateral tubercle narrow and smaller, the ratio of median struts / median lobe approximately 1.1, median lobe dorso-central portion membranous and apical portion with a slender and weakly sclerotized sclerite, apex of median lobe narrower and sharper, tegminal ring gradually narrowed from base to apical portion, paramere sub-square, spiculum long and Y-shaped, and apex trifid in Z. cyanea).
The external male genitalia of this species are similar to those of Zeugophora (Pedrillia) annulata Baly, 1873, Zeugophora (Pedrillia) bicolor Kraatz, 1879, Zeugophora (Pedrillia) tricolor Chen & Pu, 1962, but differs from them in having a slightly flattened and less curved median lobe in the lateral view, with the apex of the median lobe shorter and slightly broader.  Diagnosis. Head brown except occiput black, antennae, pronotum, elytra, prosternum, abdominal ventrites and legs brown, mesoventrite and metaventrite black, the pubescence of surfaces slightly yellow and transparent; median lobe short and broad, slightly curved in lateral view, lateral sides thin, apex slightly broad, middle of apical margin projecting and sharp; base of coxite with one elongate sclerotized area.
Thorax: PW/PL = 1.2-1.3; anterior margin slightly flattened; posterior margin arching backwards in the center; length of anterior margin nearly equal to posterior margin; anterior and posterior groove shallow; lateral margin gradually expanding from anterior angle to the middle, then constricted, lateral tubercle projecting, narrow and blunt; disc slightly convex, coarsely punctate and pubescent. Scutellum triangular, apical margin slightly emarginate, sparsely punctate and pubescent.
Elytra: EL/EW = 1.5-1.7; elytral humeri slightly projecting antero-laterally, humeral groove shallow; lateral margin gradually expanding from anterior to posterior, the elytra widest behind the middle, apex rounded; disc slightly convex, weakly depressed at basal one third, coarsely punctate and pubescent; elytra base finely punctate and pubescent; suture with one or two rows of punctures and pubescence; epipleura narrow, two rows of punctures and pubescence at base and one row at apex.
Abdomen and legs: underside sparsely punctate and pubescent. Legs moderately long, femora robust. Pygidium moderately long, punctate, and pubescent, apical portion exposed; apical margin of last abdominal ventrite slightly prominent in male (slightly emarginate in female). Median lobe weakly sclerotized, short and broad, slightly curved in lateral view, dorso-central portion entirely membranous, lateral sides thin, apex slightly broad, middle of apical margin projecting and sharp; median struts rod-shaped, widely separated from each other, approximately 1.8 × as long as median lobe; base of tegmen V-shaped, tegminal ring sub-oval, paramere sub-trapezoid and apical margin slightly rounded, apical margin with long setae; endophallus membranous, with paired granulated and weakly sclerotized area. Spiculum long Y-shaped, apical margin slightly flattened. Ovipositor long, sub-rectangular, base slightly broader than apex, divided into two vaginal palpi, each side with one baculus, extending from the base of the ovipositor backwards to the coxite, baculus base slightly broad, apex slightly narrowed, sclerotized, two baculi proximal to each other at base; coxite strongly sclerotized, sub-rectangular, apical margin with setae, lateral sides of apical margin with stylus; stylus, cylindrical, small and distinct.

Distribution. China (Guizhou).
Host plant. Symplocaceae. Etymology. The specific name flavithorax refers to the yellow color of the prothorax. Remarks. This species is most similar to Zeugophora (Pedrillia) maculata (Chûjô, 1941) (Figs 38-41) in the shape of the external morphology and color, but differs in having the pronotum and elytra without a black spot, the pubescence of surfaces slightly yellow and transparent, the median lobe apex slightly broad and the apical margin projecting and sharp, paramere of tegmen sub-trapezoid, and the base of the coxite with one elongate sclerotized area (pronotum and elytra with a black spot, the pubescence of surfaces pale yellow, median lobe apex slightly narrowed and downward, apical margin slightly round without projecting, paramere of tegmen tongue-shaped, base of coxite without elongate sclerotized area in Z. (P.) maculata (Figs 38-45)). Diagnosis. Elytra brown, head, antennae, pronotum, scutellum, legs, and underside black (except lateral sides of abdominal ventrites brown); median lobe slender, curved in lateral view, apex of median lobe triangular and blunt. Description. BL = 3.8-4.5 mm, BW = 1.9-2.2 mm. Elytra brown, head, antennae, pronotum, scutellum, legs, and underside black (except lateral sides of abdominal ventrites brown).
Thorax: PW/PL = 1.5-1.6; anterior margin slightly flattened; length of anterior margin nearly equal to posterior margin; posterior margin arching backwards in the center; anterior groove distinct laterally, shallow medially; posterior groove shallow; lateral margin gradually expanding from anterior angle to the middle, then constricted, lateral tubercle broad and round; disc convex, densely punctate and pubescent, basal portion of each side slightly prominent; each anterior and posterior angle with two or three long setae. Scutellum triangular, apical margin flattened, sparsely punctate and pubescent. Elytra: EL/EW = 1.3-1.5; elytral humeri projecting antero-laterally, humeral groove shallow; lateral margin gradually expanding from anterior to posterior, the elytra widest behind the middle, apex round; disc flattened, weakly depressed at basal one third, coarsely punctate and pubescent; elytra base densely punctate and pubescent; suture with one row of punctures and pubescence; epipleura narrow, with one row of punctures and pubescence.
Abdomen and legs: underside sparsely punctate and pubescent. Legs moderately long, femora robust, meso-and meta-tibia slightly curved. Pygidium moderately long, punctate, and pubescent; apical margin of last abdominal ventrite slightly prominent. Median lobe sclerotized, slender, curved in lateral view, lateral sides thick and parallel, dorso-central portion membranous with basal one third tubular, apex triangular and blunt, apex slightly leftward; median struts rod-shaped, widely separated from each other, approximately 2.6 × as long as median lobe; base of tegmen V-shaped, tegminal ring sub-oval, paramere long and triangular with apical margin with long setae; endophallus membranous, with paired granulated and weakly sclerotized area. Spiculum long and Y-shaped, with apical margin projecting.
Diagnosis. Head brown; antennae black, with basal four antennomeres brown; pronotum yellowish brown; scutellum dark brown; elytra dark blue with a pale yellow transverse band from epipleura to suture on the center; underside dark blue except prosternum and mesoventrite yellowish brown; legs yellowish brown except hind femur dark blue; antennae elongate, lateral sides of elytra sub-paralleled; dorso-central portion of the median lobe with one sclerite from base to apical portion.
Description. BL = 4.3-4.4 mm, BW = 1.7-1.9 mm. Head brown; antennae black, with basal four antennomeres brown; pronotum yellowish brown; scutellum dark brown; elytra dark blue with a pale yellow transverse band from epipleura to suture on the center; underside dark blue except prosternum and mesoventrite yellowish brown; legs yellowish brown except hind femur dark blue.
Head: eyes prominent, inner margin with distinct canthus; center of vertex sparsely punctate and pubescent, lateral sides densely punctate and pubescent; occiput strongly constricted; frons finely punctate and pubescent, center slightly concave; clypeus rectangular, width 2.4 × that of length, central portion slightly prominent, punctate and pubescent laterally, separated from frons by deep fronto-clypeal suture; shallow oblique groove from inner margin of upper portion of eye to fronto-clypeal suture; labrum rectangular, slightly narrower than clypeus, anterior margin with punctures and pubescence; antennae slender, exceeding half the length of body, antennomere 1 long and swollen, antennomere 2 short, shorter than half the length of antennomere 1, antennomere 3 slightly shorter than antennomere 1, antennomere 4 subequal to antennomere 1, antennomere 5 equal to 6 in length, and two-thirds as long as antennomere 4, antennomeres 7-10 equal to each other in length and slightly shorter than antennomere 5, antennomere 11 slightly longer than antennomere 5 and apex acute, antennomeres 1-4 sparsely punctate and pubescent, antennomeres 5-11 densely punctate and pubescent.
Thorax: PW/PL = 1.5-1.6; anterior margin slightly flattened; posterior margin arching backwards medially; length of anterior margin nearly equal to posterior margin; anterior and posterior groove indistinct; lateral sides subparallel at anterior portion, then gradually expanding in the middle, strongly constricted posterior to the middle; lateral tubercle prominent and blunt; with a shallow oblique groove behind the lateral tubercle to basal portion; disc convex, with fine punctures and pubescence, basal portion slightly depressed; basal portion of each side slightly prominent. Scutellum trapezoid, slightly emarginate at apex, densely punctate and pubescent.
Elytra: EL/EW = 1.6-1.7; elongate, elytral humeri projecting antero-laterally, humeral groove somewhat deep; lateral sides subparallel; disc slightly flattened, base slightly prominent and posterior slightly depressed, base densely punctate and pubescent, apex coarsely punctate and pubescent; suture with one row of punctures and pubescence; epipleura narrow, base with two rows of punctures and pubescence, apex with one row of punctures and pubescence.
Distribution. China (Yunnan). Host plant. Unknown. Etymology. The specific name trifasciata refers to the transverse bands on the elytra. Remarks. This species is similar to Zeugophora (Pedrillia) formosana Gressitt, 1945 in having the transverse bands on the elytra, but differs in having the antennae elongate, the lateral sides of the elytra subparallel, the base of the pronotum without a distinct transverse groove (antennae shorter, lateral sides of elytra gradually expanding posteriorly from the base, broadest behind the middle, and the base of the pronotum with a transverse groove in Z. (P.) formosana).
This species is also similar to Zeugophora (Pedrillia) pallidicinata Gressitt, 1945 in color, but differs in having the elytra elongate and the lateral sides subparallel (elytra broad and short, the lateral sides expanding posteriorly from the base, widest behind the middle in Z. (P.) pallidicinata).
The median lobe of this species is distinct with the dorsal portion of the median lobe having a long triangular sclerite (Figs 62, 63). Diagnosis. Head, prothorax, pygidium, last abdominal ventrite reddish brown; antennae and scutellum brown; elytra, mesoventrite, metaventrite, most portion of abdominal ventrites, legs pale brown; pubescence pale brown; antennae slender, extended to half the length of body; median lobe slender, slightly curved in lateral view, dorsocentral portion membranous with basal one half tubular and other portion flattened, apex triangular, blunt.
Thorax: PW/PL = 1.5-1.7; anterior margin slightly flattened; posterior margin arching backwards centrally; length of anterior margin nearly equal to posterior margin; anterior groove shallow laterally, indistinct medially; posterior groove deep laterally, shallow medially; lateral margin gradually expanding from anterior angle to beyond the middle, then constricted, lateral tubercle broad and round; disc slightly convex, sparsely punctate and pubescent, each side of the basal portion slightly depressed. Scutellum trapezoid, apical margin slightly flattened, sparsely punctate and pubescent.
Elytra: EL/EW = 1.3-1.5; elytral humeri projecting antero-laterally, humeral groove shallow; lateral margin gradually expanding from anterior to posterior, the elytra widest behind the middle, apex rounded; disc slightly convex, weakly depressed at basal one third, coarsely punctate and pubescent; base of elytra finely punctate and pubescent; suture with one row of punctures and pubescence; epipleura narrow, two rows of punctures and pubescence at base and one row at apex.
Abdomen and legs: underside sparsely punctate and pubescent. Legs moderately long, femora robust, mid-and hind-tibiae slightly curved; the mid-femur with a small ventral tooth in the male (without a small ventral tooth in the female). Pygidium long, with punctures and pubescence, most exposed, apical margin slightly truncated; last abdominal ventrite center with one ridge, apical margin slightly prominent in male (last abdominal ventrite center without ridge, apical margin slightly straight in female). Median lobe sclerotized, slender, slightly curved in lateral view, dorso-central portion membranous with basal half tubular and other half flattened, apex triangular, blunt; median struts rod-shaped, widely separated from each other, approximately 3.5 × as long as median lobe; base of tegmen V-shaped, tegminal ring slightly subparallel, parameres tongue-shaped, apical margin with long setae; endophallus membranous, with paired granulated and weakly sclerotized area. Spiculum long, spoonshaped. Ovipositor long, sub-rectangular, base broad, apex slightly narrowed, divided into two vaginal palpi, each side with one baculus, extending from the base of the ovipositor backwards to the coxite, baculus base slightly broad, apex slightly narrowed, base sclerotized and gradually less sclerotized from base to apex, two baculi proximal to each other at base; coxite strongly sclerotized, cylindrical, apical margin with long setae; stylus, cylindrical, small and distinct.
Distribution. China (Yunnan). Host plant. Vitex quinata (Lamiaceae) (Figs 77, 78). Etymology. The specific name yuae is proposed in memory of Professor Peiyu Yu, who has greatly contributed to the taxonomy of the Chinese Megalopodidae.
Remarks. This species is similar to Zeugophora (Pedrillia) tricolor Chen & Pu, 1962 in having a reddish-brown pronotum and pale brown elytra, but can differ from it in having the head reddish brown, antennae brown and slender, the base of the pronotum without a distinct tubercle, the median lobe less curved in the lateral view, the apex of the median lobe slightly broader and blunt, and the ratio of median struts / median lobe approximately 3.5 (head black, antennomeres 1-4 pale brown, antennomeres 5-11 black, antennae shorter and slightly robust, the base of the pronotum with a slight tubercle, the median lobe more curved in the lateral view, the apex of the median lobe slightly narrower and sharper, and the ratio of median struts / median lobe approximately 2.2 in Z. tricolor).