Geographical distribution of the Peronia species A distribution of all Peronia species except for P. peronii B distribution of P. peronii. The colors are the same as those used in Figs 2–5. Colored areas correspond to hypothetical geographical ranges based on confirmed records only. Distinct colors are used for each unit of P. verruculata. The distribution of P. verruculata in the Indo-West Pacific is actually continuous. However, because it is unclear which units are present in regions from where we have no fresh material of P. verruculata (red areas), no unit of P. verruculata is shown there. For P. peronii, black dots correspond to material identified based on anatomical characters and blue dots correspond to material with DNA sequences. Details on species distribution can be found in each species description.