Geographic distribution and morphotypes of Euphonia affinis, sampling, phylogeny, and haplotype networks. A geographic distribution of E. affinis: in blue E. a. godmani, in yellow E. a. affinis, and in red E. a. olmecorum (Geographic distribution modified from NatureServe shapefile in ArcGIS, ArcMAP 10.2.2; Esri, Redlands, CA, USA). Tissue sampling locations are indicated by circles in the map. Plumage morphotypes of E. a. godmani (female and male) with white undertail coverts, and E. a. affinis (female and male) with yellow undertail coverts. The previously proposed subspecies E. a. olmecorum (not shown) is similar to E. a. affinis, but paler plumage in females and a purple-blue back in males have been reported. B haplotype networks obtained for the mitochondrial gene ND2 and the nuclear genes ODC, MUSK, GAPDH intron 11, and BRM intron 15. Samples from the western distribution, assigned as E. a. godmani, are shown in blue and from the eastern distribution, assigned as E. a. affinis are indicated in yellow, E. a. olmecorum in red. C bayesian Inference concatenated phylogeny of E. a. godmani (west) and E. a. affinis-E. a. olmecorum (eastern Mexico, Central America).